Palawan State University

Palawan State University- Del Sur

BALABAC CAMPUS

GE- ELECT: LIVING IN THE IT ERA GE- ELECT: LIVING IN THE IT ERA GE- ELECT: LIVING IN THE IT ERA

LEARNING PACKET 2:
THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

GE- ELECT: LIVING IN THE IT ERA GE- ELECT: LIVING IN THE IT ERA GE- ELECT: LIVING IN THE IT ERA
LEARNING PACKET 2: THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

OVERVIEW

Internet is defined as an information superhighway, to access information over the

web. However, it can be defined in many ways, internet is a world-wide global system of
interconnected computer networks.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Explore the current breakthrough technologies and disruptive innovations that have
emerged over the past few years.
2. Identify and analyze various emerging technologies.
3. Explore the evolution of the internet.
4. Identify and understand the different uses of internet in today’s generation.
5. Discuss the fundamental terms and definitions used in the internet.

LET US EXPLORE
Lesson 1: The Web
The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pages
containing text and graphic images. The world wide web is larger collection of interconnected
documents or content. It contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that
lead to related information. A collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme or
focus is called a Web site. The main page that all of the pages on a particular Web site are
organized around and link back to is called the site’s home page. Sir Timothy John Berners-
Lee OM KBE FRS FREng FRSA FBCS, also known as TimBL, is an English engineer and
computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web. He is a Professorial
Fellow of Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a professor at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology.

GE- ELECT: Living in the IT Era

LEARNING PACKET 2: THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

A. Web 1.0 (Read Only Static Web)

It is an old internet that only allows people to read from the internet. First stage worldwide
linking web pages and hyperlink. Web is use as “information portal”. It uses table to positions
and align elements on page.

• Most read only web.

• If focused on company’s home pages.
• Dividing the world wide web into usable directories.
• It means web is use as “Information Portal”.
• It started with the simple idea “put content together”

Example of Web 1.0

• Mp3.com
• Home Page
• Directories
• Page Views
• HTML/Portals.

Disadvantages

• Read only web

• Limited user interaction
• Lack of standards

B. Web 2.0 (Read-write interactive web)

A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an
increasing emphasis on human collaboration.

• It is a platform that gives users the possibility (liberty) to control their data.
• This is about user-generated content and the read-write web.
• People are consuming as well as contributing information through blogs or sites.
• Allows the user to interact with the page known as DYNAMIC PAGE; instead of just
reading a page, the user may be able to comment or create a user account.
• Dynamic page refers to the web pages that are affected by user input or preference.
• Is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online via social
media, blogging and Web-based communities.

Example of Web 2.0 are the following:

A. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected
with friends, family, colleagues, customers, or clients. Social networking can have a
social purpose, a business purpose, or both, through sites such as:

Facebook Twitter
LinkedIn Google+
Pinterest Tumblr

GE- ELECT: Living in the IT Era

LEARNING PACKET 2: THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

B. Blogs - is a discussion or informational website published on the world wide web

consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically
displayed in reverse chronological order, so that the most recent post appears first, at
the top of the web page.

Example: Wordpress

C. Wikis - is a hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own

audience directly using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the
subjects or scope of the project and may be either open to the public or limited to use
within an organization for maintaining its internal knowledge base.

Wikipedia
Wikibooks
Wikiversity
Commons
Wiktionary
Wikiquote

D. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people upload and share their video clips
with the public at large or to invited guests.

Youtube
Facebook
LinkedIn
Flickr
Photobucket
LinkedIn

Key Features of Web 2.0:

• Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely

chosen keywords (e.g., tagging).
• Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input. An example
would be a website that shows local content.
• User Participation – the owner of website is not the only one who is able to put content.
Others are able to place a content on their own by means of comments, reviews, and
evaluation.
• Long Tail – services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase. This is
synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you
spent on Internet or a data plan that charges you for the amount of bandwidth you used.

GE- ELECT: Living in the IT Era

LEARNING PACKET 2: THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

C. Web 3.0: (Read-write intelligent web)

• Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third generation of the
web.
• In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded with more
features. It applies same principles as Web 2.0: two-way interaction.
• Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic web technologies,
distributed databases, natural language processing, machine learning, machine
reasoning and autonomous agents.
• Semantic Web - provides a framework that allows data to be shared and reuse to
deliver web content specifically targeting the user.
• It is a web of data.
• Changing the web into a language that can be read and categorized by the system
rather than humans.
Types of websites:
1. eCommerce Website is a website people can directly buy products from you’ve
probably used a number of eCommerce websites before, most big brands and plenty of
smaller oneshave one. Any website that includes a shopping cart and a way for you to
provide credit card information to make a purchase fall into this category.

2. Business Website is any website that’s devoted to representing a specific business. It

should be branded like the business (the same logo and positioning) and communicate
the types of products and/or services the business offers.

