PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
What comes to your mind
when you heard the word
HISTORY?
READINGS OF PHILIPPINE HISTORY
has always be known as the study of the past
the subject for its notoriety in requiring students to memorize
dates, places, names, and events from distant areas.
low appreciation of the discipline may be rooted in the shallow
understanding of history’s relevance to their lives and their
respective contexts.
it does not give justice to the complexity of the subject and its
importance to human civilization.
MEANING OF HISTORY
MEANING OF HISTORY
HISTORY was derived from the Greek
word “historia”which means knowledge
acquired through inquiry and
investigation.
As a discipline, it is defined as a
chronological record of significant
events, often including an explanation
of their causes.
A narration of the events which had
happened among mankind, including an
account of the rise and fall of the
nations, as well as of other great
changes which have affected the
political and social condition of the
human race.
MEANING OF HISTORY
- On the other side, events occuring
before written records are considered
prehistoric, an umbrella term that relates
to past events as well as the memory,
discovery, collection, organization,
presentation, and interpretation of
information about these events. Hence,
scholars who write about history are
called HISTORIANS.
- referred usually for accounts of
phenomena, especially human affairs in
chronological order.
MEANING OF HISTORY
HISTORY is a discipline or a field of
study and investigation that is primarily
concern with human activities done in the
past. This meaning can be broken down
into three dimensions
1. Focuses on human activities,
2. As a field of inquiry, and
3. Concerned with the past
MEANING OF HISTORY
HISTORY FOCUSES ON HUMAN
ACTIVITIES
This focus makes it different form
Theology, different from Myths or Legends
because they are not concerned with
human activities but lives and
undertakings of mythical creatures like
deities and supernatural entities.
Historians call this history as “quasi-
history” while these stories tells us with
their society’s “past”, they were
concerned with the affairs of nonhuman
entities like deities and mythical heroes
and heroines.
MEANING OF HISTORY
HISTORY FOCUSES ON HUMAN
ACTIVITIES
In other hand, these narratives are not
records of facts. They are just stories told
and passed in a particular society from
one generation to another which may
serve various purposes like rituals and
traditional ceremonies.
MEANING OF HISTORY
HISTORY AS A FIELD OF
INQUIRY
generally falls in the sciences,
particularly to the social sciences.
other scientific disciplines, history seeks
to answer questions.
aims to find out and make sense of
what is previously unknown.
a systematic and methodical collection
of data and evidence which in turn to
be objectively interpreted by the
historians and serves as rational
findings and conclusions.
MEANING OF HISTORY
HISTORY IS CONCERNED WITH
THE PAST
with these disciplines, despite their
usual references to historical studies
oriented in making sense of the society
at present
in some instances, prescribing answers
or solutions to pressing issues and
problems of today.
Historians seek to explain past events
and processes against a particular
historical background or context.
MEANING OF HISTORY
Theories that are constructed by historians
in investigating history;
1. Factual History 2. Speculative History
FACTUAL HISTORY - presents readers the
plain basic information.
SPECULATIVE HISTORY - it goes beyond
facts and tries to speculate on the cause
and effect of an event.
HISTORIOGRAPHY
The practice of historical writing, it is the
traditional method of doing historical
research that focus on gathering of
documents from different libraries and
archives to form a pool of evidence needed
in making descriptive or analytical narrative.
- shortly defines is as the writing of history
based on the critical examination of sources.
the selection of particular details from the
authentic materials used in those sources,
and the synthesis of the details into a
narrative that stands the test of critical
examination.
HISTORIOGRAPHY vs. HISTORY
HISTORY - the study of past events
HISTORIOGRAPHY - the study of history.
ACTIVITY 1.1
Choose a Filipino historian. Read about their
life works and analyze how their context or
background influenced the way they wrote
history. Write a short essay about the
historian and prepare to share it in class.
CLASSIFICATION OF
HISTORICAL SOURCES
CLASSIFICATION OF
HISTORICAL SOURCES
Historical sources can be classified
between the following:
PRIMARY SECONDARY
the classification of these two
categories depends on the historical
subject being studied.
CLASSIFICATION OF HISTORICAL SOURCES
PRIMARY SECONDARY
Historical sources that were produced Historical works that were written and
and created in the same period as the produced through the use of primary
historical subject being studied. sources.
Examples: archival documents, Examples: Subject of the
artifacts, memorabilia, letters, Philippine Revolution of 1896,
census, photographs, and Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt of
government records etc. the Masses: The Story of
Bonifacio and the Katipunan
published originally in 1956.
EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL
CRITICISM
In the process of studying both primary and
secondary sources, historians and students of
history need to thoroughly scrutinize these
historical sources and evidence to avoid
deception and to come up with the historical
truth. The historian should be able to
conduct these criticisms of these sources.
Criticism is especially crucial for primary
sources that could have been subjected to
different levels of deterioration because of
old age or even to forgery.
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
- a practice of verifying evidence’s
authenticity by examining its physical
characteristics, consistency with the historical
character of the time when it was supposedly
produced, and the historical source’s
materials.
- it is an essential process that a historian
should undertake, otherwise, he would
commit the mistake using illegitimate or fake
documents. Authoriship and date of
production should be established.
INTERNAL CRITICISM
- is the examination of the content of a
particular document.
- in the process, historian ought to read the
document meticulously and understand the
meaning that the document wanted to
convey.
-entails looking at the content of the source
and examining the circumstance of its
production.
- it looks at the evidence’s truthfulness by
looking at the author of the source and their
background, the document’s context, the
agenda behind its production, the knowledge
which informed it, and its intended purpose.
Validating historical sources is
essential because the use of
unverified, falsified, and
untruthful sources and evidence
can lead to equally false
conclusions. Without thorough
criticisms of historical evidence,
historical deceptions and lies will
be highly probable.
PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY
PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY
HISTORIOGRAPHY
- can be simply defined as the “history of history”
- demands that we think about how we learn and how
we are taught about the past.
- is both philosophical and scientific
Philosophical
- we think about we think, this exercises of “thinking
about thinking” can be broadly defined as philosophizing
- we specifically engage in thinking about historical
thinking.
Scientific
- scholars engaged in this topic proceed with writing the
history of history through systemic inventory and
empirical analyses of historical works.
