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How Websites Work

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3 views2 pages

How Websites Work

Uploaded by

saifsahi.official
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Websites work through a combination of several components and processes that allow

users to interact with content, access services, and communicate with servers. Here's
a simple breakdown of how websites work:

1. Web Browser
A web browser (like Chrome, Firefox, or Safari) is the program you use to view
websites. When you type a website address (URL) in the address bar, the browser
sends a request to access that site.

2. URL and Domain Name


A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the web address you enter in the browser. For
example, www.example.com.
 Domain name: The human-readable address (like example.com) is mapped to
a unique IP address that identifies the server where the website's files are
hosted.

3. DNS Lookup
When you enter a website URL, your browser needs to find out the IP address of the
server hosting the website. This process is called DNS (Domain Name System)
lookup.
 The DNS server translates the human-readable domain (like example.com) into
a numeric IP address that the browser can use to find the server.

4. Server and Hosting


Once the browser knows the IP address, it sends a request to a web server. The
server is a computer that stores the website’s files (HTML, CSS, images, JavaScript,
etc.).
 Hosting: Websites are hosted on web servers, which store all the files and data
needed to display the site.

5. HTTP Request and Response


The browser makes an HTTP request to the server, asking for the content of the
website (such as HTML files, images, etc.).
 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the protocol used for communication
between the browser and the server.
 The server then sends back a HTTP response, which includes the requested
files, like HTML code, images, or videos.

6. Rendering the Website


Once the browser receives the response from the server, it processes the HTML, CSS,
and JavaScript to render and display the website on your screen.
 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): Provides the structure of the webpage
(headings, paragraphs, images, etc.).
 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): Controls the look and layout of the page
(colors, fonts, spacing).
 JavaScript: Adds interactivity (such as animations, buttons that do things when
clicked, form validations).

7. User Interaction
As you interact with the website (clicking links, filling out forms, etc.), the browser
sends new requests to the server for additional data, and the process repeats.

8. Backend (Optional)
For dynamic websites, there’s usually a backend server that processes requests and
serves data from a database.
 For example, when you log in, the backend checks your credentials in a
database and sends back a response.
 Backend technologies include Node.js, Python (Flask, Django), PHP, Ruby,
etc.
 The server might also generate content dynamically, such as showing your
personalized data or interacting with a database.

Summary:
1. You enter a URL in the browser.
2. The browser looks up the IP address using DNS.
3. It sends a request to the server for the website's files.
4. The server responds with the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to display the
website.
5. The browser renders and shows the content.
6. You can interact with the website, and more requests may be made for
additional data.

This entire process happens in a matter of seconds, allowing you to access websites
quickly and efficiently.

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