3. Entertainment Website If you think about your internet browsing habits, you can
probably think of a few websites that you visit purely for entertainment purposes.

4. Portfolio Website are sites devoted to showing examples of past work. Service
providers who want to show potential clients the quality of the work they provide can use
a portfolio website to collect some of the best samples of past work they’ve done. This
type of website is simpler to build than a business website and more focused on a
particular task: collecting work samples.

5. Media Website collect news stories or other reporting. There’s some overlap here with
entertainment websites, but media websites are more likely to include reported pieces in
addition to or instead of content meant purely for entertainment.

6. Brochure Website are a simplified form of business websites. For businesses that know
they need an online presence, but don’t want to invest a lot into it (maybe you’re confident
you’ll continue to get most of your business from other sources), a simple brochure site
that includes just a few pages that lay out the basics of what you do and provide contact
information may be enough for you.

7. Nonprofit Website In the same way that businesses need websites to be their online
presence, nonprofits do as well. A nonprofit website is the easiest way for many potential

GE- ELECT: Living in the IT Era

LEARNING PACKET 2: THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

donors to make donations and will be the first place many people look to learn more
about a nonprofit and determine if they want to support it.

8. Educational Website The websites of educational institutions and those offering online
courses fall into the category of educational websites. These websites have the primary
goal of either providing educational materials to visitors or providing information on an
educational institution to them.

9. Infopreneur Website websites overlap a bit with business and eCommerce websites,
but they represent a unique type of online business. Infopreneurs create and sell
information products. That could be in the form of courses, tutorials, videos or eBooks.

10. Personal Website Not all websites exist to make money in some way or another. Many
people find value in creating personal websites to put their own thoughts out into the
world. This category includes personal blogs, vlogs, and photo diaries people share with
the world.

11. Web Portal are often websites designed for internal purposes at a business,
organization, or institution. They collect information in different formats from different
sources into one place to make all relevant information accessible to the people who
need to see it. They often involve a login and personalized views for different users that
ensure the information that’s accessible is most useful to their particular needs.

12. Wiki or Community Forum Website Most people are familiar with wikis through the
most famous example of one out there: Wikipedia. But wikis can be created on pretty
much any subject you can imagine. A wiki is any website where various users are able
to collaborate on content and all make their own tweaks and changes as they see fit.
There are wikis for fan communities, for business resources, and for collecting valuable
information sources.

GE- ELECT: Living in the IT Era

LEARNING PACKET 2: THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

Lesson 2: The Internet

The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the largest computer network in the world
that connects billions of computer user. The word internet comes from combination between
“interconnection” and “network”. Network is a collection of computers and devices connected
via communication channels and transmission media allow to share resources (hardware,
software, data, information). Generally, nobody owns the internet.

A. Brief History of Internet ARPA

Advanced Research Project Agency January 2, 1969 – started an experimental computer

network. Concept – No server, but equal importance/participation to every computer in the
network. Even if, one or two nodes destroyed that will now affect the network. In 1982 the
word internet started. 1986 – First “free net” created in Case Western Reserve University
1991: US government allowed business agencies to connect to internet. Now all people can
connect to the internet and improve their life and work quality. The internet support various
aspects in our life. Vinton Gray Cerf ForMemRS is an American Internet pioneer and is
recognized as one of "the fathers of the Internet", sharing this title with TCP/IP co-developer
Bob Kahn.

B. Major Components of the Internet

1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another computer program

and its user.

Types of Servers

Application Server – a program in computer that provides the business logic for an
application program.

Web Server – a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files.

Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint device, such
as computer and another server from which a user is requesting.

Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local users and remote
senders and forward outgoing e-mail for delivery

File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage and management of data files so
that another computer on the same network can access them.

Policy Server – is a security component of a policy – based network that provides

authorization services and facilities tracking and control of files.

GE- ELECT: Living in the IT Era

LEARNING PACKET 2: THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

2. IP Address (Internet Protocol) – is a numerical label assigned to each device. This

provides identity to a network device.

3. Browser – is an application program that provides a way to look information on

Example of browsers: Google chrome, safari, internet explorer, opera, Mozilla

4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook of internet. We access information

online through domain names.

Example of DNS: www.facebook.com, www.pup.edu.ph,www.academia.edu

Name Entity
.com Commercial
.org Organization
.net Network
.edu Education
.gov National and State Government Agencies
.ph Philippines
.au Australia

5. Internet Service Provider (ISP) – is an organization that provides services for

accessing, using or participating in the internet.

Two types of ISP:

National ISP – provided internet access to a specific geographic area.

Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in cities and towns, nationwide.

Example of ISP: Sky Broadband, PLDT, Converge

REFERENCES

• Luna., et al. (n.d.). Living in the IT Era: Instructional Material for Students, 1-118

GE- ELECT: Living in the IT Era