THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

TUTORIAL SHEET 4: MA110-Mathematical Methods 2015

1. Factorise these expressions completely:

(i) 4 x+ 8 (ii) 10 y 2−5 y (iii) 12 x2 y +8 x y 2 (iv) 6 ab−2 a b2
2. Factorise
(i) x 2+ 8 x+12 (ii) 3 x 2+ 10 x −8 (iii) 9 x 2−25 y 2 (iv) 2 x 2−50
3 .Solve quadratic equations using factorization
(i) 4 x 2−16 x+15=0 , (ii) x 2−4 x−12=0 (iii) x 2+ 5 x + 4=0
4. Solve quadratic equations by completing the square.
(i) 2 x 2+ 2 x +5=0 (ii) 5 x 2+ 1=2 x (iii) 10=3 x− x2 (iv) 4 x 2−x=8
5. Solve the following quadratic equations by using the quadratic formula, giving the solutions in
Surd form. Simplify your answers
(i) 5 x 2+ 2 x +1=0 (ii) 7 x 2+ 9 x+1=0 (iii) 4 x 2−7 x=2 (iv) 25 n2−30 n=−9
6. Sketch the graphs of the following equations
(i) y=x 2 +3 x+ 2 (ii) y=− x2 +6 x +7 (iii) f ( x )=−x2 +2 x+ 5

(iv) f ( x )=2 x 2 +2 x +5
7. Solve the following pairs of simultaneous equations:
(i) x + y=6 , x 2 + y 2=26 (ii) x +2 y=7 , x 2−4 x + y 2=1
x y 3 2 3 x y 16 3
(iii) − =1 , + = (iv) − =1 , + =3
3 2 x y 2 4 3 x y
8. a) Given that for all values of x :
3 x 2+ 12 x +5= p ¿ Find the values of p , q and r
b) Find, as surds, the roots of the equation:
2( x +1¿ ( x−4 )−¿
c) The equation p x 2−2 ( p+3 ) x + p−1=0 has real roots. What is the range of values
of p?
d) Find the values of k if the equation x 2+ ( k−2 ) x +10−k=0 has equal roots
e) What is the largest value m can have if the roots of 3 x 2−4 x+ m=0arereal ?
f) Show that the equation a 2 x 2+ ax +1=0 can never have real roots .
i) If the equation x 2−( p−2 ) x +1= p ( x−2 ) is satisfied by only one value of x ,
What are the possible values of p
J ) What type of roots does the equation 5 x 2−3 x+1=0 have ?
k) i) For what values of k will the x−¿ axis be a tangent to the curve
 f ( x )=k x2 + ( 1+k ) x +k
ii) With these values, find the equations of the curve
−b ± √ b2−4 ac
9. Show that the solution of a x 2 +bx +c=0 are x=
2a
10. a) Determine the nature of the curves ,find the turning point and sketch the following
( i) y=−2+ 2 x−x 2 (ii) f ( x )=2 x 2−3 x−4 (iii) f ( x )=x 2 +2 x−3
(iv) f ( x )=5−2 x−4 x 2

b) If the minimum values of x 2+ 4 x +k is −7 , find the value of k .

c) The function f ( x )=a x2 +bx + c has a maximum value of 4 where x=−1.

Find the value of a and b

d) The function f ( x )=1+ bx+ a x2 has a maximum value of 4 where x=−1.

Find the value of a and b

1 1
e) The function f ( x )=¿ a x 2 +bx +c has a minimum value of −5 where x= .
4 4
and f ( 0 )=−5 .Find the values of a , b and c.

f) Complete the square for the following quadratic equations. In each case, state whether the
function will have a greatest or least value, and the value of x where it occurs
2
(i) 1−x−x (ii) x 2−3 x+ 1 (iii) 1−3 x−2 x 2 (iv) −2−3 x−6 x 2

g) Express 5−x−2 x 2 in the form a−b ( x+ c)2 and hence or otherwise find its
maximum value and the value of x where this occurs

