KALINGA COLLEGES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INC.

PUROK 5, MOLDERO ST. BULANAO, TABUK CITY, KALINGA

FINAL EXAMINATION IN ETHICS

DIRECTIONS: Choose the best answer. Write your answer on the answer sheet provided.
STRICTLY NO ERASURES.

1.It sometimes make individual easier to navigate social situations.

a. Personal Values b. Social norms c. Alignment d. Conflict
2.It emphasize respect, individuals find it straight forward.
a. Personal Values b. Social norms c. Alignment d. Conflict
3. There are deeply-held beliefs and principles that guide an individual behaviour.
a. Personal Values b. Social norms c. Alignment d. Conflict
4. They are subjective and vary from person to person.
a. Personal Values b. Social norms c. Alignment d. Conflict
5. They are unwritten rules and expectations that govern behaviour within a group.
a. Personal Values b. Social norms c. Alignment d. Conflict
6. They are collective and reflect what is considered acceptable in social context.
a. Personal Values b. Social norms c. Alignment d. Conflict
7. These can be obstacles between personal and social norms.
a. Personal Values b. Social norms c. Alignment d. Conflict
8. It might choose to uphold their values at the risk of social disapproval.
a. Personal Values b. Social norms c. Alignment d. Conflict
9. It is the resolution of ethical choice.
a. Personal/cultural influence b. Real world example c. Moral Reason d. No clear solution
10. It is where one person considers an ethical choice.
a. Personal/cultural influence b. Real world example c. Moral Reason. d. No clear solution
11. 1. It refers to the matters such as the good thing that we should pursue and the bad thing that we should
avoid.
a. Aesthetics b. philosophy c. technique d. ethics
12. Is the quality of goodness and badness in human acts?
a. Philosophy b. morality c. philosophy d. ethics
13. Who is considered as the father of ethics?
a. Plato b. Aristotle c. Socrates d. St. Thomas Aquinas
14. Are those what are done with full knowledge and full willingness or deliberation or both are termed acts of
women and men.
a. Morality b. human acts c. ethics d. law
15. His work is widely considered one of the most important historical philosophical and had impact upon the
European Middle Ages.
a. Aristotle b. Plato c. Socrates d. St. Thomas Aquinas
16. It is defined as rule of action that are created and enforced through social and government institution to
regulate behavior?
a. Morality b. law c. state d. philosophy
17. Defined as lack of sense or intelligence.
a. Stupid b. fool c. imbecilic d. idiot
18. He was an Italian philosopher and theologian during the medieval period.
a. Aristotle b. Plato c. Socrates d. St. Thomas Aquinas
19. It means man made laws, created by men/women, governments and responsive to the needs of the state.
a. Positive law b. negative law c. divine law d. constitution
20. It forbids or suppress the rights of a person
a. State law b. natural law c. negative law d. moral law
21. It is set of universal rules that governs or determines what is good and wrong.
a. Positive law b. negative law c. moral law d. divine law
22. The law of religion and faith with the concept of sin and salvation.
a. Moral law b. state law c. divine law d. natural law
23. Is a law being addressed to objects which have no power to disobey.
a. Natural law b. state law c. divine law d. physical law
24. It is an element of determining morality that is to judge the morality of human act.
a. The act itself b. purpose or end c. circumstances d. law
25. The conditions connected with/or relevant to an event or action
a. The act itself b. purpose or end c. circumstances d. law
26. One is term between choosing one of two goods or choosing between the lesser of two evils
a. Moral decision b. moral dilemma c. moral issue d. moral judgement
27. When a person is an observer who makes an assessment on the actions or behavior of someone, she/ he is
making a _______?
