ARC 2101: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN & DETAILING – III

CHECKLIST FOR LITERATURE REVIEW

A. References for Literature study:
 Neufert Architects’ Data
 Time-Saver Standards for Building Types
 Time-Saver Standards for Architectural Design Data
 Time-Saver Standards for Interior Design and Space
Planning
 Time-Saver Standards for Landscape Architecture
 Time-Saver Standards for Building Material and Systems
 Time-Saver Standards for Architectural Lighting
 Other References from books
 Building codes – specific requirement for design of
kindergarten facilities
 Nursery/Kindergarten School safety codes
B. Literature on memorial
C. Regulations – Byelaws, Statutory control, design guidance
D.
E To understand the following spatial requirement and
organisation:
Space requirement and their design criteria
 Typical activities in a kindergarten/nursery
 Spaces required for each of these typical activities
 Design criteria for each space
 Connectivity
 Circulation
 Privacy
 Lighting
 Ventilation
 Safety
 Security
 Services
 Barrier free, etc.
Spatial Organisation
A. Site level
 Entry and exit points – vehicular and pedestrian
 Number – 2W, 4W, bus
 Location - distance from entry gate, distance
from approach of building
 Position of the building – to understand the layouts
 Barrier free design – width of gate, approach to
building, pavement pattern, levels etc.
 Access to the building – steps, ramps, its width
 Utilisation of open spaces around the building –
landscaping, outdoor play area, seating etc.

Manipal School of Architecture and Planning Section C Faculty

  Landscape in the site – type of vegetation preferred
for kindergarten, soft and hardscapes
 Services in site
 Water supply – storage tank, location, capacity
 Power supply – electric meter room, generator
room
 Zoning in site – public, semi-public, private
B. Building level
 Study of different types of layouts to understand
 Desired number and location of entry/exit
points
 Possible location(s) of each space within a
building
 Relationship amongst the spaces
 List of possible building materials and structural
systems
 Services
o Does service requirement affect location of
rooms/spaces?
 Water supply
 Solid waste
 Air conditioning
o Underground water tank? OH water tank?
Position of OH water tank?
o Power supply
 Understanding various layouts w.r.t. identified design
criteria
 Area statement of different spaces and circulation
spaces (corridors and staircase)
C. Room/Unit level
 User and Activity
 Understanding the co relation between user,
activity and spaces
 General Movement patterns within various
types of rooms
 Area requirement for spaces/rooms
 Furniture sizes
 Clearances
 Minimum area required for circulation
 Preferred proximities between various spaces in a
residence
 Positioning of windows and doors
 Width
 Heights
 Daylight
 Air movement
 Anthropometry and Furniture study
 Anthropometry data for various users and age

Manipal School of Architecture and Planning Section C Faculty

 groups
 Standard furniture sizes
 Material study & Construction technology
 Various materials for walls, flooring, finishes
etc.
 Aesthetics of interiors
 Psychological effect of the colors
 Types of Paints & Finishes
 Types of textures
 Types of cladding and other surface treatments
 Method of application
 Relation of use of color /texture with respect to
user/age group etc
 Barrier-free design
 Horizontal and vertical Clearances required
 Materials
 Textures
F. Room/unit level:
Activities, min area required, storage, display: Literature
standards
i General area for group activities, reading corner/alcoves, doll
corner, house-keeping area, area for toys, art corner, storage
cubicles
ii Block area (provides variety of learning opportunities) –
development of self-expression, muscular co-ordination and
cognitive skills.
iii Manipulative toy area - manipulatives are learning tools - they
can grab attention and keep a child engaged.
iv Reading and Listening area – area to look at books or to be
read by teachers, or listen to a story.
v Doll and housekeeping area - the area provides opportunities
for learning through their own explorations and through
interactions. The children learn various skills and routines of their
own daily living.
Vi Art area – area for paintings, collages, playing with clay,
assortment of materials.
Vii Tutoring booth – enclosed space for teaching one child at a
time to be free of distractions.
viii Individual cubicles for storage – to store things belonging to
the child.
Ix Toilets
x Storage spaces – serves as utility area
xi Outdoor play area – includes planting area, sandbox, an open
area to play with balls, tubes etc. Some part came also be
covered area.
Outdoor storage space – to store outdoor equipment.
xii Observation space – the area encourages parents to observe
classes and be involved with the education of the child.

Manipal School of Architecture and Planning Section C Faculty

G. Provision of facilities based on AGE Groups
H. Materials for Recreational surfaces and Structure
Ex. Low maintenance synthetic surfaces, durability, flexible
I. Provisions of safety – higher standards of safety
J. Detail design considerations
Anthropometrics: spaces and furniture needs
Ranges of furniture used by children (ex. Mobile storage box,
trolleys, book storage, display trolleys, workbench etc.)
Various arrangements of furniture
K. Acoustical concern (as children’s voices are high pitched, and
most of the activities are noisy).

