PROBLEM#02

Select the lightest possible single angle section for a 3m long tension
member to carry a service tensile load of 0.2R dead and 0.3R live load in
kN. The member is to be connected through one leg only with 20 mm
diameter rivets (at least four in a longitudinal line). Assume that only one
rivet is to be located at any one cross-section. Use AISC Specification
and A36 steel.
R=750
Solution
1) Factored Load
Tu = 1.2TD + 1.6TL

= 1.2x150 + 1.6x225

= 540KN

2) Required Area (Larger Of)

I.
T ux 1000
0.9 Fy
=
540 x 1000
0.9 x 250
= 2400mm2

Areq

II.
T ux 1000
0.75 Fu . U . R
= 540 x 1000
0.75 x 400 x 0.8 x 0.85
= 2647 mm2

3) Minimum width of Connected leg(bmin)

bmin = 3.25d + 18 = 3.25x20+18 = 83mm

4) Selection of Section

L 152 x 152 x 9.5, Asel =2810 mm2

5) Capacity Check

Ag = 2810 mm2
An = 2810 – 1(20+3) x 9.5 = 2591.5 say 2592mm2
Ae = UAn = 0.80 x 2592 = 2073,6mm2

I. (0.9 Fy Asel)/1000
(0.9 x 250 x 2810)/1000 = 632.25kN > Tu (OK)

II. (0.75 x Fu x Ae)/1000

(0.75 x 400 x 2073.6)/1000 = 622.08 KN > (OK)
6) Maximum Preferable Slenderness ratio
L/40 < 300 (OK)
(3 x 1000)/30.2 = 99.34 < 300 (OK)

7) Loading cycles are assumed < 20,000. Hence no reduction in the strength due
to fatigue is considered.

Final Selection L 152 x 152 x 9.5

PROBLEM# 03
A 6m long member consists of a pair of lightest equal leg angles placed
back-to-back with fillet welded end connections. Assume that gusset
plate thickness is 10mm. The service dead load tensile force is R/4 kN
while it is estimated that the service live load force may be applied to a
maximum of 20,000 times and may vary from a compression of R/3 kN to
a tension of R/2 kN. Design the member using A709M Grade 345 steel
and AISC Specification.
R=750
Solution
1) Factored Load
Note: Since the service live load force can vary from compression of R/3 kN to
tension of R/2kN, we'll use the maximum value for design.

TL = R/2 = 750/2 = 375KN

Tu = 1.2TD + 1.6TL

= 1.2x187.5 + 1.6x375

= 825KN

2) Required Area (Larger Off)

I. = = 2657mm2
T ux 1000 825 x 1000
0.9 Fy 0.9 x 345

Areq 2657 x 2 = 5314mm2

II.
T ux 1000
0.75 Fu . U . R
= 825 x 1000
0.75 x 450 x 1 x 1
= 2444.44 mm2

R= An/Ag in case of welded section R =1.0

3) Minimum width of Connected leg(bmin)

bmin = 50mm

4) Selection of Section

L 127 x 127 x 11.1, Asel = 2700mm2

Ag= 2x2700 = 5400 mm2

Iy about individual centroid = 416x104 mm4 , x = 35.8mm 5+

35.8
 Iy (built-up) = (416x104 + 2700(5+35.8)2 x 2 = 17309056 mm4

ry = = 56.61mm
√17309056

rx = 39.4 mm , rz = 25mm
2 X 2700

5) Maximum Preferable Slenderness ratio

L/rmini < 300 (OK)
(6 x 1000)/ 25 = 240 < 300 (OK)

6) Capacity Check

Ag = 2 x2700 = 5400 mm2

An = 5400 mm
Ae = UAn = 1 x 5400 = 5400mm2

III. (0.9 Fy Asel)/1000

(0.9 x 345 x 5400)/1000 = 1677kN > Tu (OK)

IV. (0.75 x Fu x Ae)/1000

(0.75 x 400 x 5400)/1000 = 1620 KN > (OK)

7) Loading cycles are assumed < 20,000. Hence no reduction in the strength due
to fatigue is considered.

Final Selection L 127 x 127 x 11.1

PROBLEM# 04
An L 152 x 89 x 12.7 angle has one line of holes in each leg for 18 mm
rivets. Determine the minimum stagger such that the answer of net area
is obtained by deducting only one and one-half holes from the gross area
for no stagger case (use the standard gage for angles).
When open the angle section

152
B

B = (152+89-12.7) = 228.3mm
Ag = B x t =
= 228.3 x 12.7= 2899.41 say 2900mm2
Ag = (152x89) x 12.7 = 2900mm2
Net Area
An = Ag – 1.5d x t
= 2900-1.5 x 18 x 12.7 = 2557.1 mm2
For mini staggered

(Ag – n x d + )t = An
s2
4 Xg

S = 41mm
PROBLEM# 06
A W310 shape is to be selected to support a factored tensile load of 2.7R
KN. The member is 9 m long having two holes for 18 mm bolts in each
flange. Maximum slenderness ratio is to be kept at 200, which is not an
AISC requirement. Use A709M Grade 345 steel.
R=750
Solution
1) Factored Load
Tu = 2.7x750

= 1875KN

2) Required Area (Larger Off)

