CAM 7, TEST 1

READING 1:

1. mammalian /məˈmeɪ.li.ən/ (adj): thuộc về động vật có vú = relating to mammals

- die out (v): tuyệt chủng; lỗi thời

Paraphrase: early mammals = mammalian ancestors

=> câu 2 sai vì ko đọc kỹ 2 câu cuối đoạn A

2. make a go of sth: cố làm thành công cái gì = to try to make something succeed, usually by working
hard

Paraphrase: hunt in the dark = make a go of the night-hunting trade

3. echo /ˈek.əʊ/ (n): tiếng vang, vọng

Echo around sw/ wih sth (v): vang vọng

Eg: the totally blind men usually use echoes of footsteps to sense the presence of obstacles.

4. limb (n): chân, tay của người/ đvật = an arm or leg of a person or animal

5. submarine (n): tàu ngầm

Marine (adj): thuộc về biển, đại dương

6. daytime trades = daytime economy

7. in the absence of light

8. obstruct (v): chặn tầm nhìn, lối vào, sự phát triển.… = to block a road, passage, entrance, etc. so that
nothing can go along it, or to prevent something from happening correctly by putting difficulties in its
way

9. scatter = disperse (v): phân tán = to (cause to) move far apart in different directions

Eg: the light is obstructed and scattered in extremely muddy and deep water.

READING 2

6. freshwater fish species

7. water withdrawals destroy the free-flowing river ecosystems

8. irrigation practices => degrade soil quality + reduce agricultural productivity

9. degrade (v): coi thường ai = to cause people to feel that they or other people have no value and do
not have the respect or good opinion of others

(v): tàn phá cái gì = to spoil or destroy the beauty or quality of something
10. entwine /ɪnˈtwaɪn/ (v): đan vào nhau = to twist together or around something

Eg: the history of human civilization is entwined with the history of the ways to manipulate water

11. manipulate (v): thao túng, ảnh hướng = to control something or someone to your advantage, often
unfairly or dishonestly

12. sewer (n): cống thoát chất thải = a large pipe, usually underground, that is used for carrying waste
water and human waste away from buildings to a place where they can be safely got rid of

13. replenish by/ with sth (v): lấp đầy gì = to fill something up again

READING 3

14. peripheral /pəˈrɪf.ər.əl/ (adj): ko quan trọng = Something that is peripheral is not as important as
something else

15. elusive (adj): khó nhớ, miêu tả = difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember

16. radical (adj): cấp tiến, đổi mới = believing or expressing the belief that there should be great or
extreme social or political change

Eg: a radical thinker/ reformer/ politician

17. under hypnosis (n): thôi miên

18. placebo /pləˈsiː.bəʊ/ (n): giả dược = a substance given to someone who is told that it is a particular
medicine, either to make that person feel as if they are getting better or to compare the effect of the
particular medicine when given to others

19. dispense sth (v): phân chia, cung cấp = to give out things, especially products, services, or amounts of
money

Eg: vending machines dispense snacks

20. categoric (adj): chắc chắn = without any doubt or possibility of being changed

TEST 2:

READING 1;

1. erect (v): xây dựng

2. carpenter (n): thợ mộc

3. sway (v): nghiêng ngả = to move slowly from side to side

4. tile (n): viên ngói

5. eave (n): mái hiên, liền vs mái nhà, nhô ra để che thêm = the edge of a roof that sticks out over the
top of a wall
Eg: the Japanese extend eaves of building further beyond the walls to prevent rainwater gushing down
the walls.

6. porcelain /ˈpɔː.səl.ɪn/ (n): gốm sứ

7. resilience (n) sự dẻo dai = the ability of a substance to return to its usual shape after being bent,
stretched, or pressed

8. pillar (n): cột trụ = a strong column made of stone, metal, or wood that supports part of a building

READING 2:

1. collateral /kəˈlæt.ər.əl/ (adj): có liên quan nhưng ít quan trọng hơn = connected but less important,
or of the same family although not directly related

(n): tài sản thế chấp khi đi vay

=> put sth up/ use sth/ pledge sth + as collateral

2. colossal /kəˈlɒs.əl/ (adj): rất rộng, lớn = extremely large

(điều xấu) rất tệ = (esp. of something bad) very great

Eg: they ask a colossal amount of money

Eg: the damages caused were colossal

3. externality (n): ngoại sinh = damage caused by a company's activities for which it does not pay, or
something positive created by it for which it does not receive payment.