11. a) If the roots of the equation −2 x 2+2 x−7=0 are γ andδ , write down an equation
2 2
whose roots are and
γ δ
b) The roots of the equation x 2− px−7=0 are ∝ and β , write down in terms of p
an equation whose roots are ∝2+ p ∝2 and β 2+ p β 2
c) The roots of the equation 2 x 2+6 x−15=0 are ∝ and β . Find the value of
1 1
(i) ( ∝+ β ) (β+ 1) (ii) ∝2 β +∝ β 2 (iii) ¿ (iv) +
2∝+ β ∝+2 β
1 1 1 1
(v) 2 + 2 (vi) 2 + 2
∝ +1 β +1 ∝ β
d) If ∝ and β are the roots of the equation x 2+ 4 x +5=0 , evaluate
1 1 ∝ β
(i) ∝2+ β2 (ii) ∝4 + β 4 (iii) 3
− 3 (iv) +
∝ β β α
1 1 1 1
(v) ∝6 + β 6 (vi) 2
+ 2 (vii) 2 + 2
∝ β αβ βα
−b
e) if α and β are the roots of a x 2 +bx +c=0 , Show that α + β= and
a
 that αβ =
c
. Hence show that ∝
2
+ β
2
=
2
b −2 ac
and that α −β= √ b2−4 ac
a a
2
a
f) if α and β are the roots of 3 x 2+ 2 x +5=0, Find new equations with the roots

1 1 α β 1 1
(i) 3 α ,3 β (ii) , (iii) , (iv) 3
, 3
α β β α α β

POLYNOMIALS

1. a) Find the remainder when

i) 4 x3 −5 x 2 +7 x +1 is divided by (x−2)
ii) x 3 +2 x 2−x−1 is divided by 3 x+ 2
iii) x 3−20 x +3 is divided by (x−4)
iv) −2 n4 + 2n 2−n−5 is divided by (n+ 2)

2. Express each of the following polynomials in the form f ( x )=g ( x ) q ( x ) +r (x ) where q (x) is
the quotient and r (x ) is the remainder when the polynomial f (x) is the dividend
and g ( x ) is the divisor
i) 5+6 x +7 x 2−x 3 is divided by x +1
ii) 9 x 3 +4 is divided by 3 x+ 2
iii) x 4 −3 x 2 + x +1 is divided by (x−1)
iv) x 3−8 is divided by x−2
3. Using synthetic division find the quotient and the remainder when
i) x 3−2 x 2+ 9 is divided by (x +2)
ii) x 4 −2 x 3−3 x 2−4 x−8 is divided by (i) x +1 (ii) x−2
iii) 8 x 3−10 x 2+7 x +3 is divided by 2 x−1
iv) 5 x 6−x 3−1 is divided by x +1
v) 4 x7 +3 is divided by x−3
4. Use the Rational root theorem to solve the following equations
i) x 3−4 x 2+ 8=0
ii) x 3−10 x−12=0
iii) 2 x5 −5 x 4 + x 3+ x 2−x +6=0
iv) x 4 −3 x 3 +2 x 2+2 x−4=0
v) x 4 +3 x−2=0
vi) x 5 +2 x 4 −2 x3 +5 x 2−2 x−3=0
5. Verify that the following equations have no Rational solutions.
i) x 4 −x3 −8 x2 −3 x +1=0
ii) x 4 +3 x−2=0
iii)2 x 4−3 x 3 +6 x 2−24 x +5=0
iv) 3 x 4−4 x 3−10 x 2+ 3 x−4=0
6. Find f ( c ) either by using synthetic division and the remainder theorem or by evaluating f (c )
directly
6 3
i ¿ f ( x )=5 x −x −1∧c =−1
 ii) f ( x )=4 x 7 +3∧c=3
iii) f ( n )=−2 n4 + 2n n−n−5∧c=−2
iv) f ( t )=5 t 5−8 t 2+ 9 t−4∧c=−5
7. Use the factor theorem to answer the following
i) is x−2 a factor of 3 x 2−4 x−4 ?
ii) is −3 a factor of 2 x 3−3 x 2−10 x+ 3 ?
iii) is x−3 a factor of x 4 −81 ?
iv) is x−2 a factor of x 3−8?
8. Use synthetic division to show that g(x ) is a factor of f ( x ) and complete the factorization of
f (x)
i) g ( x )=x+ 2; f ( x )=x 3+7 x 2 + 4 x−12
ii) g ( x )=x+ 1; f ( x ) =x 3−2 x 2−7 x −4
iii) g ( x )=x−3; f ( x )=6 x 3 −17 x2−5 x +6
iv) g ( x )=x−5 ; f ( x )=2 x 3 + x 2−61 x +30

9 i) Let g ( x )=x 3+ a x 2+3 x +6. Given g (−1 )=2 , Find the remainder when g(x ) is
divided by ( 3 x−2 ) .

ii) The expression 3 x 3+ 2 x 2− px +q is divided by (x−1) but leaves a remainder of 10

when divided by (x +1). Find the values of a∧b .
iii) Solve the equation x 3−7 x +6=0 . Hence state the solution of the equation
( x−2 )2−7 ( x −2 )+ 6=0
iv) Find the remainder in terms of p when x3 + p x 2−x−2 is divided by x +3

10. Factorize each of the following polynomials

i) x 3−2 x 2−5 x +6
ii) 3 x 3+ 2 x 2−3 x−2
iii) x 4 −1
iv) x 3−10 x−12
11. Find the value(s) of k that makes the second polynomial a factor of the first
i) x 3−k x 2 +5 x+ k ; x −2
ii) k x 3 +19 x2 + x−6 ; x +3
iii) k 2 x 4 +3 k x 2−4 ; x−1
iv) x 3 +4 x 2−11 x +k ; x +2
12A) . i) Verify that x− y is a factor of x n− y n whenever n is a positive integer.
ii)Verify that x + y is a factor of x n− y n whenever n is an even positive integer.
iii)Verify that x + y is a factor of x n + y n whenever n is an odd positive integer.
iv) Verify that x−1 is a factor of x n−1 for all positive integral values of n .
13. The remainder and factor theorem are true for any complex value of c .
Find f ( c )
a) by using synthetic division and the remainder theorem and
b) by evaluating f (c ) directly.
3 2
i) f ( x )=x −5 x +2 x+1 and c=i
 ii) f ( x )=x 3 +2 x 2+ x −2 and c=2−3 i
2
iii) f ( x )=x + 4 x−2 and c=1+i
c) I) Show that x−2 i is a factor of f ( x )=x 4+ 6 x+ 8
ii) Show that x +3 i is a factor of f ( x )=x 4+ 14 x 2+ 45

3 2 3
14. Given that 2 x −7 x +7 x −5= A (x −1) +Bx ( x−1)+C for all values of x, find the values
of A, B and C.
LINEAR, QUADRATIC AND RATIONAL INEQUALITIES AND
EQUATIONS
1. Solve each of the following equations

3 x −1 x−3 1 2t−3 3 t−2 5 t+6 2 x +7 x−7

i) + = ii) + + =4 iii) −4=
2 4 2 6 4 12 9 12

2 n−3 2n+ 1
iv) n+ −2=
9 3
2. Solve each of the following equations
2
3x x 6 20 5 4 x x −2
i) −4= ii) + 2 = iii) + = 2
2 x−1 2 x−1 x+3 x + x−6 x −2 x−2 x +1 x −x−2
3 1 5
iv) − =
x+3 x−2 2 x+6
3. Solve each of the following equations
2
n 1 n −n−3 3y 2 y
i) + = 2 ii) 2
+ 2 = 2
2n−3 n−3 2 n −9 n+ 9 y + y−6 y + 4 y +3 y − y −2

4 n+10 3 n+1 2 −1 2 x−4 5

iii) − 2 = 2 iv) + =
2
2n −n−6 2n −5 n+2 4 n + 4 n−3 2 x−5 4 x 2−25 6 x +15
4. Solve each of the following equations
3
i)√
3
2 x +3+3=0 ii) n−2=n−3 iii) x 2 =4 x iv) √ 1+2 √ x= √ x +1

v) √ 2 x −1−√ x+3=1 vi) p= √−4 p+17+3 vii) √ −2 x−7+ √ x+ 9= √ 8−x

viii)√ x−2− √ 2 x−11=√ x−5 ix) √ 7 n+23−√ 3 n+ 7=2 x) x 4 −25 x 2 +144=0

2 1
xi) 2 n4 −9 n2 + 4=0 xii) x 3 + x 3 −2=0 xiii) 12 t −2−17 t −1−5=0
 2 1
xiv) x−2 +4 x−1−12=0 xv) x 3 + 3 x 3 −10=0 xvi) 2 x−11 √ x+12=0

