class 10 fundamental concepts of AL

a. Define the term intelligence.

Ans:- Intelligence is defined as mental capability that involves the ability to reason, to plan, to solve problems,
to think abstractly, to comprehend complex ideas, to learn quickly and to learn experience .
b. Name all the types of intelligence and explain any four out of them.
Ans:- Types of intelligences are Visual-spatial intelligence, Linguistic-verbal intelligence, Logical-mathematical
intelligence, Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal
intelligence, naturalistic intelligence and existential intelligence.
a. Visual-spatial intelligence:- people who are strong in Visual-spatial intelligence and often good
with directions as well as maps, charts, videos, and pictures.
b. Linguistic-verbal intelligence:- people who are able to use words well, both when writing and
speaking.
c. Logical-mathematical intelligence:- people who are good at reasoning, recognizing patterns, and
logically analyzing problems.
c. Explain difference between interpersonal intelligence and interpersonal intelligence.
Ans:-
Interpersonal intelligence Interpersonal intelligence.
Those who have good understanding and interacting Those who are good at being aware of their own
with other people. Eg. Psychologist, philosopher, emotional states, feeling, and motivations.
salesperson Eg. Writer, scientist
d. Define the following terms:-
i. Reasoning:- Reasoning is the set of processes that enables us to provide basic for judgments, making
decisions, and prediction.
ii. Learning :- learning is the activity of gaining knowledge or skill by studding, practicing, being taught, or
experiencing something.
iii. Problem Solving :- Problem solving is the process in which one perceives and tries to at a desired
solution from a present situation by taking some path , which is blocked by known or unknown hurdles.
iv. Perception:- perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting and organizing sensory
information.
v. Linguistic Intelligence (LI):- Linguistic Intelligence is one’s ability to use, comprehend, speak and write
the verbal and written language.
e. Write two differences between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.
Ans-
Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning.
1 It conducts specific observations to It starts with a general statement and examines the possibilities to
make board general statements. reach a specific and logical conclusion.
2 Even if all of the premises are true in a If something is true for a class of things in general, it is also true for
statement, inductive reasoning allows all members of that class.
for the conclusion to be false. Example
Example All mangoes are fruits.
Mango is a fruit All fruits have a seeds ✔
The box is full of fruits. ✔ Mangoes have seeds. ✔
The box is full of mangoes. x

f. How human intelligence is different from machine intelligence?

Ans:-
Human intelligence Machine intelligence
1 Humans recognize by patterns. The machines recognize by set of rules and data
2 Human store and recall Machines do it by searching algorithms.
information by patterns.
 3 Human can figure out the The machines cannot do this correctly.
complete object even if some
part of it is missing or distorted.

g. What is decision making? What are the steps involved in the process of decision making?
Ans:- Decision making is usually defined as a mental process, which involves judging multiple options or
alternatives, in order to select one, So as to best fulfill the aims of goals of the decision maker.
The steps involved in the process of decision making are:-
Step 1 Identify the problem.
Step 2 Analyze the problem
Step 3 Think of alternatives
Step 4 Decide on a course of action
h. What is Artificial Intelligence?
Ans:- Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words-Artificial and Intelligence, where Artificial means ‘man-
made,’ and intelligence means ‘thinning power’ , hence Al means ‘ a man-made thinking power.’
i. Explain any four applications of Artificial intelligence.

Ans:-1) Smart Cars and Drones:- A Tesla car, also known as a self-driving car, is a vehicle that is

capable of navigating and operating on its own, without the need for human intervention. These vehicles

utilize a combination of advanced technologies, including sensors, robotics, and artificial intelligence, to

perceive their environment, make decisions, and control their movements .

2) SIRI:- It is the friendly voice- activated computer that we interact with on daily basis. It helps us find

information, gives us directions, adds events to our calendars, and helps us to send messages and so on.

3). Social Media feeds :- If we are using social media, most of our decisions are being impacted by artificial

intelligence.

4) Music and Media Streaming Services:- we can using it in a daily basis whether we are using Spotify,

Netflix, or You Tube, Al is making the decisions for us.

j. Name all the types of learning and explain any three out of them.
Ans:- Auditory learning , Episodic learning, Motor learning, observational learning, perceptual learning, Relation
learning, spatial learning, and stimulus –response learning.
i) Auditory learning:- it is learning by listening and hearing. For example, students listening to
recorded audio lectures.
ii) Episodic learning:- it means to learn by remembering sequences of events that one gas witnessed
or experienced. This is linear and orderly.
iii) Motor learning:- it is learning by precise movement of muscles, For example, picking objects ,
writing, etc.

k. What are the types of learning and artificial intelligence?