a. Moral decision b. moral dilemma c. moral issue d. moral judgement
28. When one is placed in a situation and confronted by the choice of what act to perform?
a. Moral decision b. moral judgement c. moral issue d. moral dilemma
29. Philosophy comes from the Greek word ________ and ________.
a. Pia and Sopia b. Philia and Sophie c. Philia and Sophia d. Pia and Sophia
30. A situation that calls for moral valuation
a. Moral decision b. moral issue c. moral dilemma d. moral judgement
31. It is a systematic body of knowledge.
a. Ethics b. Morality c. Values d. Human act
32. It is a discernment of what is right and wrong.
a. Ethics b. Morality c. Values d. Human act
33.It seeks to resolve questions of human morality.
a. Ethics b. Morality c. Values d. Human act
34. It is a quality of goodness and badness.
a. Ethics b. Morality c. Values d. Human act
35. It is also the rightness or wrongness of human acts.
a. Ethics b. Morality c. Values d. Human act
36. Those that are done with full knowledge.
a. Ethics b. Morality c. Values d. Human act
37. Those that are done with full willingness.
a. Ethics b. Morality c. Values d. Human act
38. Those that are done with delibration.
a. Ethics b. Morality c. Values d. Human act
39. It is where both are termed acts of men and women.
a. Ethics b. Morality c. Values d. Human act
40. It is the complex mental and ethical traits making a person or group.
a. intellect b. character c. will d. reason
41. This refers to the values of conduct recognized in respect to particular class of human actions while ______
are principles or habit with respect to right and wrong.
a. ethics b. laws c. morals d. rules
42. It derives from the Greek word meaning character or characteristic way of acting.
a. moralis b. mores c. ethos d. telos
43. This refers to regulation which is not meant to set teaching boundaries but are there to be enforced and are
punishable by imprisonment.
a. rules b. laws c. human acts d. acts of man
44. This refers to the sum of combined norms and values. In other words, norms plus values are equal to____?
a. moral standards c. ethical standards
b. non- moral standards d. non- ethical standards
45. This refers to the standards by which we judge what is good or bad and right or wrong in a non- moral way
such as etiquette, athletics, laws or even religions.
a. ethical standards b. moral standards c. non- ethical standards d. non-moral standards
46. For every action there is an equal opposite reaction according to ________?
a. Aristotle b. Isaac Newton c. King Solomon d. Billy Graham
47. This is an element of determining Morality which moralists technically call the “object”
a. The purpose b. the Act itself c. The circumstances d. None of these
48. Good habits forms at youth make all the difference according to a Greek philosopher from the Socratic
group.
a. Socrates b. Aristotle c. Plato d. Thales
49. This is an element determining morality that sometimes called “End” or the subjective goal.
a. The act itself b. The circumstances c. The purpose d. none of these
50. Which of the following is the focus of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
a. The ability to make rational decisions
b. The development of moral reasoning through different stages
c. The impact of external rewards and punishments on behavior
d. The influence of cultural norms on ethical behavior
51. At which stage of moral development does an individual obey rules to avoid punishment?
a. Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange b. Stage 3: Interpersonal Relationships
c.Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order d. Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
52. Which stage is characterized by an understanding that rules are social agreements that can be changed for
the greater good?
a. Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
b. Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
c. Stage 6: Universal Principles
d. Stage 3: Interpersonal Relationships
53. At which stage do individuals seek approval from others and conform to societal expectations?
a. Stage 3: Interpersonal Relationships
b. Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange
c. Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order
d. Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
54. Which stage of moral development is most focused on maintaining social order and upholding laws?
a. Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
b. Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order
c. Stage 3: Interpersonal Relationships
d. Stage 6: Universal Principle
55. Stage 6 of Kohlberg's theory is based on what kind of moral reasoning?
a. Following rules to avoid punishment
b. The greatest good for the greatest number
c. Universal ethical principles that apply to everyone
d. The preservation of social structures
56. Which of the following is true of Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange?
a. Individuals act according to a strict moral code of universal principles.
b. Moral decisions are made based on what will lead to personal benefit.
c. The goal is to maintain societal harmony and order.
d. Individuals focus on social roles and expectations.
