Java Programming Syllabus (Detailed Notes)

UNIT I: Introduction to Java Programming

Explanation of the Statement:

"Java: A simple, object-oriented, network-savvy, interpreted, robust, secure,

architecture-neutral, portable, high-performance, multi-threaded, dynamic

language."

Java is a versatile and widely-used programming language known for its

simplicity and robustness. It is designed with object-oriented principles,

making it easy to model real-world problems. Its network-savvy nature allows

developers to create distributed applications. Java is interpreted, enabling

platform independence through the "Write Once, Run Anywhere" philosophy.

Its secure architecture protects applications from common vulnerabilities. With

high performance achieved through Just-In-Time (JIT) compilers, and support

for multi-threading, Java is suitable for a variety of applications, from desktop

software to large-scale enterprise systems.

Explanation of Terms:

J2ME: Java 2 Micro Edition, used for mobile and embedded devices.

JVM: Java Virtual Machine, which executes Java bytecode.

Java Hotspot: A performance optimizer for JVM.

JRE: Java Runtime Environment, including JVM and libraries.

Plug-ins: Software components to add functionality to Java-based applications.

Java APIs: Predefined classes and interfaces for development.

JDK: Java Development Kit, a toolkit for Java developers.

J2SE: Java 2 Standard Edition, for general-purpose programming.

J2EE: Java 2 Enterprise Edition, for enterprise-level applications.

EJB: Enterprise Java Beans, for modular development.

RMI: Remote Method Invocation, for distributed applications.

JDBC: Java Database Connectivity, for database interaction.

JNI: Java Native Interface, for native code integration.

Java 2D, Java 3D: Libraries for 2D and 3D graphics.

DND: Drag and Drop API.

Java IDL: Interface Definition Language for CORBA.

JSP: Java Server Pages for web development.

X-509 Certificates: For secure communication.

JPDA: Java Platform Debugger Architecture.

Differentiation between Java Versions:

JDK 1.0 to J2SE v1.3: Each version brought significant updates. JDK 1.0

introduced the basics of Java, while JDK 1.1 added inner classes and JDBC.

JDK 1.2 introduced Swing and Collections Framework. J2SE v1.3 enhanced

performance and security.

Differences Between Java and Other Languages:

Java vs. C: Java is object-oriented and portable, while C is procedural and

platform-dependent.

Java vs. C++: Java eliminates pointers and multiple inheritance, making it

simpler and safer.

Java Language vs. Java Platform: Java Language is the syntax and structure,

while Java Platform is the runtime environment.

Review of the Java Language:

Keywords and Naming Conventions: Java reserves certain words (e.g., class,

static, public) and enforces camelCase for identifiers.

Primitive Types: Java provides eight primitive types (e.g., int, char, boolean)

with predefined sizes.

Expressions and Statements: Java uses logical and arithmetic operators to

form expressions, which are executed as statements.

Type Conversion: Automatic and manual type casting is supported.

String Handling: Java Strings are immutable objects, manipulated through

methods like concat and substring.

Classes and Objects: Objects are instances of classes, encapsulating data and

behavior.

Inheritance and Polymorphism:

Inheritance: Subclasses inherit fields and methods from parent classes,

promoting code reuse.

Polymorphism: Methods can be overridden to provide specific

implementations.

Garbage Collection:

Java's garbage collector automatically reclaims unused memory, preventing

memory leaks.

Exception Handling:

Java uses try-catch blocks to manage runtime errors gracefully.

UNIT II: Java Utilities and Collections

Java.lang Package:
Wrappers for Primitive Types: Java provides wrapper classes (e.g., Integer,

Double) for primitives.

Math Class: Includes methods for mathematical operations like sqrt, pow, and

abs.

Collections Framework:

A set of interfaces (e.g., List, Set, Map) and classes (e.g., ArrayList, HashMap)

for data structure manipulation.

Traversal mechanisms like iterators and streams simplify operations on

collections.

UNIT III: GUI, Windows, and Events

AWT and Swing:

AWT: Abstract Window Toolkit provides basic GUI components.

Swing: Advanced library with features like JFrame, JButton, and JPanel.

Event Handling: Listeners capture user interactions (e.g., ActionListener for

button clicks).

UNIT IV: Java Beans

Java Beans:

Reusable software components following conventions (e.g., get/set methods).

Properties and events are managed using the BeanInfo interface.

UNIT V: Web Design and Development

Web Design Pyramid:

Considers user needs, accessibility, and usability.

Focuses on creating intuitive and responsive websites.

Web Process Model:

Includes stages like goal setting, design, implementation, testing, and

deployment.

References:

E. Balagurusamy: Programming with Java.

H.M. Deitel & P.J. Deitel: Java: How to Program.

H. Schildt: Java 2: The Complete Reference.