Pg. No.

1. Some physical quantities are given in Column I and some possible SI units in which these
quantities may be expressed are given in Column II. Match the physical quantities in Column
I with the units in Column II. [JEE-2007]
Column I Column II
(A) GMeMs (p) (volt) (coulomb) (metre)
3RT
(B) (q) (kilogram) (metre)3 (second)−2
M
F2
(C) (r) (meter)2(second)−2
q 2 B2
GM e
(D) (s) (farad) (volt)2 (kg)−1
Ee

where G is universal gravitational constant; Me mass of the earth; Ms, mass of sun; Re radius of the
earth; R, universal gas constant; T, absolute temperature; M, molar mass, F, force; q, charge; B, magnetic
field.
(A) A-p,q ; B-r,s ; C-r,s ; D-r,s (B) A-p ; B-r,s ; C-r,s ; D-r,s
(C) A-p,q ; B-r,s ; C-r,s ; D-r (D) A-p,q ; B-r ; C-r,s ; D-r,s
2. A student performs an experiment to determine the Young’s modulus of a wire, exactly 2 m
long, by Searle’s method. In a particular reading, the student measures the extension in the
length of the wire to be 0.8 mm with an uncertainty of  0.05 mm at a load of exactly 1.0 kg.
The student also measures the diameter of the wire to be 0.4 mm with an uncertainty of  0.01
mm. Take g = 9.8 m/s2 (exact). The Young’s modulus obtained from the reading is [JEE - 2007]
(A) (2.0  0.3)  1011 N / m2 (B) (2.0  0.2)  1011 N / m 2

(C) (2.0  0.1)  1011 N / m 2 (D) (2.0  0.05)  1011 N / m 2

3. Students I, II and III perform an experiment for measuring the acceleration due to gravity (g)
using a simple pendulum. They use different lengths of the pendulum and / or record time for
different number of oscillations. The observations are shown in the table. [JEE- 2008]
Least count for length = 0.1 cm Least count for time = 0.1 s
Total time for
Length of the Number of
(n) Time period
Student pendulum oscillations
oscillation (s)
(cm) (n)
s (s)
I 64.0 8 128.0 16.0

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 Pg. No. 2

II 64.0 4 64.0 16.0

III 20.0 4 36.0 9.0
 g 
If EI, EII and EIII are the percentage errors in g, i.e.,  100  for students I, II and III, respectively,
 g 
(A) EI = 0 (B) EI is minimum (C) EI = EII (D) EII is maximum
4. A Vernier calipers has 1 mm marks on the main scale. It has 20 equal divisions on the Vernier
scale which match with 16 main scale divisions. For this Vernier calipers, the least count is
[JEE - 2010]
(A) 0.02 mm (B) 0.05 mm (C) 0.1 mm (D) 0.2 mm
5. A student uses a simple pendulum of exactly 1 m length to determine g, the acceleration due to
gravity. He uses a stop watch with the least count of 1 sec for this and records 40 seconds for 20
oscillations. For this observation, which of the following statement(s) is (are) true? [JEE- 2010]
(A) Error T in measuring T, the time period, is 0.05 seconds
(B) Error  T in measuring T, the time period, is 1 second
(C) Percentage error in the determination of g is 5%
(D) Percentage error in the determination of g is 2.5%
6. A dense collection of equal number of electrons and positive ions is called neutral plasma.
Certain solids containing fixed positive ions surrounded by free electrons can be treated as
neutral plasma. Let 'N' be the number density of free electrons, each of mass 'm'. When the
electrons are subjected to an electric field, they are displaced relatively away from the heavy
positive ions. If the electric field becomes zero, the electrons begin to oscillate about the positive
ions with a natural angular frequency ' p ' which is called the plasma frequency. To sustain the

oscillations, a time varying electric field needs to be applied that has an angular frequency  ,
where a part of the energy is absorbed and a part of it is reflected. As  approaches p all the

free electrons are set to resonance together and all the energy is reflected. This is the explanation
of high reflectivity of metals.
Taking the electronic charge as 'e' and the permittivity as ′  0 ′. Use dimensional analysis to

determine the correct expression for p . [JEE-2011]

Ne m 0 Ne 2 m 0
(A) (B) (C) (D)
m 0 Ne m 0 Ne 2

7. The density of a solid ball is to be determined in an experiment. The diameter of the ball is measured
with a screw gauge, whose pitch is 0.5 mm and there are 50 divisions on the circular scale. The