57. In which stage does a person start to consider society's laws and rules as moral imperatives, even if they
might not always be the best choice?
a. Stage 3: Interpersonal Relationships
b. Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order
c. Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
d. Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange
58. What is a key characteristic of moral reasoning at Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights?
a. Rules are viewed as absolute and unchangeable.
b. Moral decisions are based on the greatest good for the greatest number.
c. The individual obeys authority to avoid punishment.
d. Moral decisions are made to conform to social expectations.
59. In Stage 1, what is the primary reason a person would refrain from an immoral action?
a. To avoid disapproval from others b. To maintain social order
c.To avoid punishment d. To act according to universal principles of justice
60. Which of the following values is most central to Filipino culture?
a. Individualism b. Collectivism c. Competition d. Isolation
61. The concept of "Bayanihan" refers to:
a. A tradition of giving gifts during holidays b. A spirit of communal unity and cooperation
c.The practice of individual achievement d. The art of Filipino cooking
62. Which Filipino custom involves respect for elders by addressing them with titles such as “Po” and “Opo”?
a. Pakikisama b. Utang na Loob c. Pagmamano d. Bayanihan
63. What is the Filipino term for close fam ily ties, which is often considered the foundation of Filipino society?
a. Pakikisama b. Kapwa c. Pamilya d. Bayanihan
64. In Filipino culture, "utang na loob" means:
a. A debt of gratitude b. A deep sense of obligation
c.A tradition of hospitality d. A spirit of cooperation
65. Which Filipino trait emphasizes maintaining harmonious relationships and avoiding conflict?
a. Utang na Loob b. Pakikisama c. Bahala Na d. Hiya
66. Filipinos value the concept of "Hiya." What does it mean?
a. Respect for nature b. Sense of shame or embarrassment
c.Generosity to others d. The need for privacy
67. What is "Salamat" in Filipino culture?
a. A greeting for good health b. A term used for greetings
c.An expression of gratitude d. A farewell phrase
68. The Filipino tradition of "fiesta" typically involves:
a. Private gatherings among family b. Religious ceremonies only
c.Community-wide celebrations with food, music, and dancing d. Formal business events
69. What does the concept of "self" refer to in ethical theory?
a. A person's physical appearance b. A person's identity and consciousness
c. A person's financial status d. A person's relationships with others
70. Which of the following is an ethical principle of self-respect?
a. Always following the majority's opinion b. Prioritizing personal needs above others
c. Acknowledging one's own worth and dignity d. Seeking validation from others
71. Which philosopher is known for the concept of "self-actualization"?
a. Aristotle b. Immanuel Kant c. Carl Rogers c. John Stuart Mill
72. Which ethical theory emphasizes the individual's autonomy and personal choice?
a. Utilitarianism b. Kantian Ethics c. Virtue Ethics d. Existentialism
73. What is the "Mirror Test" used for in ethical discussions?
a. Measuring the ability to interact with others
b. Determining self-recognition and consciousness
c. Analyzing personal growth and self-awareness
d. Assessing environmental consciousness
74. How does existentialism view the individual's role in defining the self?
a. Through social structures and norms b. By accepting external moral standards
c. Through personal responsibility and choice d. By following traditional ethical frameworks
75. The ethical theory of "care ethics" focuses on:
a. The individual's ability to make independent decisions
b. The importance of relationships and empathy
c. Strict adherence to rules and laws
d. The pursuit of individual happiness
76. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of moral autonomy?