CHECKLIST FOR LITERATURE CASE STUDIES

A. Site Level
a. Location
b. History
c. Nearest landmark
d. Accessibility
Position of site w.r.t main road (ex. adjacent to main road, corner
site with two side access etc.)
Major access to site – Entry and Exit, vehicular and pedestrian,
entry gate width, material used for pavement
Barrier free design – levels in site, width of gate, pavement
pattern, approach to the building, steps/ramps, gradient, handrail
etc.
e. Road Geometrics in the site
f. Topography
g. Utilities
Water supply – water storage tank, sump, water supply sources,
municipal pipeline, drain line, capacity etc.
Solid waste and waste water disposal – location of chambers in
site, connection to main pipe, treatment methods
Electricity, telephone, sanitary, fire, storm water drainage, waste
disposal etc.

Manipal School of Architecture and Planning Section C Faculty

 h. Surrounding context
Neighbourhood structure, views and vistas, noise from streets etc.
i. Parking facilities
j. Soil type – type, foundation, landscaping
k. Landscape features in and around the site
Type of vegetation, numbers
Location, foliage etc. – positions in site, purpose etc.
Hardscape and softscape features
l. Site level zoning – public, semi-public, private
m. Site features/elements in detail
n. Environmental conditions
Noise
Vibrations
o. Sustainable aspects
Energy efficient methods
Rainwater harvesting, storm water management, solar power etc.
p. Buildings around
 Building use in general – residential, commercial,
institutional, industrial etc.
 Use(s) of adjacent site – open spaces, parks, residential
building
 Height - impact on site, merits and demerits
 Distance from the site – buildings around blocking or framing
the view, decisions for zoning in the site w.r.t.
neighbourhood use.
 Style of architecture – roof pattern, buildings merging with
the context or contrasting.
 Form/massing
 Façade
 Building material detail
B. Building Level
a. Planning study
 Design concept
 Number and location of entry/exit points
 Horizontal zoning of spaces
 Vertical zoning of spaces
 Hierarchy of spaces
 Proximities between various spaces
 Drawing (site plan, floor plans, elevations, sections,
detailing, views
 Area statement of different spaces and circulation spaces
(corridor, staircase etc.)
 Sketches
b. Climatic conditions
 Macro climate and micro climate
 Sun path – direction of sun, analyse the location of different
spaces w.r.t. sun path
 Wind directions – wind movement throughout the day,

Manipal School of Architecture and Planning Section C Faculty

 month, year, vegetation channelizing or deflecting wind in
site
 Rainfall
c. Parking planning
 Entry and exit
 Spaces and numbers (2W, 4W and bus)
 Signage
 Safety and security
 Driveways/circulation routes
d. Floor Plans study
 Floor plan with furniture layout
 Position of door and windows
 Circulation pattern
 Activity mapping
e. Basic data about activities
 Different times of the day (day to day activities of users and
occasional activities)
 User needs and preferences
 Number of occupants, age, gender, social, cultural aspects
 Location of different activities in the building
 Details of storage: areas
 Peak hours of building operation
 List of activity areas: major areas, support areas and service
areas
 Existing circulation diagram
 Orientation
 Interconnection of spaces
 Volume of individual spaces
f. Details of activity areas
Activity analysis for each activity (mention the activity area and
spatial environment):
 Floor area, room dimensions, volume of the space, number
of users
 Space/area for individual activities, ergonomic comfort
 List the Furniture, equipment, play items, objects,
belongings in use – design qualities, conditions, storage
requirements
 Interior items – less permanent features (furnishings,
furniture, carpet, curtains etc.)
 Spatial order and organisation
 Sense of security and privacy
 Sense of scale and proportion
 connectivity
 Minimum area required for circulation
g. Aesthetic assessment
 The built space within its immediate setting
 The relationship between built and unbuilt spaces (site,
building and landscape features

Manipal School of Architecture and Planning Section C Faculty

  Utilisation of open spaces around the building – landscaping,
outdoor seating etc.
h. Building material
 List of building material and structural systems
C Room/Unit level
a. User and activity
 Understanding the relationship between user, activity and
spaces
 Movement patterns within various types of rooms
 Furniture sizes
 Clearances
b. Position of doors and windows
Positioning of windows w.r.t.
Size of the windows
Heights
Views from window
Relation of the positioning of the window to the space inside.
 Quality of daylight
 Air movement
 Furniture
 Function of the room
Position of doors w.r.t furniture
 Width
 Height
 Materials used
Grills
 Safety
 Material
 Design
c. Anthropometry and Furniture study
 Anthropometry data for various users and age groups
 Height
 Comfort
 Clearances
 Function
 Standards furniture sizes for different age group
d. Amount of light
 Day lighting with respect to orientation
 Any glare, reflection, diffused etc.
e. Material study & construction technology
 Various materials choices for walls, flooring, finishes etc.
 Texture of the material
 Choice of material – motive
 Construction/fixing detail
f. Aesthetics of interiors
 Psychological effect of the colour
 Types of Paints & Finishes
 Types of textures

Manipal School of Architecture and Planning Section C Faculty

  Types of cladding and other surface treatments
 Method of application
 Relation of use of color /texture with respect to user/age
group etc.
Textures ,cladding, surface treatments
 Material
 Feel-hard, soft ,rough, smooth
 Durability
 Fixing method
 Application method
 Reason of choice
Fixtures
 Materials/finishes
 Heights
 Reason of choice
Finishes and Furnishings
 Materials
 Colors
 Textures
 Reason of choice
g. Barrier free design
 Horizontal and vertical clearances required
 Materials
 Texture
 Heights
 levels

Manipal School of Architecture and Planning Section C Faculty