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Block 2 - Series Systems

System representation

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Abusabah I. A. Ahmed
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20 views2 pages

Block 2 - Series Systems

System representation

Uploaded by

Abusabah I. A. Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A First Course on Modelling and Control

by John Anthony Rossiter


Block Diagrams: series systems
INTERPRETING BLOCK DIAGRAMS: Lines represent signals and blocks represent systems.
An arrow (or line) into a block represents a system input. An arrow (or line) out of a block
represents a system output. Laplace transform of the output is the transfer function multiplied by
the Laplace transform of the input. HENCE

Y(s)=G(s)U(s) is equivalent to

Systems in series
Consider the context where the output from system 1 is the input to system 2. This can be
represented by two differential equations as illustrated here.
 System 1 has input u and output y.
 System 2 has input y and output x.
System 2
dy dx
System 1 a  by  ku and c  ex  my
dt dt
The overall system can now be modelled by using Laplace transforms as in the previous note.
 k   m 
Y (s)   U ( s )  G1 ( s )U ( s ); X (s)   Y ( s )  G2 ( s )Y ( s )
as
  b
 cs
  e

G1 ( s ) G2 ( s )
Combining these two equations and eliminating Y(s), one finds:
X ( s)  G2 ( s)Y ( s)  G2 ( s)G1 ( s)U ( s)  G ( s)U ( s)

G(s)
A block diagram is a good way of represents this linkage using arrows to represent the change of
Y(s) from an output of system 1 to an input of system 2.

X ( s)  G2 ( s)G1 ( s)U ( s)

REMARK: This concept is easily extended to multiple systems in series and in


practice users sketch the block diagram first and then write down the transfer
function relationships by inspection.
EXAMPLE OF 3 SYSTEMS IN SERIES AND THE BLOCK DIAGRAM REPRESENTATION

dw dz dy
 4w  2u;  z  w;  3 y  4 z;
dt dt dt
 2   1   4 
W ( s)   U ( s ); Z ( s )  W ( s ); Y ( s )   s  3  Z ( s)
s4 
  s  1
 
G1 ( s ) G2 ( s ) G3 ( s )

 Y ( s)  G3 ( s)G2 ( s)G1 ( s)U ( s)

QUESTION 1: Find a transfer function


dx dy
representation for the series system u4  2 x; 2 x  y
represented by the following two ODEs. dt dt
 

  1   2  
  2 
 X ( s)   U ( s); Y ( s)    X ( s )   Y ( s )   U ( s)
 4 s
  
2 s 
 1   4 s 2
 6 s  2 

 G(s) M (s) 

QUESTION 2: Given the following transfer functions and block diagram, find a relationship between
W(s) and P(s).
 1 2 0.42 
G(s)  ; M ( s)  ; N ( s)  2 
 4s  2 s 1 s  s  1

Using the definition of block diagram algebra, by inspection


 0.42  2  1 
P(s)=[N(s)M(s)G(s)]W(s) and hence P(s)   2   W (s)
 s  s  1  s  1  4s  2 

Published with Creative Commons License by J.A. Rossiter, University of Sheffield

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