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LECTURE 4B - Design of Short Columns

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22 views12 pages

LECTURE 4B - Design of Short Columns

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2249480
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Design of Short columns

Depending on the degree of eccentricity of the loading, short columns are


divided into three categories:
(i) short braced axially loaded columns
(ii) short braced supporting an approximately symmetrical arrangement of
beams
(iii) short columns resisting moments and axial forces.

When the loading is perfectly axial, the ultimate load resistance is given by
the equation

𝑁𝑁 = 0.45𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 + 0.95𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠

Where 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 is the net area of the concrete, and 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 is the area of the
longitudinal reinforcement.
Axially Loaded Short columns
When the loading is perfectly axial, the ultimate load resistance is given by
the equation
𝑁𝑁 = 0.45𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 + 0.95𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
Where 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 is the net area of the concrete, and 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 is the area of the
longitudinal reinforcement. 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 and 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 are concrete and steel strength
respectively.

For rectangular section, and with a provision for minor eccentricity, and
accounting for the area of concrete displaced by the longitudinal
reinforcement, the above equation modifies to
𝑁𝑁 = 0.40𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (0.80𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 − 0.4𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 )
Worked example 1
Design the longitudinal reinforcement for a 300mm square column which
supports an axial load of 1700kN at the ultimate limit state. The characteristic
material strengths are 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 460𝑁𝑁/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 for the reinforcement and 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =
30𝑁𝑁/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 for the concrete.

Solution:
Using the equation for axially loaded column,
𝑁𝑁 = 0.4𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (0.80𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 − 0.4𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 )

1700 × 103 = 0.4 × 30 × 3002 + 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 0.8 × 460 − 0.4 × 30


𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 1741𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
Use Table 5 (previous lecture notes) to select the required number of bars.
Provide four T25 bars, area = 1963mm2 .
Classwork
A typical cross-section of a concentrically loaded short column is shown in the
figure below. The column is reinforced longitudinally with 8 -T30 bars and
T10 ties at 300mm spacing. The concrete and steel material strength are
given as 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 25𝑁𝑁/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 and 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 450𝑁𝑁/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 . Find the axial load
resistance for this column.
T10 ties @300mm
8 T30
Short columns resisting moments and
axial forces
For these types of columns, the area of longitudinal steel reinforcement can
be determined using three approaches:
(i) Design charts
(ii) Solution to basic design equations
(iii) Approximate method

Design charts are suited for columns having a rectangular or circular cross-
section, and a symmetrical arrangement of reinforcement.

The basic equations or the approximate methods can be used when an


unsymmetrical arrangement of reinforcement is required, or when the cross-
section is non-rectangular.
Short columns resisting moments and
axial forces – Design Equations
For a section subjected to bending and axial load, the design equations for
ultimate load resistance and moment are given as:
Use of Design Charts
Design charts have been developed for design of short columns with
symmetrical arrangement of reinforcement, for rectangular or circular cross
section. The charts (or interaction curves);
1. Consider only moments around a single axis.
2. For rectangular columns only.
3. Strength reduction factors have already been included.
4. N is the normal force in N.
5. M is the bending moment in N∙mm.
6.b is the dimension parallel to the axis of bending in mm.
7. h is the dimension perpendicular to the axis of bending in mm.
8. Asc is the area of longitudinal reinforcement in mm2.
9. fy and fcu are expressed in MPa.
Worked example
A short braced column is subjected to an ultimate load of 750kN and an
ultimate moment of 105kNm. The section is 250mm by 350mm. Determine
the area of steel required, given the materials strength for concrete 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =
25𝑁𝑁/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 and steel 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 450𝑁𝑁/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 . Assume a 25mm diameter bars for
the main reinforcement and 10mm diameter bars for the links. Based on the
condition of exposure, required concrete cover on the links is 20mm.

Hint: Short column subjected to axial load and moment. Use design charts.
Solution
Calculate d from the dimensions of the section
h= 350mm
d= 350-20-10-12.5 = 307.5mm
dI = 20+10+12.5 = 42.5
dI/h = 42.5/350 = 0.12 (use the interaction curve with dI/h= 0.1)

N/bh =750*103/250*350 = 8.57


M/bh2 = 105*106 /250*3502 = 3.43

From the chart , 100Asc/bh = 1.6


Asc = 1.6 * 250*350/100 = 1400mm2

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