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Electronics 02

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7 views5 pages

Electronics 02

Uploaded by

AYman BOgzil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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9

2
Diode Circuit
Graphical Analysis
To simplify the analysis of a diode circuit, the circuit connected to the
diode, may be replaced by its Thevenin's Equivalent as shown in Fig.2-1

Fig. 2-1

v s could be pure DC or DC plus a large ac signal or a small ac signal.

2-1 Diode Response to DC: ( S =


v V
dc )
We can obtain the diode current and diode voltage, graphically, as
follows:
1 - Draw the actual characteristic of the diode.
2 - Use KVL around the indicated loop to find the relationship
i
between D and
v D which is the equation of a straight line, called
"Load Line":
1 V
i D =− v D + dc
R s i D + v D −V dc =0 → Rs Rs
3 - Draw the load line, superimposed on the diode characteristic, as
shown in Fig. 2-1, below, and from the intersection point (Q), of the
load line with the diode characteristic, you can obtain the diode
10

i =I DQ ) and diode voltage ( v D =V DQ ).


current ( D

Fig. 2-1

2-2 Diode Response to Large Signals:


v S = V dc +v s

Assuming that the ac-part of the signal ( v s ) is sinusoidal: (


v s =V m sin ωt ) with a relatively large magnitude, the load line will move,

during the signal variation, with the same slope(−1/ R s ) , in a parallel


manner, while the Q-point moves along the characteristic giving the
instantaneous value of the current
i D as shown in Fig. 2-2.

Fig. 2-2
11

This example shows a distortion in the waveform of diode ac-current


( i d ) because it is not identical to that of the sinusoidal waveform of the

ac-part of the signal( v s ) .


The distortion occurs because the intersection point Q moves along an
nonlinear portion of the characteristic during each period time of the ac-
signal
vs .

2-3 Diode Response to Small Signals:


v S = V dc +v s

Assuming that the ac-part of the signal ( v s ) is sinusoidal: (


v s =V m sin ωt ) with a relatively small magnitude, the load line will move,

during the signal variation, with the same slope(−1/ R s ) , in a parallel


manner, while the Q-point moves along the characteristic giving the
instantaneous value of the diode current
i D as shown in Fig. 2-3.

Fig. 2-3

This example shows that almost no distortion occurs in the waveform of


the diode ac-current( i d ) , since the amplitude
V m of the ac-part of the

source voltage ( v s ) is so small such that the Q-point moves along a linear
portion of the characteristic during each period time of the ac part of the
signal ( v s ) .
12

2-4 Problems

2-4-1 Sketch the characteristic i D = f ( v D ) of a Silicon diode with


I o =4 nA , η=2 .
Use the following current values:
i D / mA=0 , 0.1, 0.2, 1, 2 , 3, 4 , 5, 10

2-4-2 Sketch the characteristic i D = f ( v D ) of a Germanium diode


with
I o =0 .1 μA , η=1 .
Use the following current values:
i D / mA=0 , 0.1, 0.2, 1, 2 , 3, 4 , 5, 10
2-4-3 For relatively large forward diode-currents, the diode equation
can be approximated to:
v D / ηV T
iD ≈ I o ( e )

Suppose that a diode current


i D 1 is flowing through the diode,
v
at a certain moment, and then the diode-voltage D is
increased by 100 mV, so that the diode-current becomes
iD 2 .

What is then the current ratio: ( i D 2 / i D 1 ) ?.

2-4-4 Use the graphical analysis method to find D and D in the


i v
circuit of Fig. 2-4-4, if the diode has the same characteristic as
that of the diode in problem 2-4-1.

Fig. 2-4-4
13

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