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Samoza Signals Experiment-1

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10 views7 pages

Samoza Signals Experiment-1

Uploaded by

Lance Andre Samoza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT NO.

1
FORMS OF SIGNALS USING
MATLAB

NAME: Samoza, Lance Andre P. Dr. Edison Bengco


Signal Processing/3ECE-B

Rating
I. THEORY

II. GENERAL OBJECTIVES

To demonstrate the graphical representation of the following signals either


Impulse, Step, Ramp, sinusoid using MATLAB.

To become familiar with additional MATLAB function and looping


conditional statements and on how to create, write and use MATLAB.

III. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

3.1) Why of illustrating different data signals? What would you think is the
application of each and every signal?

Sinusoidal, step, impulse, and ramp signals are essential in signal processing
and control systems, with each performing a distinct function. Sinusoidal signals are
smooth, periodic waves that are commonly employed in communications such as
radio and for signal analysis by breaking them down into simpler components. Step
signals move rapidly from one value to another and are used to investigate how
systems respond to sudden changes, which aids in the tuning of control systems.
Impulse signals are very short bursts of multiple frequencies that are useful for
testing and analyzing a system's overall behavior and frequency responsiveness.
Ramp signals grow steadily over time and are used to investigate how systems
handle continuous, progressive changes, such as motor speed modifications. These
basic signals assist engineers in understanding, designing, and optimizing systems
for a variety of applications.

3.2) Is it possible to construct/create something new as comparing to the


existing signal?

It is possible to generate new signals by modifying or combining existing ones.


For instance, by merging sinusoidal signals with different frequencies, we can create
complex waveforms like square or sawtooth waves. In the same way, signals can be
modulated, filtered, or altered to produce new signals tailored to specific
applications, such as custom communication protocols or optimized control systems.
This flexibility allows engineers to design signals that meet unique requirements,
going beyond conventional types.
3.3) What are the commands/syntax of data signals when using MATLAB?

Sinusoidal Waveform
x = (0:1/800:10); % Time vector
y = 5 * sin(x); % Sinusoidal waveform
plot(x, y, 'r'), title('Sinusoidal Waveform'), grid on, xlabel('Time, t'),
ylabel('Amplitude');

Impulse Function
Num = [1]; % Numerator of the transfer function
Den = [1 85]; % Denominator of the transfer function
sys = tf(Num, Den); % Transfer function
impulse(sys), grid on, title('Impulse function Signal', 'Fontsize', 15);

Step Function Signal


Num = [90]; % Numerator of the transfer function
Den = [1 90]; % Denominator of the transfer function
sys = tf(Num, Den); % Transfer function
step(sys), xlabel('Time, t'), ylabel('Amplitude'), grid on;

Ramp Function Signal


Num = [100]; % Numerator of the transfer function
Den = [1 100 0]; % Denominator of the transfer function
t = 1:0.02:2; % Time vector
sys = tf(Num, Den); % Transfer function
c = step(sys, t); % Step response to simulate a ramp
plot(t, c, t, t, '+'), grid on, title('Ramp Function Signal', 'Fontsize', 15);
IV. LIST OF MATERIALS, FIGURES & PROGRAM

4.1 Sinusoidal Waveform


MATLAB Code:
>>x=(0:1/800:10);
>> y=5*sin(x);
>> plot(x,y,'r'),title('Sinusoidal Waveform'), grid on, xlabel('Time, t'),
ylabel('Amplitude')

4.2 Impulse Function


MATLAB Code:
>> Num = [1];
>>Den = [1 85];
>>sys = tf (Num, Den);
>> impulse(sys), grid on, title('Impulse function Signal', 'Fontsize', 15 )
4.3 Step Function Signal

MATLAB Code:
>> Num = [90];
>> Den = [1 90];
>> sys = tf(Num, Den)
Transfer function:
90
------
s + 90
>> step(sys), xlabel('Time, t'), ylabel('Amplitude'), grid on;
4.4 Ramp Function Signal

MATLAB Code:
>> Num = [100];
>> Den = [1 100 0];
>> t = 1 :0.02:2;
>> sys = tf(Num,Den);
>> c = step(sys,t);
>> plot(t,c,t,t,'+'),grid on, title('Ramp Function Signal','Fontsize',15)
V. OBSERVATION & DISCUSSION

In this experiment, various signal types—sinusoidal, impulse, step, and ramp—were


generated and analyzed using MATLAB. The sinusoidal waveform showed a smooth,
continuous oscillation between -5 and 5, commonly used in communication systems due to its
predictable periodic nature. The impulse function produced a sharp spike at the origin,
illustrating the system's instantaneous response to an impulse input, useful for evaluating
stability and dynamic behavior. The step function displayed a gradual rise to a steady state,
highlighting the system's ability to reach equilibrium after sudden changes, which is critical
for control theory analysis. The ramp function showed a linear increase over time,
demonstrating how systems respond to continuously changing inputs, such as motor speed
adjustments. These signal responses offer insight into system behavior, aiding in the design,
testing, and optimization of engineering applications.

VI. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

The experiment demonstrated the creation and analysis of fundamental signals using
MATLAB, essential for understanding system dynamics in signal processing and control
engineering. MATLAB's visualization tools offer valuable insights into signal behavior. For
engineers, mastering these signals is crucial for designing systems that can handle different
inputs and disturbances. Future exploration of signals like square and triangular waves, along
with filtering, modulation, and noise addition, would enhance understanding of their practical
applications in real-world systems.

VII. REFERENCE

• Oppenheim, A.V., Willsky, A.S., & Nawab, S.H. (1997). Signals and Systems
(2nd ed.). Prentice Hall.

• Proakis, J.G., & Manolakis, D.G. (2007). Digital Signal Processing: Principles,
Algorithms, and Applications (4th ed.). Pearson.

• MathWorks. (n.d.). MATLAB Documentation. Retrieved from


https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/

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