Laboratory No: 02 Date: _____________

Ds Malik Abdullah 21035001

NS Hamza Ali Zamaan 212516
AC Hamza 21097020
AC Saleem 21097040
GC Bilal 2018

Basic Networking Utilities

Objective

1. The objective of this lab is to give a brief introduction on basic networking utilities.
a. Basic networking utilities
b. Different IP Utilities

Software/Hardware Requirement

2. The software/hardware requirement is mentioned below:

a. PC with Windows 7 or above
b. Command Prompt

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

3. Designed to compensate for the deficiencies of IP protocol. ICMP’s functions are:

a. Announce network errors
b. Announce network congestion
c. Announce timeouts
d. Assist troubleshooting

4. Open “Command Prompt” from “Stat Menu”, commands such as ping, ipconfig, nslookup and
tracert will be implemented.

Ping Utility

5. The PING utility tests connectivity between two hosts. PING uses a special protocol called the
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to determine whether the remote machine (website, server,
etc.) can receive the test packet and reply. Also, a great way to verify whether you have TCP/IP installed
and your Network Card is working.

• The most common use of ping is to verify if a specific device, server, or website is reachable
on the network or the internet.
ping google.com

• ping measures the time it takes for a packet to travel to the destination and back (RTT),
providing an indication of the network's performance.
 Reply from 8.8.8.8: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=117

• ping reports the number of packets sent, received, and lost during communication.
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss)

6. These packets ask the remote destination to reply. If the remote destination is configured to
reply, it will respond with packets of its own. We'll start by Pinging the loopback address (127.0.0.1) to
verify that TCP/IP is installed and configured correctly on the local computer.

7. You will be able to see how long the round-trip time is between your computer and the
destination. You will see a “request timed out” message if packet loss is occurring, and you will see an
error message if your computer can’t communicate with the remote host at all.
8. Type following command as shown in command prompt box:

IP Config Utility

9. The IP Config command line will show detailed information about the network you're connected
to. It helps with reconfiguration of your IP address through release and renew as well. If you want to
know what you're IP address is -- ipconfig is what you type in the command prompt. ipconfig/all
will give you more detailed information. MACAddress, with other helpful information. Type following
command as shown in command prompt box:
10. Type ipconfig/release at the prompt window, press Enter. It will release the correct IP
configuration:

11. Type ipconfig/renew at the prompt window; press Enter & wait for a while. The DHCP server will
assign a new IP address for your computer.
Nslookup Utility

12. Nslookup is a networking application that sending queries to DNS(domain name system-
phonebook of internet) and request the domain name information. Nslookup provides a command-line
utility for diagnosing DNS problems. In its most basic usage, NSLookup returns the IP address with the
matching host name.

13. Type following command as shown in command prompt box:

Tracert Utility

13. Tracert is very similar to Ping, except that Tracert identifies pathways taken along each hop,
rather than the time it takes for each packet to return (ping).If you have trouble connecting to a remote
host you will use Tracert to see where that connection fails. Any information sent from a source
computer must travel through many computers / servers / routers before it reaches a destination. It may
not be your computer but something that is down along the way. It can also tell you if communication
is slow because a link has gone down between you and the destination.

18. Type following command as shown in command prompt box:

LAB REPORT

QUESTION NO. 1

Use Command Prompt to answer the following question also insert the screenshot of your work: (Note:
Your Name as user should be visible in the picture)

I. IP address: 192.168.22.179

II. Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 ➔ Class ( C )

III. Default gateway IP address: 192.168.22.254

IV. DNS server IP address: 8.8.8.8

V. DHCP server IP address: 192.168.22.254

QUESTION NO. 2

You must work on CMD and to paste the Screen Shoots along with answer over here:

I. Check whether www.nust.edu.pk is reachable or not? If Not then Why?

ANS: We are getting “Request time out” because www.nust.edu.pk is not responding (Even when we
try to access it through Browser) but nust.edu.pk is registered on DNS but we can not access it
directly.

II. No of packets send, receive and Lost %?

III. Check (by requesting 7 times) whether “www.google.com.pk” is reachable or not? If Not then
Why?

Answer: This site is reachable because its DNS Exists.

IV. No of Packets send receive & time to live?

V. Find the Domain Name by your IP address (Use nslookup command)

 VI. Trace the IP address of www.nust.edu.pk

But when we put this IP in browser we get no response, that’s why we did not get any
response when we pinged it earlier

VII. Explain the working of Tracert, ipconfig/release and ipconfig/renew commands.

Answer:

1. tracert Command:

• Traces the path packets take to a destination.

• Identifies each hop (router) along the route.
 • Useful for diagnosing network delays or failures.

2. ipconfig /release Command (cant not be done on CAE Internet):

• Releases the current IP address assigned by the DHCP server.

• Disconnects your system from its current network configuration.

3. ipconfig /renew Command (cant not be done on CAE Internet):

• Requests a new IP address from the DHCP server.

• Re-establishes network connectivity with a refreshed IP configuration.

Extra Commands

We can find all the Related commands and There Uses by using /?:

Ipconfig:

Ping:
Tracert:

Nslookup: