ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (POLYMERS) (SKCLIVE) SKC SIR

Classification Based on :-
Source Structure Mode of Polymerisation

(1) Natural Polymers found in (1) Linear Polymers (1) Addition Polymers (Chain Growth Polymer's) (2) Condensation Polymer (Step Growth Polymers
plants & Animals – High density Polythene Homopolymer Co-polymer Homopolymer Co-polymer
Nylon-6 1. Nylon-6, 6
– Starch – Poly vinyl chloride 1. Polythene 1. Buna-S 2. Terylene or Dacron
– Protein 2. Polystyrene 2. Buna- N 3. Glyptal
– Cellulose 3. Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) 4. Bakelite
5. Melamine
– Glycogen 4. Poly acrylonitrite (PAN) or Orlon or acrilan (1) Polyamides
(2) Branched polymers –C–OH + NH2– (Acid + amine = Amide)
– Resins 5. Teflon
Low density polythene O
– Natural Rubbers 6. Poly cis-Isoprene - Natural rubber (a) Nylon–6,6

– Ex. Isoprene 7. Neoprene Synthetic rubber H H O O

H–N (CH2)6 N–H + HO–C ( CH2 )4 C–OH
(2) Semi-Synthetic Polymers Monomer Polymer
(3) Cross linked or Network Polymers Hexamethylenediamine Aipic acid
– Cellulose derivatives
Thermosetting Polymer 1. Ethene Polyethene H H O O
Cellulose acetate (Rayon) Used in making sheets,
– Bakelite [ N (CH2)6 N–C ( CH2 )4 C ]n
Cellulose nitrate CH2=CH2 [ CH2–CH2 ] bristles for brushes
– Melamine
(b) Nylon–6
– Vulcanised rubber – Urea formaldehyde 2. Styrene Polystyrene Used as an insulator, O H O
(3) Synthetic polymers CH2=CH wrapping mat, Toys,
[ CH2–CH ]n H2N ( CH2)5 C–OH –N ( CH2)5 C–
Radio & TV cabinets
– Nylon -6, 6
H O
– Buna-N O–H 
–N ( CH2)5 C–
– Buna-S 3. Acrylonitrile Polyacrylo nitrile Used as a substitute C=O H2O

CH2=CH for wool in making

[ CH2–CH ]n Caprolactam
commercial fibres
CN CN Used for manufacture of tyre cords, fabrics & ropes.
IMF (2) Polyesters –C–OH + –OH (Acid + Alcohol = Ester)
4. Vinyl chloride Poly vinyl chloride
O
(1) Elastomers CH2=CHCl [ CH2–CH ]n (a) Terylene
– Natural rubber Cl
– Vulcanised nbbers Used in manufacture of Rain coats, Synthetic rubber Hand HO–CH2–CH2–OH + HO–C C–OH
– Buna - N bags, water pipes. O O
Ethylene
Terepthalic acid
– Buna SS 5. Tetra floro ethene Teflon Glycol
– Neoprene Synthetic rubber
CF2=CF2 [ CF2–CF2 ]n
(2) Fibres —O–CH2–CH2–O–C C— Dacron/Terylene
– Polyamides Used in making oil seals & gaskets & also for non-stick
O O
surface coated utensils. Insulating in electric wire. n
– Plolyesters
(3) Thermoplastic polymers 6. Isoprene Poly cis-Isoprene (b) Glyptal COOH
HOOC
– Polystyrene, Polyvinyls HO–CH2–CH2–OH + Pthalic acid
CH2 = C–CH = CH2 —CH2 – C = CH – CH2—
– Polythene n O C=O
– Taflon CH3 CH3 Used in manufacturing
—O–CH2–CH2–O–C– paints & lacque

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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (POLYMERS) (SKCLIVE) SKC SIR

(4) Themmosetting polymers 7. Chloroprene Neoprene (3) Phenyl formaldehyde polymer (Bakelite)
– Bakelite OH O OH OH
CH2 = C–CH = CH2 —CH2 – C = CH – CH2— CH CH2 CH2
–Melamine n + H–C–H
–Urea-Formaldehyde resins Cl Cl
CH2 CH2
8. 1,3-Butadiene Butudiene–styrene CH2
Used to make combs
Order of Strength + phonograph records, CH2
Copolymer (Buna-s) CH2 CH2
Fibres>Thermoplastic polymer > Elastomers electrical switches, O O
Styrene handles of utensils H H
C b/w
COOH
O–Oxalic acid O C unit (4) Melamine formaldehyde polymer (Melamine
COOH CH2 = CH–CH = CH2 —CH2 – CH = CH – CH2–CH2–CH—
n
M–Malonic acid 1 C * Carbon ring = Lactum +
CH2=CH ·· –H2N N NH2–CH2–
H2N N NH 2
S–Succenic acid 2 C + amide
N N + H–C–H N N
G–Glutamic acid 3 C * Carbon ring = Lacton n
9. 1,3–Butadiene Buna–N NH2 O NH2
A–Adipic Acid 4 C +ester
+
P–Pivalic acid 5 C Acrylonitrile Used in manufactor of
unbreakable crockery
CH2 = CH–CH = CH2 —CH2 – CH = CH – CH2–CH2–CH—
n
+ CN
CH2=CH Used to make oil seals
tank lining.
CN
Biodegradable polymers Vucanisation of rubber Polythene

These polymers contain functional group similar to the functional groups Vulcanised rubber-semisynthetic rubber Row rubber (1) Low density polyethene
present in biopolymers. +sulphur Vulcanised rubber. In manufacture of tyre rubber – By polymerisation of ethene in high pressure & at a
(1) Poly-B-hydroxybutyrate-Co-B- hydroxy valerate (PHBV) use- 5% of sulphur is used as a cross linking agent temperature of 380K- 570 K in presence of traces of
Bacterial degradation used in speciality packaging orthopaedic dioxygen or a peroxide inittator (catalyst).
devices & in controlled release of drugs. Characteristics:- – Obtained by free radical addition & H-atom abstraction has
HO–CH–CH2–COOH + HO–CH–CH2–COOH (1) Resistance against oxidising agent highly branched structure.
CH3 CH2 – CH3 (2) Water holding capacity  es – Chemically inert, tough but flexible
—O–CH–CH2–C–O–CH–CH2—C— – Used in manufacture of toys, flexible pipes, squeeze bottles
n (3) Stability  es & insulators
CH3 O CH2–CH3 O
(4) Hardness  es Range of mixing sulphur 3-10% (2) High density polyethene
(2) Nylon-2-Nylon-6
H O O – By polymerisation of ethene in a hydrocarbon solvent in
(5) Softness  es presence of catalyst as zeigler - Natta Catalyst.
H–N–CH2–C–OH + H2N ( CH2 )5 C–OH
Glycine Amino caproic acid – Chemically inert, tough, hard
DDT non-biodegradable
– Used to make buckets, dustbins, bottles, pipes etc.
H H
– Zeigler-Natta Catalyst (C2H5)AI+ TICL4
—N–CH2–C–N ( CH2 )5 C—
O O n

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