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Table of Contents - Powergrid

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18 views4 pages

Table of Contents - Powergrid

Uploaded by

Nadya Noorfatima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Table of Contents

1. Introduction
1.1 Objective and Scope
1.2 Applicable Laws, Regulations, and Standards
1.3 Overview of Power System Operations
1.4 Structure and Organization of the Document

9. Role of System Operators (change to section 2)


9.1 Real-Time System Monitoring and Control
9.2 Frequency Regulation Operations
9.3 Voltage Regulation Operations
9.4 Maintaining Rotor Angle Stability
9.5 Mitigating Power System Oscillations
9.6 Supporting System Restoration Activities
9.7 Adoption of Digital Tools and AI in System Operations
9.8 Summary and References

2. Frequency Control (SPLN D5.004-1: 2012)


2.1 Overview of Frequency Control
2.2 Primary Frequency Control (Governor Response)
2.3 Secondary Frequency Control (Automatic Generation Control, AGC)
2.4 Tertiary Frequency Control (Reserve Deployment and Economic Dispatch)
2.5 Time Error Correction in Frequency Control
2.6 Reliability Standards for Frequency Regulation (NERC and Domestic
Standards)
2.7 Step-by-Step Response to Contingency Events (e.g., Loss of Generation)
2.8 Frequency Regulation in High Renewable Penetration Scenarios
2.9 Summary and References

3. Voltage Control and Voltage Stability (SPLN S5.005: 2022)


3.1 Overview of Voltage Control
3.2 Voltage Regulation Techniques (Manual and Automatic Voltage Regulation,
AVR)
3.3 Voltage Control Devices (OLTC, SVC, STATCOM, and UPFC)
3.4 Classification of Voltage Stability Issues
3.4.1 Long-Term Voltage Instability
3.4.2 Short-Term Voltage Instability
3.4.3 Transient Voltage Instability
3.5 Reactive Power Management for Voltage Stability
3.6 Mitigation Measures for Voltage Instability
3.7 Voltage Regulation with Renewable Energy Integration
3.8 Summary and References

4. Rotor Angle Stability (eliminate)


4.1 Overview of Rotor Angle Stability
4.2 Steady-State Stability and Instability
4.3 Transient Stability and Instability (Dynamic Response to Faults)
4.4 Oscillatory Stability (Electromechanical Oscillations)
4.5 Out-of-Step Protection and Recovery (Loss of Synchronism)
4.6 Rotor Angle Stability in HVDC-Integrated Systems
4.7 Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and Rotor Angle Monitoring
4.8 Summary and References

5. Power System Oscillations (SPLN S5.005: 2022)


5.1 Definition and Causes of Power System Oscillations
5.2 Natural Modes and Damping Characteristics of Oscillations
5.3 Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Design and Application
5.4 Role of Excitation Systems in Oscillation Control
5.5 Inter-Area Oscillations in Large-Scale Interconnected Networks
5.6 Summary and References

6. Key Equipment (SPLN T5.005: 2014)


6.1 Design and Operation of HVDC Systems
6.2 Design and Operation of Phase-Shifting Transformers (PSTs)
6.3 Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS): SVC, STATCOM, UPFC, etc.
6.4 Role and Applications of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) in Power Grids
6.5 Maintenance and Inspection of Critical Power System Equipment (SPLN
T5.005: 2014)
6.6 Summary and References

7. Power System Restoration (SPLN S3.001-1: 2011)


7.1 Overview of Power System Restoration Procedures
7.2 Black Start Capabilities and Resource Management
7.3 Voltage Regulation During Restoration
7.4 Frequency Regulation During Restoration
7.5 Role of Major Equipment in System Restoration
7.6 Protection Systems and Relays in Restoration Operations
7.7 Synchronization Procedures for System Restoration
7.8 Restoration Scenario Simulations and Operator Training
7.9 Summary and References

8. Technical Standards and Grid Interconnection Requirements (SPLN


T5.008: 2015)
8.1 Performance Standards for Transmission Equipment (SPLN T3.003-1:2011)
8.2 Performance Standards for Distribution Equipment (SPLN S5.001: 2008 page:
20, 25)
8.3 Grid Interconnection Standards for Power Plants (SPLN S5.001: 2008 page 30,
32-88)
8.4 Renewable Energy Integration Requirements
8.5 Power Quality Standards (Harmonics, Flicker, Voltage Fluctuations, etc.)
8.6 Interconnection Standards for Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)
8.7 Integration of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure into the Grid (RUPTL-
2021-2030)
8.8 Summary and References

10. Appendix
10.1 Glossary of Technical Terms
10.2 Key Formulas and Worked Examples
10.3 List of Relevant Standards and References

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