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Application of Derivative

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21 views8 pages

Application of Derivative

Uploaded by

suryanshkumarrai99
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as KEY, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APPLICATION OF

DERIVATIVES
MATHEMATICS (CLASS:-12B)
Introduction
Brief introduction to trigonometry
Importance and real-world applications of derivative
Derivatives help in determining the rate of change,and solving
optimisation problems
Rate of change of
quantities
Recall that by the derivative ds/dt, we mean the rate of change
of distance s with respect to the time t. In a similar
fashion,whatever one quantity you varies with another quantity
x,satisfying some rule y=f(x),then dy/dx(or f’(x))represents the
rate of change of y with respect to x and f’(Xo) represents the
rate of change of y with respect to x at x=Xo

Further,if two variables x and y are varying with respect to


another variable t,i.e., if x=f(t) and y=g(t),then by chain rule

Dy/dx=dy/dt/dx/dt, if dx/dt not equal to 0

Thus, the rate of change of y with respect to x can be calculated


using the rate of change of y and that of x both with respect to t.
Increasing & decreasing
function
Here's a more detailed explanation for the definitions
of increasing and decreasing functions:
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Increasing Function:
- A function f(x) is said to be increasing in an interval
if, for any two points x1 and x2 in that interval where
(x1 < x2), the corresponding function values satisfy (
f(x1) < f(x2).
- Mathematically,( f'(x) > 0) indicates that the
function is increasing in that interval.
Decreasing Function:
- A function (f(x)) is said to be decreasing in an
interval if, for any two points ( x1) and ( x2) in that
interval where( x1 < x2 ), the corresponding function
values satisfy (f(x1) > f(x2)).
- Mathematically, ( f'(x) < 0) indicates that the
function is decreasing in that interval.
Maxima and Minima
Maxima:
A function (f(x)) is said to have a maximum at ( x = c ) if ( f(c) ) is greater
than or equal to all nearby values of ( f(x) ) in the domain.
Mathematically, ( f(x) ) has a maximum at ( x = c ) if:
( f'(c) = 0 )
( f''(c) < 0)
Minima:
A function ( f(x) ) is said to have a minimum at ( x = c ) if ( f(c) ) is less
than or equal to all nearby values of ( f(x) ) in the domain.
Mathematically, ( f(x) ) has a minimum at ( x = c ) if:
( f'(c) = 0 )
( f''(c) > 0 )
Critical Points:
Points where ( f'(x) = 0 \) or where ( f'(x) ) does not exist are called critical
points.
Maxima and minima occur at critical points, subject to the conditions given
above.
First derivative test
Critical Points: Points where ( f'(x) = 0 ) or where ( f'(x) ) is
undefined are potential locations of maxima or minima.

Second Derivative Test:Determines the nature of critical points:

If( f''(x) > 0) at a critical point, it’s a point of local minima.

If ( f''(x) < 0 ) at a critical point, it’s a point of local maxima.

Applications:

Maxima and minima are widely used in optimization problems


like maximizing profits or minimizing costs in economics, and in
finding the best design parameters in engineering.
Application in Real-Life
•
Scenarios
Economics: Marginal cost and revenue.

• Physics: Velocity and acceleration.

• Biology: Population models and growth rates.

• Engineering: Stress and strain analysis.

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