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Pg. No. 3

reading on the main scale is 2.5 mm and that on the circular scale is 20 divisions. If the measured
mass of the ball has a relative error of 2%, the relative percentage error in the density is [JEE- 2011]
(A) 0.9% (B) 2.4% (C) 3.1% (D) 4.2%
 4MLg 
8. In the determination of Young’s modules  Y  by using Searle’s method, a wire of
  ld 2 
length L=2 m and diameter d= 0.5 mm is used. For a load M = 2.5 kg, an extension  = 0.25
mm in the length of the wire is observed. Quantities d and  are measured using a screw gauge
and a micrometer, respectively. They have the same pitch of 0.5 mm. The number of division on
their circular scale is 100. The contributions to the maximum probable error of the Y
measurement [JEE–2012]
(A) Due to the errors in the measurements of d and  are the same.
(B) Due to the error in the measurement of d is twice that due to the error in the measurement of 
(C) Due to the error in the measurement of  is twice that due to the error in the measurement of d
(D) Due to the error in the measurement of d is four times that due to the error in the
measurement of  .
9. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :
List I List II [JEE- 2013]
P. Boltzmann constant 1. [ML2T-1]
Q. Coefficient of viscosity 2. [ML-1T-1]
R. Planck constant 3. [MLT-3K-1]
S. Thermal conductivity 4. [ML2T-2K-1]
Code :
P Q R S
(A) 3 1 2 4
(B) 3 2 1 4
(C) 4 2 1 3
(D) 4 1 2 3
10. The diameter of a cylinder is measured using a vernier callipers with no zero error. It is found
that the zero of the vernier scale lies between 5.10 cm and 5.15 cm of the main scale. The
vernier scale has 50 divisions equivalent to 2.45 cm. The 24th division of the Vernier scale
exactly coincides with one of the main scale divisions. The diameter of the cylinder is
[JEE-2013]
(A) 5.112 cm (B) 5.124 cm (C) 5.136 cm (D) 5.148 cm

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11. To find the distance d over which a signal can be seen clearly in foggy conditions, a railways
engineer uses dimensional analysis and assumes that the distance depends on the mass density ρ
of the fog, intensity (power/area) S of the light from the signal and its frequency f. The engineer
finds that d is proportional to S1/n. The value of n is [JEE- 2014]
12. During Searle’s experiment, zero of the Vernier scale lies between 3.20  10-2 m and 3.25  10-2
m of the main scale. The 20th division of the Vernier scale exactly coincides with one of the main
scale divisions. When an additional load of 2 kg is applied to the wire, the zero of the Vernier
scale still lies between 3.20  10-2 m and 3.25  10-2 m of the main scale but now the 45th
division of Vernier scale coincides with one of the main scale divisions. The length of the thin
metallic wire is 2 m and its cross-sectional area is 8  10-7 m2. The least count of the Vernier
scale is 1.0  10-5 m. The maximum percentage error in the Young’s modulus of the wire is
[JEE-2014]
13. To find the distance d over which a signal can be seen clearly in foggy conditions, a railways
engineer uses dimensional analysis and assumes that the distance depends on the mass
density  of the fog, intensity (power/area) S of the light from the signal and its frequency f.
The engineer finds that d is proportional to S1/n. The value of n is [JEE-2014]
14. Planck’s constant h, speed of light c and gravitational constant G are used to form a unit of
length L and a unit of mass M. Then the correct option(s) is (are) [JEE- 2015]

(A) M  c (B) M  G (C) L  h (D) L  G

15. The energy of a system as a function of time t is given as E(t)  A 2 ( t) , where   0.2s 1 .
The measurement of A has an error of 1.25 %. If the error in the measurement of time is 1.50 %,
the percentage error in the value of E(t) at t = 5 s is [JEE- 2015]
16. Consider a Vernier callipers in which each 1 cm on the main scale is divided into 8 equal
divisions and a screw gauge with 100 divisions on its circular scale. In the vernier callipers, 5
divisions of the Vernier scale coincide with 4 divisions on the main scale and in the screw
gauge, one complete rotation of the circular scale moves it by two divisions on the linear scale.
Then: [JEE - 2015]
(A) If the pitch of the screw gauge is twice the least count of the Vernier callipers, the least
count of the screw gauge is 0.01 mm.
(B) If the pitch of the screw gauge is twice the least count of the Vernier callipers, the least
count of the screw gauge is 0.005 mm.
(C) If the least count of the linear scale of the screw gauge is twice the least count of the Vernier
callipers, the least count of the screw gauge is 0.01 mm.

