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9 views2 pages

Tut 2

more m3 questions

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f20230188
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BITS, PILANI - K K BIRLA GOA CAMPUS

First Semester-2024-25
MATH- III Tutorial - 2

1 Show that y = x2 sin x and y = 0 are both solutions of x2 y ′′ − 4xy ′ + (x2 + 6)y = 0, and
that both satisfy the conditions y(0) = 0 and y ′ (0) = 0. Does this contradict Theorem
A (page 82)? If not, why not?

2 Consider the ODE


y ′′ + P (x)y ′ + Q(x)y = 0, ...............(∗)
where P (x) and Q(x) are continuous for all x, then show that
(i) A solution of (*) whose graph is tangent to the x-axis at some point must be
identically zero, i.e., zero for all x.
(ii) Find an equation of the above form y ′′ + P (x)y ′ + Q(x)y = 0, having x2 as a
solution, Why isnt part (i) contradicted, since the function x2 has a graph tangent to
the x -axis at 0?
(iii) Show that y = x and y = sin x are not a pair solutions of equation (*).
(iv) If y1 (x) and y2 (x) are two solutions of the equation (*) for all x and have a common
zero in this interval, show that one is constant multiple of the other.

3 Find the general solution of the following differential equations, when one of the solu-
tion y1 (x) is known
′′ ′
(i) x2 y + xy − 4y = 0, y1 (x) = x2
′′ ′
(ii) x2 y + xy + (x2 − 1/4)y = 0, y1 (x) = x−1/2 sin x
′′ ′
(iii) x2 y − x(x + 2)y + (x + 2)y = 0, y1 (x) = x
′′ ′
(iv) xy − (2x + 1)y + (x + 1)y = 0, y1 (x) = ex

4 Find the general solution of the following differential equations


′′ ′ ′′ ′
(i) y + y − 6y = 0, (ii) y − 9y + 20y = 0,
′′ ′ ′′ ′
(iii) y + y = 0, (iv) y + 8y − 9y = 0,
′′′ ′′ ′
(v) y (4) − y = 0, (vi) y − 3y + 4y − 2y = 0,

5 Find the general solution of the following equations by reducing them to constant
coefficient equation
′′ ′
(i) x2 y + pxy + qy = 0, p and q are constants, x > 0
2 ′′ ′
(ii) x y + 2xy − 12y = 0, x>0
′′ ′
(iii) x2 y − 3xy + 4y = 0, x>0
6 Consider the general homogeneous equation
′′ ′
y + P (x)y + Q(x)y = 0, (1)

and change the independent variable from x to z = z(x), where z(x) is an unspecified
function of x. Show that equation (1) can be transformed in this way to an equation
′
with constant coefficients if and only if (Q + 2P Q)/Q3/2 is constant.

7 Using the Method of Undetermined Coefficients find particular solution of the following
differential equations
′′ ′ ′′ ′
(i) y − 2y + 2y = ex sin x, (ii) y − 3y + 2y = 2xex + 3 sin x,
′′ ′′′ ′′ ′
(iii) y + y = sin3 x, (iv) y (4) − 2y + 2y − 2y + y = sin x

8 Using the Method of Variation of Parameters find the particular solution of the follow-
ing differential equations
′′ ′′ ′
(i) y + y = tan x, (ii) y − 3y + 2y = (1 + e−x )−1 ,
′′
(iii) y + y = x cos x,

9 Find the general solution of the following equations


′′ ′ ′′ ′
(i) (x2 − 1)y − 2xy + 2y = (x2 − 1)2 (ii) x2 y − 2xy + 2y = xex

10 Using Operator methods (Method 1,2 and 4), and find the particular solution of the
following differential equations
′′ ′′ ′
(i) y − y = x2 e2x , (ii) y − 2y − 3y = 6e5x ,
′′
(iii) y − 4y = e2x

11 Using the exponential shift rule to find the general solution of the following differential
equations

(i) (D − 2)3 y = e2x , (ii) (D + 1)3 y = 12e−x ,

12 Use the exponential shift rule to show that (D − r)k y = 0 has

y = (c1 + c2 x + c3 x2 + · · · + ck xk−1 )erx

as its general solution.

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