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DVPB CLT

The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) states that with a large enough sample size, the distribution of sample means will approximate a normal distribution, regardless of the original population distribution. As sample size increases, the sample mean distribution becomes closer to normal, with the mean of sample means equaling the population mean. An example using coin flips illustrates how sample means converge to a normal distribution as the sample size increases.

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4 views3 pages

DVPB CLT

The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) states that with a large enough sample size, the distribution of sample means will approximate a normal distribution, regardless of the original population distribution. As sample size increases, the sample mean distribution becomes closer to normal, with the mean of sample means equaling the population mean. An example using coin flips illustrates how sample means converge to a normal distribution as the sample size increases.

Uploaded by

pratham singhvi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DATA VISUALIZATION AND POWER BI

Assignment- The Central Limit Theorem (CLT)

X
Submitted by: Submitted to:
Pratham Singhvi Prof. Abhishek Belkar
M20231112
Group 1
Assignment

The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) is one of the fundamental principles in statistics. It
states that if you take a sufficiently large sample size from any population with a finite level
of variance, the sample means will be approximately normally distributed (i.e., they will
follow a bell curve), regardless of the population's original distribution.
Key Points of the Central Limit Theorem:
1. Normal Distribution: As the sample size increases, the distribution of the sample
means approaches a normal distribution, even if the population distribution is not
normal.
2. Sample Size: The larger the sample size, the closer the sample mean distribution will
be to a normal distribution.
3. Population Mean and Variance: The mean of the sample means will equal the
population mean, and the variance of the sample means will equal the population
variance divided by the sample size.

Example: Tossing a Coin


Step 1: Population
Imagine you're flipping a fair coin. The possible outcomes are either Heads (H) or Tails (T).
Let's say:
 Heads = 1
 Tails = 0
For a single flip, the mean (average) outcome is:
Mean=1+02=0.5\text{Mean} = \frac{1 + 0}{2} = 0.5Mean=21+0=0.5
Step 2: Taking Samples
Now, let's consider taking multiple samples by flipping the coin multiple times:
1. Sample Size 1 (n=1):
o If you flip the coin once, the sample mean is just the result, either 0 or 1.

2. Sample Size 5 (n=5):


o Now, flip the coin 5 times. You might get a sequence like H, T, H, H, T.

o This corresponds to the numbers 1, 0, 1, 1, 0.


o The sample mean is: Sample Mean=1+0+1+1+05=35=0.6\text{Sample Mean}
= \frac{1 + 0 + 1 + 1 + 0}{5} = \frac{3}{5} = 0.6Sample Mean=51+0+1+1+0
=53=0.6
3. Sample Size 30 (n=30):
o If you flip the coin 30 times, you might get something like 16 heads and 14
tails.
o The sample mean is: Sample Mean=1630≈0.53\text{Sample Mean} = \
frac{16}{30} \approx 0.53Sample Mean=3016≈0.53
Step 3: Observing the Distribution of Sample Means
Now, if you repeat this process (flipping the coin multiple times and calculating the mean for
each set of flips), you'll start to see a pattern:
 With n=1 (single flip per sample): The sample means will be either 0 or 1, which
isn't very informative.
 With n=5: The sample means will start to cluster around 0.5, but with some variation.
 With n=30: The sample means will be even more tightly clustered around 0.5,
forming a shape that looks like a bell curve (normal distribution).

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