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Pg. No. 5

(D) If the least count of the linear scale of the screw gauge is twice the least count of the
Vernier callipers, the least count of the screw gauge is 0.005 mm.
17. The energy of a system as a function of time t is given as E(t) = A2exp ( t ), where   0.2 s 1 .
The measurement of A has an error of 1.25%. If the error in the measurement of time is 1.50%,
the percentage error in the value of E(t) at t = 5s is [JEE- 2015]
18. In terms of potential difference V, electric current I, permittivity 0, permeability 0 and speed of
light c, the dimensionally correct equation(s) is(are) [JEE- 2015]
(A) 0 I 2   0 V 2 (B)  0 I  0 V (C) I   0 cV (D) 0 cI   0 V
19. There are two Vernier calipers both of which have 1 cm divided into 10 equal divisions on the
main scale. The Vernier scale of one of the calipers(C1) has 10 equal divisions that correspond
to 9 main scale divisions. The Vernier scale of the other caliper(C2) has 10 equal divisions that
correspond to 11 main scale divisions. The readings of the two calipers are shown in the figure.
The measured values ( in cm) by calipers C1 and C2, respectively, are [JEE - 2016]

(A) 2.85 and 2.82 (B) 2.87 and 2.83 (C) 2.87 and 2.86 (D) 2.87 and 2.87
20. In an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity g, the formula used for the time
7( R  r )
period motion is T = 2 . The values of R and r are measured to be (60  1) mm and
5g

(10  1) mm, respectively. In five successive measurements, the time period is found to be 0.52
s, 0.56 s, 0.57 s, 0.54 s and 0.59 s. The least count of the watch used for the measurement of
time period is 0.01 s. Which of the following statements(s ) is(are) true? [JEE- 2016]
(A) The error in the measurement of r is 10%
(B) The error in the measurement of T is 3.57%
(C) The error in the measurement of T is 2%
(D) The error in the determined of g is 11%
21. A length-scale (l) depends on the permittivity (  ) of a dielectric material, Boltzmann constant
(kB), the absolute temperature (T), the number per unit volume (n) of certain charged particles,

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 Pg. No. 6

and the charge (q) carried by each of the particles. Which of the following expression(s) for I
is(are) dimensionally correct ? [JEE-2016]

 nq 2  k T 
(A) l    (B) l   b2 
  k bT   nq 

 q2   q2 
(C) l   2 3  (D) l   2 3 
  n / k BT    n / k BT 
22. A person measures the depth of a well by measuring the time interval between dropping a stone
and receiving the sound of impact with the bottom of the well. The error in his measurement of
time is  T  0.01 seconds and he measures the depth of the well to be L=20 metres. Take the
acceleration due to gravity g=10 ms-2 and the velocity of sound is 300 ms-1. Then the fractional
error in the measurement, L/L, is closest to [JEE- 2017]
(A) 0.2% (B) 1% (C) 3% (D) 5%

Paragraph for Q.23 and Q.24

In electromagnetic theory, the electric and magnetic phenomena are related to each other.
Therefore, the dimensions of electric and magnetic quantities must also be related to each other.
In the questions below, [E] and [B] stand for dimensions of electric and magnetic fields
respectively, while  0  and  0  stand for dimensions of the permittivity and permeability of

free space respectively. [L] and [T] are dimensions of length and time respectively. All the
quantities are given in SI units.
23. The relation between [E] and [B] is [JEE- 2018]

(A)  E    B LT  (B)  E    B  L T 

1

(C)  E    B  LT 
1
(D)  E    B  L  T 1 
1

24. The relation between  0  and  0  is [JEE- 2018]

(A)  0    0  L  T  (B)  0    0  L  T 
2 2 2 2

(C)  0    0   L  T  (D)  0    0   L T 
1 2 2 1 2 2

Paragraph for Q.25 and Q.26

If the measurement errors in all the independent quantities are known, then it is possible to
determine the error in any dependent quantity. This is done by the use of series expansion and

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Pg. No. 7

truncating the expansion at the first power of the error. For example, consider the relation z=x/y.
If the errors in x, y and z are x, y and z, respectively, then [JEE- 2018]
1
x   x x  x   y 
z  z   1   1  
y  y y  x  y 
1
 y 
The series expansion for 1   , to first power in y / y, is 1   y / y  . The relative errors in
 y 
independent variables are always added. So the error in z will be
 x y 
z  z   
 x y 
The above derivation makes the assumption that x / x  1, y / y  1 . Therefore, the higher
powers of these quantities are neglected.
1  a 
25. Consider the ratio r  to be determined by measuring a dimensionless quantity a. If the
1 a
error in the measurement of a is a  a / a  1 , then what is the error r in determining r?

