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LESSON 6 - Machine Systems

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16 views26 pages

LESSON 6 - Machine Systems

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happymwamba7
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COOLING,

LUBRICATION,
AIR, FUEL AND
TRANSMISSION
SYSTEMS
Lecture: Mr Damiano Miti
[SA 123] B. Eng. UNZA
Lusaka, Zambia
COOLING SYSTEM
 An ICE converts only one third of heat to useful energy
 The other one third goes out with the exhaust gasses
 The remining one third must e controlled by the cooling system
The cooling system has three functions:
1. Removing surplus or unwanted heat
2. Maintain an efficient temperature under all operating conditions
3. Bring the engine when starting up to operating temperature ASAP
Overall function
 The overall function of the engine cooling system is to maintain an optimum engine
operating temperature
Classification of cooling systems
 Air cooled
 Water cooled
 Combined air and water cooled
AIR COOLED SYSTEM
 Have metal FINS on the outer
perimeter of the engine to
provide large surface area
for heat exchange.
 Heat is transferred from the
engine,
 through these fins, into the
atmosphere.
WATER COOLED SYSTEM
 Coolant is circulated around the cylinders and absorb heat from the
cylinder walls and cylinder head.
 Hot coolant enters the radiator in which the heat is passed on to air
that is flowing through the radiator.
 Coolant also prevents rust and corrosion from the water jackets.
 Coolant is a mixture antifreeze and water
Thermosyphon liquid cooling system
 Thermosyphon is closed cooling system
 Cold water enters the water jackets surrounding the cylinders
 Relying on natural circulation, the hot water which has absorbed the
heat from the cylinders rise to the top of the engine into the radiator
 The fan pulls air through the radiator to cool the water
Thermosyphon liquid cooling system
Components of cooling system
 Cooling fan
 Radiator
 Radiator pressure cap
 Cooling recovery tank
 Thermostat
 Water pump
CAUSES OF OVERHEATING
 Low water level
 Radiator blocked
 Fan belt slack
 Thermostat stuck/shut
LUBRICATION SYSTEM
The functions of lubrication is;
 Reduces friction and resulting wear between moving parts
 Cools engine surfaces by absorbing heat
 Act as a cleaning agent inside the engine

TYPES OF LUBRICANTS
 Oils
 Grease
Types of Lubrication systems
 Oil mist lubrication system - sometimes known as petrol
lubrication is specifically for stroke engines. The system involves
mixing oil with petrol,
 Splash feed lubrication system - lubricating oil is ‘splashed’ over
the moving parts by the crankshaft.
 Full pressure feed system - Contains a pump that pump oil into
the oil galleries in the engine.
Components of Lubrication systems
 Oil sump,
 Oil pump,
 Oil strainer,
 Oil filters
 Oil galleries
 Pressure valves
 Pressure gauge
AIR SUPLY SYSTEM
 1) Pre-cleaner
 (2) Main air cleaner
 (3) In-take manifold
 (4) Connecting pipes
 (5) Exhaust manifold
 (6) Muffler
 (7) Exhaust pipes.
TYPES OF AIR CLEANERS
DRY AIR CLEANERS
 traps all incoming dirt and allows clean air to pass
to engine.
 replaced at the stated service intervals, and the
dirty element discarded.

WET AIR CLEANERS


 Air passes through oil where the dust gets
trapped
 Servicing for this type of air cleaner involves:
cleaning the pre-cleaner and washing out the
wire mesh using paraffin.
FUEL SYSTEM
 Deliver proper mixture of air and fuel to be burnt efficiently
 Must store enough fuel

Components of petrol engine fuel system


 Fuel tank-provides storage
 Fuel filter-filters dirt from fuel
 Fuel pump-creates pressure in the system.
 Carburetor/EFI-meters the correct fuel to air ratios
 Fuel pipes-passage of fuel from tank to engine
 Inlet manifold-provides passage of fuel and air to engine
Flow in a petrol fuel system
 The fuel is pumped from the fuel tank to the filters.
 then carburetor/EFI through suitable pipe.
 then engine cylinder, through the inlet manifold
Components of diesel fuel system
 Tank
 Main fuel line
 fuel filter
 fuel lift pump
 fuel injection pump
 high pressure pipes
 injection nozzles
Discussion: Air Lock
 Air lock is simply the presence of air in the fuel system.
 1) Using your own words write down the complete procedure of bleeding out
air in a CI Engine fuel system
 2) Discuss and explain why it is vital to always maintain at least a half tank of
diesel fuel in a tractor.
TRANSIMISSION STYSTEM (POWER TRAIN)
The power train consists of;
 Clutch
 Gearbox
 Differential
 Final drives
 PTO
CLUTCH
 Clutch is used to connect and disconnect power from the engine
GEARBOX
 Gearbox is used for changing gears and reversing direction
DIFFERENTIAL
 Transmits power to the drives axles
 Allows wheels to turn at different speeds during turning
Differential lock (diff lock)
 Blocks functions of the diff so that wheels turn as a unit

Advantages of using diff lock


 Avoid getting stuck
 Drawbar power is increased
 Tractor moves straight
 Steering is easier
FINAL DRIVES
 Provides final reduction in speed and increase in torque to the wheels
PTO
 Supplies rotary power to implements.
End…

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