a.The ability to make ethical decisions independently
b. The capacity to reflect on one's values
c. Acting according to societal expectations without question
d. Taking responsibility for one's actions
77. Self-deception, in ethical terms, refers to:
a. A way to avoid facing uncomfortable truths about oneself
b. A strategy for protecting personal privacy
c. A means of avoiding ethical responsibility
d. A natural stage of personal growth
78. Which concept is most closely related to the "development of self" in ethics?
a. Ethical relativism b. Moral maturation c. Moral absolutism d. Cultural determinism
79. Which ethical theory focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number of people?
a. Virtue Ethics b. Utilitarianism c. Deontological Ethics d. Ethical Egoism
80. What is the "social contract" in ethical theory?
a. An agreement between individuals to share resources
b. The idea that individuals must sacrifice their rights for the state
c. An implicit agreement to follow societal rules for mutual benefit
d. A declaration of ethical values shared by all citizens
81. How does communitarian ethics view individual rights?
a. They should always take precedence over the common good
b. They are irrelevant in a moral society
c. They should be balanced with the needs of the community
d. They should be sacrificed in times of crisis
82. Which concept involves the fair distribution of benefits and burdens in society?
a. Justice b. Charity c. Altruism d. Cooperation
83. What is the primary ethical concern in social justice theory?
a. Maximizing economic profit b. Protecting individual autonomy
c. Ensuring equal rights and opportunities for all d. Promoting religious values
84. What is the concept of "the greater good" in utilitarianism?
a. The idea that individual happiness is more important than collective welfare
b. The idea that actions should promote the overall well-being of society
c. The belief that the needs of society always outweigh individual desires
d. The practice of prioritizing justice over happiness
85. Which philosopher is associated with the theory of justice as fairness?
a. Friedrich Nietzsche b. John Rawls c. Karl Marx d. Jean-Paul Sartre
86. Which ethical issue arises from the idea of "ethical relativism" in society?
a. The difficulty in determining universal moral truths
b. The requirement to follow religious norms
c. The assumption that all laws are morally just
d. The need to preserve cultural traditions
87. What is "moral courage" in the context of societal ethics?
a. The ability to remain indifferent in the face of injustice
b. The willingness to take action for justice despite fear or opposition
c. The tendency to follow popular opinion
d. The ability to conform to social expectations
88. In the context of ethics, what is "social responsibility"?
a. The duty to maximize personal success
b. The obligation to act in ways that benefit society
c. The belief that only the government can solve societal issues
d. The right to avoid any societal obligations
89. Which ethical theory emphasizes the moral worth of the natural environment?
a. Deep Ecology b. Hedonism c. Rationalism d. Social Contract Theory
90. Which of the following is a core principle of environmental ethics?
a. The environment has intrinsic value beyond its usefulness to humans
b. Economic development always takes priority over environmental concerns
c. The environment should be preserved only if it benefits humans
d. Environmental concerns are irrelevant to ethical decision-making
91. The concept of "sustainability" in environmental ethics focuses on:
a.Ensuring short-term economic growth b. Protecting the environment for future generations
c. Increasing industrial output d. Maximizing individual consumption
92. What motion be the heart of ethical theory?
a. duty b. instinct value c. moral character d. pleasure
93. It is an act that has an essential quality that are done without knowledge.
a. act of man b. human acts c. laws d. rules
94. When an action is constantly repeated, over time.
a. by habitus b. by education c. by habit d. by learning
95. Actions become skills through repetition and experience.
a. by habitus b. by education c. by habit d. by learning
96. Willingness to respond charitably to anyone in need as the situation arises.
a. by habit b. by learning c. by education d. by habitus
97. These are particular kinds of properties or characteristics that objects can possess.
a. disposition b. desperation c. ethics d. vice
98. Morality is externally controlled. Rules imposed by authority figures are conformed to in order to avoid
punishment or receive rewards.
a. conventional b. pre-conventional c. post-conventional d. coercion
99. Conformity to social rules remains important to the individual. However, the emphasis shifts from self-
interest to relationships with other people and social systems.
a. conventional b. pre-conventional c. post-conventional d. coercion
100. The individual moves beyond the perspective of his or her own society. Morality is defined in terms of
abstract principles and values that apply to all situations and societies.
a. conventional b. pre-conventional c. post-conventional d. coercion

“Success is not final; failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that
counts.”- Winston Churchill
Prepared by:
Michelle B. Magmuyao
Instructor