1 (a) State the two conditions which must be true for an object to be in equilibrium.

[2]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a uniform metre rule PQ in equilibrium.

The distance PQ is 100 cm. The mass of the metre rule is 0.12 kg and its weight is
W.

(i) On Fig 2.1, draw and label:

1. an arrow to show the force W acting on PQ at the centre of mass

2. an arrow to show the force R acting on PQ at the pivot. [2]

(ii) By taking moments about the pivot, calculate F. [2]

(iii) Calculate R. [2]

2 A scientist finds that the temperature of the water at the bottom of waterfalls is
greater than the temperature of the water at the tops of those waterfalls.

(a) (i) State the type of energy that falling water has because of its motion. [1]
(ii) In one waterfall, the water falls 300 m.

Calculate the decrease in the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of 1.0 kg of water
as it falls through this distance. [2]

(b) A lift (elevator) in a high building transports 12 passengers, each of mass 65 kg,
through a vertical height of 150 m in a time of 64 s.

(i) Calculate the power needed to transport the passengers through this height. [3]

(ii) The lift (elevator) is driven by an electric motor.

State a reason, other than friction, why the power supplied by the motor is greater
than the power needed to transport the passengers. [2]

3 (a) X and Y are liquid-in-glass thermometers. The scale of each thermometer starts
at 0 °C.

X has a large range, good linearity and high sensitivity.

Y has a small range, poor linearity and low sensitivity.

Explain what is meant by, [3]

(i) the difference in their ranges,

(ii) the difference in their linearities,

(iii) the difference in their sensitivities.

(a) In the space below, draw a simple labelled diagram of the apparatus used to
demonstrate Brownian motion. [2]

(b) State what is observed. [1]

(c) Explain what is observed in terms of molecules. [2]

4 (a) State the type of electromagnetic radiation

(i) used in luggage security checks at airports,

(ii) used by remote controls for TV sets. [2]

(b) (i) The electromagnetic waves used in a microwave oven have a frequency of
2.45 × 109 Hz.

The speed of the waves is 3.00 × 108 m / s.

Calculate the wavelength of the waves. [2]

Fig. represents wavefronts of a water wave on the surface of water approaching a

gap in a barrier.
(c) The wavefronts to the right of the barrier spread out as far as the dashed lines in
Fig.

(i) State the name of the process of spreading out. [1]

(ii) Draw four wavefronts to the right of the barrier. [2]

(iii) State the effect of increasing the width of the gap in the barrier. [1]

[Total: 8]

6 (a) Explain what is meant by

(i) total internal reflection. [1]

(ii) critical angle. [1]

(b) Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of light, travelling in air, incident on a glass prism.
(i) The speed of light in air is 3.0 × 108 m / s. Its speed in the glass is 2.0 × 108 m / s.

Calculate the refractive index of the glass. [2]

(ii) Show that the critical angle for the glass-air boundary is 42°. [1]

(iii) On Fig. draw carefully, without calculation, the continuation of the ray through
the prism and into the air. [3]

[Total: 8]
7 (a) Describe what is meant by the term electric field. [1]

(b) Fig. 9.1 shows two parallel conducting plates connected to a battery.
On Fig. draw five lines to show the electric field pattern between the two plates. [2]

(c) When fully charged, a 1.2 V rechargeable battery can deliver a current of 210 mA
for 10 hours.

(i) Calculate the charge that can be delivered by the fully charged battery. [3]

(ii) Calculate the energy stored in the battery when fully charged. [2]

[Total: 8]

8 Fig. shows a simple electric motor with a single rectangular coil between magnetic
poles X and Y.
(a) (i) Add labels to the empty boxes to the right of Fig. to identify the parts
indicated. [2]

(ii) The coil rotates in a clockwise direction when viewed from point P.

State which of the magnetic poles, X or Y, is the N-pole. [1]

(b) (i) Suggest two changes that cause the motor to spin faster. [2]

(ii) State the effect on the motor of reversing the connections to the battery. [1]

(c) The battery in Fig. is replaced with a resistor. The coil is made to rotate by an
external mechanism.

Explain why there is a current in the resistor. [2]

[Total: 8]
10 (a) (i) Fig. shows the symbol for a logic gate and its truth table.

State the name of this logic gate. [1]

(ii) Complete the truth table for the logic gate shown in Fig. [2]

(b) Fig. 11.3 shows the system of logic gates used to ensure the security of the
strongroom of a
bank.

The strongroom door will only open when the output F is logic 1.
Complete the table to show the logic states at A, B, C, D and E when the strongroom
door can be opened. [3]
(c) Fig. shows a circuit.

Component A is not emitting light. It only emits light when the p.d. across it is greater
than 1 V.

(i) A change to the environment around component B causes component A to emit

light.

State the environmental change. [2]

(3 lines)

[Total: 8]