Ans:- Difference between Natural intelligence and artificial intelligence
S.No Natural Intelligence Artificial Intelligence
1 It is exhibited by human beings. It is programmed by humans in machines.
2 It is highly refined and no electricity is It exists in computer system, so
required to generate output.
3 No one is an expert. We can get better Expert system exists, Which collect ideas of human
 solution from one another. beings.
4 Intelligence increases under supervision Intelligence increases by updating technology and
algorithms used.

l. Mention the use of artificial intelligence in the following:

i. Music and Media Streaming devices:- we can using it in a daily basis whether we are using Spotify, Netflix,

or You Tube, Al is making the decisions for us.

ii. Smart home devices:- Many of the learn our behavior so that they can adjust the setting Themselves to make
the experience as quite as possible for us.
iii. Agriculture :- Al can help farmers get more from the land while using resource more sustainably. Issues such as
climate change, population growth, and food security .Organizations are using automation and robotics to help
farmers find more efficient ways to protect their crops from weeds.
iv. Health Care:- An organization called Cambio Health care has developed a clinical decision support system for
stroke prevention that can give the physician a warning when there’s patient at risk of having a heart stroke.
Eg. are Coala life and Aifloo
m. Differentiate between what is Al and what is not AL with the help of an example .
Ans :- Differentiate between what is Al and what is not are
1. AI machines are trained with data and algorithm. 1. Smart machines which are not AI, do not require
training data, they work on algorithms only.
AI machines learn from mistakes and experience. Smart machines work on fixed algorithms and they
They try to improvise on their next iterations. always work with the same level of efficiency, which
is programmed into them.
AI machines can analyses the situation and can Machines which are not AI cannot take decisions
take decisions accordingly. on their own.
AI based drones capture the real-time data during An automatic door in a shopping mall, seems to be
the flight, processes it in real-time, and makes a AI-enabled, but it is built with only sensor
human in dependent decision based on the
processed data.
 Class 10 Python

1 2 parrot peacock Crane

0 1 2 3 4
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
# This is an empty list: []
list=[ ]
print(list)
# This list is of strings.
list=["Parrot", "peacock", "crane", "cuckoos"] ['Parrot', 'peacock', 'crane', 'cuckoos']
print(list)
# This list is of numbers [1, 2, 3, 4]
list=[1,2,3,4]
print(list)
# This list is of numbers and string. [1, 2, 3, 4, 'red', 'yellow']
list=[1,2,3,4, "red", "yellow"]
print(list)
#This list is nested list.
list=[1,2,3,4, ["red", "yellow"],[3,4,5]] [1, 2, 3, 4, ['red', 'yellow'], [3, 4, 5]]
print(list)
# Extract the value
list=["Parrot", "peacock", "crane", "cuckoos"] Parrot
print(list[0])
# Extract the value (Negative indexing)
list=["Parrot", "peacock", "crane", "cuckoos"] crane
print(list[-2])
# Extract the value from nested list
list=[1,2,3,4, ["red", "yellow"],[3,4,5]]
print(list[4]) ['red', 'yellow']
# Extract the value from nested list
(Negative indexing)
list=[1,2,3,4, ["red", "yellow"],[3,4,5]] [3, 4, 5]
print(list[-1])
# Range of indexes ['parrot', 'peacock', 'crane']
#Print elements from 3re to 5th
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"]
print (list[2:5])
#Print elements from beginning to 3rd [1, 2, 'parrot']
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"]
print (list[:-2])
#Print elements from 3rd to end ['parrot', 'peacock', 'crane']
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"]
print (list[2:])
#Print elements from beginning to end [1, 2, 'parrot', 'peacock', 'crane']
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"]
print (list[:])
# Print elements from index -4 (included ) to
index -2(excluded) [2, 'parrot']
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"]
print (list[-4:-2])
# change the item value
# change the 1st item
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"] [3, 2, 'parrot', 'peacock', 'crane']
list[0]=3
print(list)
# Change 3rd to 5th items
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"] [1, 2, 'pigeon', 'kite', 'crow']
list[2:6]=["pigeon", "kite","crow"]
print(list)
# Adding items in the list
# Adding one item at the end
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"] [1, 2, 'parrot', 'peacock', 'crane', 'pigeon']
list.append("pigeon")
print(list)
# Adding two item at the end [1, 2, 'parrot', 'peacock', 'crane', 'pigeon', 'red']
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"]
list.extend(["pigeon","red"])
print(list)
OR [1, 2, 'parrot', 'peacock', 'crane', 'pink', 'yellow']
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"]
print(list+["pink","yellow"])
# Adding item at the specific place [1, 2, 'pink', 'parrot', 'peacock', 'crane']
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"]
list.insert(2, "pink")
print(list)
#Deleting items in the list
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"] [1, 2, 'peacock', 'crane']
list.remove("parrot")
print(list)
#Deleting items in the list
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"]
list.pop() [1, 2, 'parrot', 'peacock']
print(list)
#Emptying the list
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"] []
list.clear()
print(list)
#Deleting specific item
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"]
del list[2] [1, 2, 'peacock', 'crane']
print(list)
#Finding the length of the list
list=[1,2,"parrot","peacock","crane"] 5
print(len(list))