a 2 a 2 a 2 a a
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1  a 
2
1  a 
2
1  a 2  1  a 2 
26. In an experiment the initial number of radioactive nuclei is 3000. It is found that 100  40 nuclei
decayed in the first 1.0 s. For | x | 1 . ln(1  x)  x up to first power in x. The error  , in the

determination of the decay constant  , in s 1 , is

(A) 0.04 (B) 0.03 (C) 0.02 (D) 0.01
27. Let us consider a system of units in which mass and angular momentum are dimensionless. If
length has dimension of L, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? [JEE-2019]
(A) The dimension of force is [L]3 (B) The dimension of power is [L]5

(C) The dimension of energy is [L]2 (D) The dimension of linear momentum is [L]1
28. An optical bench has 1.5 m long scale having four equal divisions in each cm. While measuring
the focal length of a convex lens, the lens is kept at 75 cm mark of the scale and the object pin is
kept at 45 cm mark. The image of the object pin on the other side of the lens overlaps with
image pin that is kept at 135 cm mark. In this experiment, the percentage error in the
measurement of the focal length of the lens is .............. [JEE-2019]
29. Sometimes it is convenient to construct a system of units so that all quantities can be expressed
in terms of only one physical quantity. In one such system, dimensions of different quantities are

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 Pg. No. 8

given in terms of a quantity X as follows: [position]=  X   ; [speed]=  X   ; [acceleration]=

 X p  ; [linear momentum] =  X q  ; [force]= [Xr]. Then [JEE- 2020]

(A)   p  2 (B) p  q  r   (C) p  q  r   (D) p  q  r  

     
30.  
A physical quantity S is defined as S  E  B /  0 , where E is electric field, B is magnetic

field and 0 is the permeability of free space. The dimensions of S are the same as the
dimensions of which of the following quantity(ies)? [JEE- 2021]
Energy Force Energy Power
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Charge × Current Length  Time Volume Area
31. The smallest division on the main scale of a Vernier calipers is 0.1 cm. Ten divisions of the
Vernier scale correspond to nine divisions of the main scale. The figure below on the left shows
the reading of this calipers with no gap between its two jaws. The figure on the right shows the
reading with a solid sphere held between the jaws. The correct diameter of the sphere is
[JEE-2022]

(A) 3.07 cm (B) 3.11 cm (C) 3.15 cm (D) 3.17 cm

32. In a particular system of units, a physical quantity can be expressed in terms of the electric
1
charge e, electron mass me , Planck’s constant h, and Coulomb’s constant k  , where 0
4 0
is the permittivity of vacuum. In terms of these physical constants, the dimension of the

 B    e  me   h   k 
 
 
magnetic field is . The value of        is ________. [JEE- 2022]

33. Area of the cross-section of a wire is measured using a screw gauge. The pitch of the main scale
is 0.5 mm. The circular scale has 100 divisions and for one full rotation of the circular scale, the
main scale shifts by two divisions. The measured readings are listed below. [JEE-2022]
Measurement condition Main scale reading Circular scale reading
Two arms of gauge touching 0 division 4 division
each other without wire
4 division 20 division

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4 division 16 division
What are the diameter and cross-sectional area of the wire measured using the screw gauge?
(A) 2.22  0.02 mm,  1.23  0.02  mn 2 (B) 2.22  0.01mm,  1.23  0.01 mn 2

(C) 2.14  0.02 mm,  1.14  0.02  mn 2 (D) 2.14  0.01mm,  1.14  0.01 mn 2

34. Young's modulus of elasticity Y is expressed in terms of three derived quantities, namely, the
gravitational constant G, Planck's constant ℎ and the speed of light c, as Y  c hG  . Which of
the following is the correct option? [JEE-2023]
(A)   7,   1,   2 (B)   7,   1,   2
(C)   7,   1,   2 (D)   7,   1,   2
35. In an experiment of determination of the focal length of a thin convex lens, the distance of the
object from the lens is 10  0.1cm and the distance of its real image from the lens is the
is 20  0.2cm . The error in the determination of focal length of the lens is n%. The value of n is
______. [JEE-2023]

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 Pg. No. 10

1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (AC)

6. (C) 7. (C) 8. (A) 9. (C) 10. (B)
11. (3) 12. (4) 13. (3) 14. (C) 15. (4)
16. (BC) 17. (7) 18. (AC) 19. (B) 20. (C)
21. (BD) 22. (B) 23. (C) 24. (D) 25. (B)
26. (C) 27. (ACD) 28. (1.38) 29. (AB) 30. (BD)
31. (C) 32. (4) 33. (C) 34. (A) 35. (1)

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