xvii) x +3 √ x−10=0
5. Solve each of the following inequalities.
4 x−3 2 x −1 2 4 x+ 3 x x−1 x+2
i) + > ii) −3 ≤ ≤ 1 iii) − ≥ −4 iv)
6 12 15 2 2 5 10
5−3 x 1
−2 ≤ ≤
4 2
7−x
v) 3≥ ≥1
2

6. Find the set of values of x for which

2
i) 2 x−3<5 ii) 5 x +6 ≤−12−x iii) x (5−x ) ≥ 3+ x−x

iv) 2(x−5)≥3 (4−x ) v) 1+11(2−x)<10 (x−4 )

7. Find the set of values of x for which
i) 3( x−2 ¿> x−4 and 4 x+12> 2 x +17
ii) 15−x<2 (11−x ) and 5(3 x−1 ¿>12 x+19
iii) 3 x+ 8 ≤20 and 2( 3 x−7 ) ≥ x+ 6
8. Find the set of values of x for which
2
i ¿ x −11 x +24 <0 ii) x 2+ 7 x+12 ≥ 0 iii) 11< x 2 +10

vi) x (x +11)< 3(1−x 2 )

9. Find the set of values of x for which
2
i ¿ x ¿ −7 x +10<0 and 3 x+ 5<17
ii ¿ 4 x −3 x−1< 0 and4 ( x+ 2 )< 15−(x+7)
2

iii ¿ x −x−6 >0 and 10−2 x< 5

2

2 2
iv ¿ x −2 x−3<0 and x −3 x+ 2> 0
10 .Solve each of the following inequalities, expressing the set of solution sets in interval
notation.
x +2 3 x +2 x 1 1
i) ≤0 ii) >0 iii) >2 iv) < v)
x+ 4 x−1 x−1 x−2 x +3
2 3
>
x+1 x−4

t−1 n x−1
v) ≤2 vi) ≥3 vi) >2
t−5 n+2 x+ 2

11. Solve each of the following equations

 i) | |3
k −1 | | 1 2
=4 ii ¿ x + =
4 5
iii) |3 x−1|=|2 x+3|

iv) |−4 n+5|=|−3 n−5| v) |−2 n+1|=|−3 n−1|

−2
| |
vi) n+3 =5 vii)

12. Solve each of the following inequalities, expressing the set of solution sets in
interval
notation
i) |x|≥ 4 ii) |2 x−1|≤ 7 iii) |t−3|>5 iv ¿|x−1|+ 2< 4
v) |x +4|−1> 1 vi) | |
x +1
x−4
<3 vii) | |
x+ 4
x−5
≥3 viii)
n+2
n
≥4| |
ix¿|k +2k |> 4 x) |x +1| +|x−2| ≤ 5 |
xi) 2
x +1
x +2 x +2 |
≤
1
2

xii) | x−1
x−4 |
<2 xiii) 2 x−x 2 ≥|x−1|−1 xiii) |3 x +1|<|4−2 x|

13 On the same diagram, draw the graphs of y=|3 x| and y=| x−3| for the domain −2 ≤ x ≤3.
Hence solve the equation |3 x|=| x−3|.

14. The range of the function y=| x−1| is 0 ≤ y ≤ 3. Find a possible domain. What is the
Widest Possible domain?

15 .Redefine each of the following modulus functions by removing the modulus, hence sketch

the graph of each function:

i) f ( x )=−2|5 x−4|ii ¿ h ( x )=|3 x +1|+|2 x−3| ( iii ) k ( x )=|2 x −1|−|x +2|

16. Sketch the following modulus functions and determine their domain and range
i) f ( x )=|2 x−1|+3 ii) f ( x )=| x 2+5 x +4|−2 iii) f ( x )=|−3 x2 −2 x +1|+1
iv) f ( x )=| x 2+ x−6|−3 v) f ( x )=|−x 2+2 x +5|−¿1 vi) f ( x )=|−3 x+1|+ 1