I.
T ux 1000
0.9 Fy
=
1875 x 1000
0.9 x 345
= 6038.88 say 6039mm2

Areq

II.
T ux 1000
0.75 Fu . U . R
= 1875 x 1000
0.75 x 450 x 0.9 x 0.85
= 7262.16 say 7263 mm2

3) Minimum width of Connected leg(bmin)

bmin = 2.5d + 16 = 2.5x18+16 = 61mm

4) Selection of Section

W 310 x 60 , Asel = 7550 mm2

d = 302mm bf = 203mmtf = 13.1mm
tw = 7.49mm rmin =49.3mm

bf > bmin (OK)

5) Capacity Check

Ag = 7550 mm2
An = 7550 – 2(18+3) x 13.1 = 6999.8mm2
Ae = UAn = 0.90 x 7911.2 = 6299.82mm2

I. (0.9 Fy Asel)/1000
(0.9 x 345 x 7550)/1000 = 2345 kN > Tu (OK)
 II. (0.75 x Fu x Ae)/1000
(0.75 x 450 x 6299.8)/1000 = 2127 KN > (OK)

6) Maximum Preferable Slenderness ratio

L/30 < 300 (OK)
(9 x 1000)/49.3 = 182.55 < 300 (OK)

7) Loading cycles are assumed < 20,000. Hence no reduction in the strength due
to fatigue is considered.

Final Selection W 310 x 60

PROBLEM# 07
Select a lightest American Standard Channel that will safely support a
tensile dead load of R/2.5 kN and a tensile live load of R/2.0 kN. The
member is 5m long and is assumed to have one hole for an 18 mm bolt
through each flange. Use U=0.85, A36 steel and the AISC Specification.
R=750
Solution
1) Factored Load
Tu = 1.2TD + 1.6TL

= 1.2x300 + 1.6x350

= 920KN

2) Required Area (Larger Off)

I.
T ux 1000
0.9 Fy
=
920 x 1000
0.9 x 250
= 4088.88 say 4089mm2

Areq

II.
T ux 1000
0.75 Fu . U . R
= 0.75 x920 x 1000
400 x 0.85 x 0.85
= 4244.52 say 4245 mm2

3) Minimum width of Connected leg(bmin)

bmin = 2.5d + 16 = 2.5x18+16 = 61mm

4) Selection of Section

C 230 x 35.6, Asel =4530 mm2

d = 229mm bf = 87mm tf = 14mm
tw = 10.2mm rmin =25.7mm

bf > bmin (OK)

5) Capacity Check

Ag = 4530 mm2
An = 4530 – 2(18+3) x 14 = 3942mm2
Ae = UAn = 0.85 x 3942 = 3350.7mm2

I. (0.9 Fy Asel)/1000
(0.9 x 250 x 4530)/1000 = 1019.25 kN > Tu (OK)

II. (0.75 x Fu x Ae)/1000

(0.75 x 400 x 3350.7)/1000 = 1005.21 KN > (OK)
6) Maximum Preferable Slenderness ratio
L/30 < 300 (OK)
(5 x 1000)/30.2 = 194.55 < 300 (OK)

7) Loading cycles are assumed < 20,000. Hence no reduction in the strength due
to fatigue is considered.

Final Selection C 230 x 35.6

PROBLEM# 08
A welded tension member is to consist of two channels placed 400 mm
back-to-back with the flanges turned out. Select the channels for a
factored tensile load of 4R KN using A36 steel and the AISC
Specification. The member is to be 30 m long.
R=750

400mm

Solution
1) Factored Load
Tu = 3000 KN

2) Required Area (Larger Off)

I.
T ux 1000
0.9 Fy
=
3000 x 1000
0.9 x 250
= 13333 mm2

Areq = 6666.5 mm2

II.
T ux 1000
0.75 Fu . U . R
= 3000 x 1000
0.75 x 400 x 1 x 1
= 10,000 mm2

3) Minimum width of Connected leg(bmin)

bmin = 50mm

4) Selection of Section

C 380 x 60, Asel =7610 mm2

Ag = 7610 x 2 = 15220 mm2
d = 381mm bf = 89mm tf = 16.5mm
tw = 13.2mm

bf > bmin (OK)

Iy about individual centroid = 384x104 mm4 , x = 35.8mm

Iy (built-up) = (384x104 + 7610(200+19.7)2 x 2 = 735400329.8 mm4

ry = = 220.84mm
√735400329.8

rx = 138 mm ,
2 X 7610
200+19.7mm

5) Maximum Preferable Slenderness ratio

L/rmini < 300 (OK)
(30 x 1000)/ 138 = 217.39 < 300 (OK)
6) Capacity Check

Ag = 7610x2 mm2
An = 15220mm2
Ae = UAn = 1.0 x 15220 = 15220mm2

III. (0.9 Fy Asel)/1000

(0.9 x 250 x 15220)/1000 = 3424.5 kN > Tu (OK)

IV. (0.75 x Fu x Ae)/1000

(0.75 x 400 x 15220)/1000 = 4566 KN > (OK)

7) Loading cycles are assumed < 20,000. Hence no reduction in the strength due
to fatigue is considered.

Final Selection C 380 x 60