ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

BANGALORE-107
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Question bank

NAME OF FACULTY: Dr.KUSUMADEVI.G.H

SUBJECT: HIGH VOLTAGE AND POWER SYSTEM

PROTECTION
SUBJECT CODE: 21EE71

SEMESTER: 7th (ODD)

SECTION A

S.No Questions CO’s

Describe the entire breakdown mechanism in gaseous dielectrics due to first
1. and secondary ionization processes. 1

Analyze the breakdown process in gaseous dielectrics with the help of

2. 1
Streamer theory.
Show that in gaseous dielectrics, Vb = f (p*d) and explain the significances
3. 1
of it.
In an experiment in a certain gas it was found that the steady state current is
5.5 x 10-8 A at 8 kV at a distance of 0.4 cm between the plane electrodes.
4. Keeping the field constant and reducing the distance to 0.1 cm results in a 1
current of 5.5 x 10-9A. Calculate Townsend's primary ionization coefficient
α.
What are electronegative gases? Why is the breakdown strength higher in
5. 1
these gases compared to that in other gases?
6. Derive the criterion for breakdown in electronegative gases. 1
Explain the various theories that explain breakdown in commercial liquid
7. 1
dielectrics?
8. Explain various types of breakdown mechanisms in solid dielectrics. 1
Describe the advantages of very high voltages for transmission purposes.
9. Identify the highest value of AC transmission voltage in India. 2

Explain with diagrams, different types of rectifier circuits for producing

10. 2
high DC voltages.
Why is a Cockcroft-Walton circuit preferred for voltage multiplier circuits?
11. 2
Explain its working with a schematic diagram.
Obtain an expression for ripple and regulation in voltage multiplier circuits.
12. 2
How are the ripple and regulation minimized?
 Explain the different schemes for cascade connection of transformers for
13. 2
producing very high ac voltages.
What is Tesla coil? How are damped high-frequency oscillations obtained
14. 2
from a Tesla coil?
Give the Marx circuit arrangement for multistage impulse generators. How
15. is the basic arrangement modified to accommodate the wave time control 2
resistances?
16. Describe the generating voltmeter used for measuring high dc voltages. 2
How does it compare with a potential divider for measuring high dc
voltages?
17. Compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of using series 2
resistance micro ammeter and a potential divider with an electrostatic
voltmeter for measuring high dc voltages.
18. Explain how a sphere gap can be used to measure the peak value of 2
voltages. What are the parameters and factors that influence such voltage
measurement?
19. Explain the principle and construction of an electrostatic voltmeter for very 2
high voltages. What are its merits and demerits for high-voltage ac
measurements?
20. A generating voltmeter has to be designed so that it can have a range from 2
20 to 200kV dc if the indicating meter reads a minimum current of 2μA and
maximum current of 25 μA, what should be the capacitance of the
generating voltmeter?
21. A generating voltmeter is to read 250kV with an indicating meter having a 2
range of (0-20) μA calibrated accordingly. Calculate the capacitance of the
generating voltmeter when the driving motor rotates at a constant speed of
1500r.p.m.
22. Describe thedifferent methods of high current measurements with their 2
relative merits and demerits.
23. Enumerate natural causes for over voltages? 5
24. Explain the importance of switching over voltages in EHV power systems. 5
How protection against is over voltages is achieved?
25. Explain in detail the principles of insulation coordination on high voltage 5
and extra high voltage power systems.
26. A 3-phase single circuit transmission line is 400km long. If the line is rated 5
for 220kV and has parameters, R=0.1ohms/km, L=1.26mh/km,
C=0.009μF/km, and G=0, find (a) the surge impedance, and (b)the velocity
of propagation neglecting the resistance of the line. If a surge of 150kv and
infinitely long tail strikes at one end of the line, what is the time taken for
the surge to travel to other end of the line?
27. Design a peak reading voltmeter along with a suitable micro-ammeter such 2
thatit will be able to read voltages, up to 100kV(peak).The capacitance
potential divider available is of the ratio 1000:1.
28. A resistance divider of 1400kV(impulse) has a high-voltage arm of 16kilo- 2
ohms and a low-voltage arm consisting 16 members of 250ohms, 2watt
 resistors in parallel. The divider is connected to CRO through a cable of
surge impedance 75 ohms and is terminated at the other through a 75 ohm
resistor. Calculate the exact divider ratio.
29. Explain the working of Rogowski coils. 2
30. Write a note on magnetic links. 2
31. Describe how the volume resistivity of a solid dielectric is determined. 1
Explain the high-voltage Schering-bridge for the tan and capacitive
32. 2
measurement of insulators or bushings.
Explain how a sphere gap can be used to measure the peak value of
33. voltages. What are the parameters and factors that influence such voltage 2
measurement?
Explain the transformer ratio arm bridge for audio frequency range
34. 2
measurements. Discuss its merits and demerits over other methods.
Explain how partial discharges in an insulation system or equipment can be
35. 2
detected and displayed.
Discuss the method of balanced detection for locating partial discharges in
36. 2
electrical equipment.
A Schering bridge was used to measure the capacitance and loss angle of an
hv bushing. At balance, the observations were: the value of the standard
37. 2
condenser=100pF, R3=3180 Ω,C3=0.00125µF and R4=636Ω. What are the
values of capacitance and tan of the bushing?
A high-voltage Schering –Bridge has the following arms with their
component ranges. Standard capacitor: 100pf: variable resistor R 4:1 to 1
38. kΩ(decade steps) C3:1nF to 1.11µF and R3:100Ω to 11,100Ω. Determine 2
the maximum and minimum value of the capacitance and tan that can be
measured at 50Hz.
39. Explain the following: Tests on insulators and bushings 2
40. Discuss synthetic testing of circuit breakers. 2
41. Illustrate impulse testing of transformers 2
Explain the partial discharge tests on high-voltage cables. How is a fault in
42. 2
the insulation located in this test?
Explain the terms(a) Withstand voltage ,(b)Flashover voltage,(c) 50%
43. flashover voltage and (d) wet and dry power frequency tests as referred to 2
high voltage testing.
44. Explain testing of isolators 2
45. Explain residual voltage test of surge arresters. 2
46. Explain the need for protection in power system. 3
47. Explain the nature and causes of faults and their effects on power system. 3
48. Explain the primary and backup protection. 3
49. Describe the essential qualities of protection. 3
50. Explain the automatic reclosing. 3
51. Give the classification of protective relays. 3
52. Explain the working of electromechanical relays. 3
53. Compare static relays with electromechanical relays. 3
 Draw the schematic diagram of numerical relay and briefly describe the
54. 3
functions of its various components.
55. Explain directional overcurrent relay with a neat sketch. 3
56. Describe with a neat sketch the working of impedance relay. 3
57. Explain the effect of arc resistance on the performance of distance relays. 3
58. Explain with a neat circuit diagram the directional earth fault relay. 3
59. Explain the construction and working of reactance relay. 3
60. Explain the protection of parallel feeders, protection of ring mains? 3
61. Explain why a MHO characteristic is preferred for protection of long lines
against phase faults, whereas a reactance relay is preferred for ground 4
faults.
62. Explain the effect of power surges on performance of distance relays. 4
63. Explain with a neat diagram the zones of protection in typical power
4
system.
64. Describe the principle of balanced voltage differential protection scheme. 4
65. Explain the term ‘pilot’ with reference to power line protection. What are
4
the different types of pilots? Discuss their field of applications.
66. Explain carrier current protection? For what voltage range is it used for
4
protection of transmission lines.
67. Explain the working of Buchholz’s relays. 4
68. Describe the various types and working principle of differential relays. 4
69. Enumerate the relaying schemes which are employed for the protection of a
4
modern alternator.
70. Discuss the various types of faults encountered in transformers. 4
71. Describe with a neat sketch the scheme employed for the protection of large
4
power transformer against short-circuits.
72. Discuss the differential scheme for bus zone protection. 4
73. Explain with a neat sketch frame leakage protection. 4
74. An 11kV, 100MVA alternator is grounded through a resistance of 5Ω. The
CT’s have a ratio 1000/5.The relay is set to operate when there is an out of
4
balance current of 1A.What percentage of the generator winding will be
protected by the percentage differential scheme of protection?
75. An 11kV, 100MVA alternator is provided with differential protection. The
percentage of winding to be protected against phase to ground fault is 85%.
The relay is set to operate when there is 20% out of balance current. 4
Determine the value of the resistance to be placed in the neutral to ground
connection.
76. Explain the recovery rate theory and energy balance theory of arc
interruption in a circuit breaker. 5

