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Multiplexing CN

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29 views17 pages

Multiplexing CN

Uploaded by

ashfaqnoreen55
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Multiplexing & Demultiplexing

Techniques

Delivered By:
Namra Mukhtar
Lecturer, GCWUS
What is Multiplexing?
●Multiplexing is a technique used to combine and send the multiple data streams over
a single medium. The process of combining the data streams is known as
multiplexing and hardware used for multiplexing is known as a multiplexer.
●Multiplexing is achieved by using a device called Multiplexer (MUX) that combines n
input lines to generate a single output line. Multiplexing follows many-to-one, i.e., n
input lines and one output line.
●Demultiplexing is achieved by using a device called Demultiplexer (DEMUX) available
at the receiving end. DEMUX separates a signal into its component signals (one input
and n outputs). Therefore, we can say that demultiplexing follows the one-to-many
approach.
●When multiple senders try to send over a single medium, a device called Multiplexer
divides the physical channel and allocates one to each. On the other end of
communication, a De-multiplexer receives data from a single medium, identifies
each, and sends to different receivers
•The 'n' input lines are transmitted through a multiplexer and multiplexer combines
the signals to form a composite signal.
•The composite signal is passed through a Demultiplexer and demultiplexer separates
a signal to component signals and transfers them to their respective destinations.
Multiplexing Techniques
Frequency-division Multiplexing (FDM)

•Frequency Division Multiplexing is a analog technique in which the


available bandwidth of a single transmission medium is subdivided into
several channels.
•The input signals are translated into frequency bands by using
modulation techniques, and they are combined by a multiplexer to form a
composite signal.
•The main aim of the FDM is to subdivide the available bandwidth into
different frequency channels and allocate them to different devices.
•FDM is mainly used in radio broadcasts and TV networks.
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

•Wavelength Division Multiplexing is analog technique same as FDM except


that the optical signals are transmitted through the fiber optic cable.
•WDM is used on fiber optics to increase the capacity of a single fiber.
•It is used to utilize the high data rate capability of fiber optic cable.
•Optical signals from different source are combined to form a wider band
of light with the help of multiplexer.
•At the receiving end, demultiplexer separates the signals to transmit them
to their respective destinations.
Time Division Multiplexing technique
•It is a digital technique.
•In Frequency Division Multiplexing Technique, all signals operate at the same time with
different frequency, but in case of Time Division Multiplexing technique, all signals
operate at the same frequency with different time.
•In Time Division Multiplexing technique, the total time available in the channel is
distributed among different users. Therefore, each user is allocated with different time
interval known as a Time slot at which data is to be transmitted by the sender.
•A user takes control of the channel for a fixed amount of time.
•In Time Division Multiplexing technique, data is not transmitted simultaneously rather
the data is transmitted one-by-one.
•In TDM, the signal is transmitted in the form of frames. Frames contain a cycle of time
slots in which each frame contains one or more slots dedicated to each user.
•It can be used to multiplex both digital and analog signals but mainly used to multiplex
digital signals.
Synchronous TDM

•A Synchronous TDM is a technique in which time slot is preassigned to


every device.
•In Synchronous TDM, each device is given some time slot irrespective of
the fact that the device contains the data or not.
•If the device does not have any data, then the slot will remain empty.
•In Synchronous TDM, signals are sent in the form of frames. Time slots are
organized in the form of frames. If a device does not have data for a
particular time slot, then the empty slot will be transmitted.
•If there are n devices, then there are n slots
Disadvantages Of Synchronous TDM:
•The capacity of the channel is not fully utilized as the empty slots are
also transmitted which is having no data. In the above figure, the first
frame is completely filled, but in the last two frames, some slots are
empty. Therefore, we can say that the capacity of the channel is not
utilized efficiently.
•The speed of the transmission medium should be greater than the
total speed of the input lines. An alternative approach to the
Synchronous TDM is Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing.
Asynchronous TDM
• An asynchronous TDM is also known as Statistical TDM.
• An asynchronous TDM is a technique in which time slots are not fixed as in the case of
Synchronous TDM. Time slots are allocated to only those devices which have the data
to send. Therefore, we can say that Asynchronous Time Division multiplexor transmits
only the data from active workstations.

• An asynchronous TDM technique dynamically allocates the time slots to the devices.
• In Asynchronous TDM, total speed of the input lines can be greater than the capacity of
the channel.

• Asynchronous Time Division multiplexor accepts the incoming data streams and
creates a frame that contains only data with no empty slots.

• In Asynchronous TDM, each slot contains an address part that identifies the source of
the data.
Demultiplexing
Demultiplexing is the process of separating multiplexed signals into their original individual
signals. It's the reverse process of multiplexing, where multiple signals are combined into a
single signal for transmission.

1. Received Signal: The demultiplexer receives a multiplexed signal, which is a


combination of multiple data streams.
2. Signal Separation: The demultiplexer identifies and separates the individual signals
based on specific criteria, such as time division multiplexing (TDM) or frequency division
multiplexing (FDM).
3. Signal Routing: Each separated signal is then directed to its appropriate destination,
such as a specific device or application.

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