TEST PROBABILITY

Class 12 - Mathematics
Time Allowed: 1 hour Maximum Marks: 86

1. If A and B are any two events such that P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) = P(A), then [1]

a) P(B|A) = 1 b) P(A|B) = 1

c) P(B|A) = 0 d) P(A|B) = 0
2. If P(A|B) > P(A), then which of the following is correct : [1]

a) P(B|A) > P(B) b) P(B|A) = P(B)

c) P(A ∩ B) < P(A).P(B) d) P(B|A) < P(B)

3. If A and B are two events such that P(A) ≠ 0 and P(B|A) = 1, then [1]

a) B ⊂ A b) B = ϕ
A
c) A = ϕ d) A ⊂ B
4. Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls and Bag II contains 4 red and 5 black balls. One ball is transferred from [2]
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Bag I to Bag II and then a ball is drawn from Bag II. The ball so drawn is found to be red in colour. Find the
probability that the transferred ball is black.
5. An electronic assembly consists of two subsystems, say, A and B. From previous testing procedures, the [1]
following probabilities are assumed to be known:
P(A fails) = 0.2
P(B fails alone) = 0.15
P(A and B fail) = 0.15
Evaluate the following probabilities P(A fails alone).
6. An electronic assembly consists of two subsystems, say, A and B. From previous testing procedures, the [2]
following probabilities are assumed to be known:
P(A fails) = 0.2
P(B fails alone) = 0.15
P(A and B fail) = 0.15
Evaluate the following probabilities P(A fails|B has failed).
7. If each element of a second order determinant is either zero or one, what is the probability that the value of the [1]
determinant is positive? (Assume that the individual entries of the determinant are chosen independently, each
value being assumed with probability 1

2
).
8. Assume that the chances of a patient having a heart attack is 40%. It is also assumed that a meditation and yoga [3]
course reduce the risk of heart attack by 30% and prescription of certain drug reduces its chances by 25%. At a
time a patient can choose any one of the two options with equal probabilities. It is given that after going through

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 one of the two options the patient selected at random suffers a heart attack. Find the probability that the patient
followed a course of meditation and yoga?
9. Suppose we have four boxes A, B, C and D containing coloured marbles as given below: [5]

Box Marble colour

Red White Black

A 1 6 3
B 6 2 2
C 8 1 1
D 0 6 4

One of the boxes has been selected at random and a single marble is drawn from it. If the marble is red, what is
the probability that it was drawn from box A?, box B? box C?
10. If a leap year is selected at random, what is the chance that it will contain 53 tuesdays? [2]
11. Suppose that 90% of people are right-handed. What is the probability that at most of 6 of a random sample of 10 [2]
people are right-handed?
12. Suppose that 5% of men and 0.25% of women have grey hair. A grey haired person is selected at random. What [2]
is the probability of this person being male? Assume that there are equal number of males and females.
13. A couple has two children, find the probability that both children are females, if it is known that the elder child [2]
is a female.
14. A couple has two children, find the probability that both children are males, if it is known that at least one of the [2]
A
children is male.
15. A and B are two events such that P (A) ≠ 0. Find P(B|A), if A ∩ B = . [1]
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16. A and B are two events such that P (A) ≠ 0. Find P(B|A), if A is a subset of B. [1]
17. A doctor is to visit a patient. From the past experience, it is known that the probabilities that he will come by [5]
train, bus, scooter or by other means of transport are respectively 3

10
,
1

5
,
1

10
and 2

5
. The probabilities that he will
be late are 1

4
,
1

3
and 1

12
, if he comes by train, bus and scooter respectively, but if he comes by other means of
transport, that he will not be late. When he arrives, he is late. What is the probability that he comes by train?
18. In a factory which manufactures bolts, machines. A, B and C manufacture respectively 25%, 35% and 40% of [3]
the bolts. Of their output 5, 4 and 2 percent are respectively defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the
product and is found to be defective. What is the probability that it is manufactured by the machine B?
19. Suppose that the reliability of a HIV test is specified as follows: [5]
Of people having HIV, 90% of the test detect the disease but 10% go undetected. Of people free of HIV, 99% of
the test are Judged HIV-ive but 1% are diagnosed as showing HIV+ive. From a large population of which only
0.1% have HIV, one person is selected at random, given the HIV test, and the pathologist reports him/her is
HIV+ive. What is the probability that the person actually has HIV?
20. Given three identical boxes I, II and III each containing two coins. In box I both coins are gold coins, in box II, [3]
both are silver coins and in the box III, there is one gold and one silver coin. A person chooses a box at random
and takes out a coin. If the coin is of gold, what is the probability that the other coin in the box is also of gold?
21. Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls while another Bag II contains 5 red and 6 black balls. One ball is drawn at [5]
random from one of the bags and it is found to be red. Find the probability that it was drawn from Bag II.
22. A person has undertaken a construction job. The probabilities are 0.65 that there will be strike, 0.80 that the [2]
construction job will be completed on time if there is no strike, and 0.32 that the construction job will be

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 completed on time if there is a strike. Determine the probability that the construction job will be completed on
time.
23. If A and B are two independent events, then the probability of occurrence of at least one of A and B is given by [2]
1- P(A')(P(B').
24. Prove that if E and F are independent events, then so are the events E and F′. [2]
25. Three coins are tossed simultaneously. Consider the event E three heads or three tails, F at least two heads [2]
and G at most two heads. Of the pairs (E, F), (E, G) and (F, G), which are independent? which are dependent?
26. An unbiased die is thrown twice. Let the event A be odd number on the first throw and B the event odd [2]
number on the second throw. Check the independence of the events A and B.
27. A die is thrown. If E is the event the number appearing is a multiple of 3 and F be the event the number [1]
appearing is even then find whether E and F are independent?
28. Three cards are drawn successively, without replacement from a pack of 52 well shuffled cards. [2]
What is the probability that first two cards are kings and the third card drawn is an ace?
29. An urn contains 10 black and 5 white balls. Two balls are drawn from the urn one after the other without [2]
replacement. What is the probability that both drawn balls are black?
30. Consider the experiment of tossing a coin. If the coin shows head, toss it again, but if it shows tail, then throw a [5]
die. Find the conditional probability of the event that the die shows a number greater than 4, given that there
is atleast one tail.
31. A die is thrown twice and the sum of the numbers appearing is observed to be 6. What is the conditional [3]
probability that the number 4 has appeared at least once?
A
32. A die is thrown three times. Events A and B are defined as below: [2]
A: 4 on the third throw
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B: 6 on the first and 5 on the second throw

Find the probability of A given that B has already occurred.
33. In a school there are 1000 students, out of which 430 are girls. It is known that out of 430, 10% of the girls study [2]
in class XII. What is the probability that a student chosen randomly studies in class XII given that the chosen
student is a girl?
34. Ten cards numbered 1 to 10 are placed in a box, mixed up thoroughly and then one card is drawn randomly. If it [2]
is known that the number on the drawn card is more than 3, what is the probability that it is an even number?
35. A family has two children. What is the probability that both the children are boys given that at least one of them [2]
is a boy?
36. If a machine is correctly set up, it produces 90% acceptable items. If it is incorrectly set up, it produces only [2]
40% acceptable items. Past experience shows that 80% of the set ups are correctly done. If after a certain set up,
the machine produces 2 acceptable items, find the probability that the machine is correctly setup.
37. A and B throw a die alternatively till one of them gets a 6 and wins the game. Find their respective probabilities [3]
of winning, if A starts first.

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