77. Explain the terms restriking voltage, recovery voltage and RRRV. Derive
expressions for restriking voltage and RRRV in terms of system voltage,
5
inductance and capacitance. What are the measures to be taken to reduce
them?
78. Explain resistance switching, derive the expression for critical resistance in 5
 terms of system inductance and capacitance, which gives no transient
oscillation.
79. In a 132kV system, the inductance and capacitance up to the location of the
circuit breaker are 0.4H and 0.015 µF , respectively. Determine(a)the
maximum value of restriking voltage across the contacts of 5
breakers(b)frequency of transient oscillation and(c)the Maximum value of
RRRV
80. In a 132kV system, reactance and capacitance up to the location of circuit
breaker is 5ohm and 0.02µF, respectively. A resistance of 500 Ω is
connected across the breaker. Determine the (a) natural frequency of 5
oscillation, (b)damped frequency of oscillation and (c) critical value of
reistance.
81. Give the classification circuit breakers. 5
82. Explain the phenomenon of current chopping in a circuit breaker. What are
5
the measures are taken to reduce it?
83. What are the different types of air blast circuit breaker? Discuss their
operating principle and area of applications. Which type is less affected by 5
current chopping.
84. Discuss the properties of SF6 which make it most suitable to be used in
5
circuit breakers.
85.
With a neat sketch , explain the construction and working of puffer type 5
SF6circuit breaker.
86. Describe with a neat sketch the working of HRC fuse. What are its
5
advantages and disadvantages?
87. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of GIS as compared to
5
conventional air insulaton substations(AIS)
88. Explain with a neat sketch the working of Klydonograph. 5
89. Discuss the causes of over voltages in a power system. 5
90. Explain the following :i)fusing factor(ii)fuse(iii)fusing current 5

Signature of Faculty Signature of HOD