4. exercise in (n): hành động để cải tiến gì = an action or actions intended to improve something or make
something happen.

5. intensive farming (n): trồng trọt-chăn nuôi tập trung

READING 3:

1. within locality = local area

2. building steps, handrails, footbridges: xây dựng bậc thang, tay vịn, cầu đi bộ

3. provide short-cuts up and down the hillsides: lên xuống sườn núi

TEST 3

READING 1+2:

1. propagate (v): nuôi trồng cây, động vật non = (of a plant or animal) to produce young plants or
animals

Tuyên truyền quan điểm, niềm tin,...= to spread opinions, lies, or beliefs among a lot of people

2. continuity (n): sự liên tục và giữ nguyên = the fact of something continuing for a long period of time
without being changed or stopped
Eg: cultural continuity

3. outstrip (v): lớn hơn về số lượng, mức độ, thành công hơn = to be or become greater in amount,
degree, or success than something or someone

4. prehistoric humans = distant ancestors

5. forage for sth (v): đi đây đó để kiếm thứ có thể ăn, sử dụng = to go from place to place searching for
things that you can eat or use

6. bearing (n): vị trí

=> get/ find one’s bearing = to discover your exact position.

7. scrutiny (n): sự kiểm tra kỹ lưỡng = the careful and detailed examination of something in order to get
information about it

=> be subjected/ come under scrutiny

8. paraphrase: waste = unwanted materials

9. swap = exchange (v): trao đổi gì với ai

=> do a swap: trao đổi

10. paraphrase: urban lifestyle = city life = live in urban setting

11. paraphrase: study of the origin and distribution of human populations = information on early
population movements

12. variant (n): biến thể di chuyền của 1 loài vi sinh vật

READING 3:

1. combat (v): ngăn chặn điều xấu xảy ra = to try to stop something unpleasant or harmful from
happening or increasing.

Eg: combat inflation/ crime rate

2. of the many forest problems of concern to Europe involve the largest number of countries >< those
confined to particular geographical areas: trong số những vấn đề lo ngại về rừng của châu âu liên quan
đến toàn khu vực >< những vấn đề giới hạn chỉ của 1 khu vực địa lý đặc thù

3. exclude = discard (v): ko bao gồm gì, loại bỏ gì

4. renewable = constantly renewed

5. condemn sb to sth/ do sth: khiến ai trong hoàn cảnh ntn = make sb suffer in a particular way

- condemn sb (v): chỉ trích, khiển trách ai nặng nề

6. unrivalled (adj): độc nhất vô song = having no equal; better than any other of the same type =
matchless, peerless, unique

Eg: unrivalled areas of freedom to unwind

8. …still exist >< there is no remaining…

9. natural forest = primary forest

10. national frontiers = national boundaries

11. transcend /trænˈsend/ (v): vượt qua = to go further, rise above, or be more important or better than
something, especially a limit

12. be given to continuity: được đảm bảo tính liên tục

13. resolution (n): nghị quyết

14. surveillance (n): sự giám sát (của cảnh sát) = the careful watching of a person or place, especially by
the police or army, because of a crime that has happened or is expected

Eg: they install surveillance cameras

Keep sth under surveillance

TEST 4: READING 1:

1. peruse /pəˈruːz/ (v): đọc, nghiên cứu kỹ gì = to read through something, especially in order to find the
part you are interested in

Eg: she peruses a book on the monument of Egypt

2. hieroglyph /ˈhaɪ.rə.ɡlɪf/ (n): chữ tượng hình = a picture or symbol that represents a word, used in
some writing systems, such as the one used in ancient Egypt

3. uncannily /ʌnˈkæn.əl.i/ (adj): kỳ lạ, lạ lùng = in a way that is uncanny (= strange and mysterious)

4. posture (n): tư thế = the way in which someone usually holds their shoulders, neck, and back, or a
particular position in which someone stands, sits, etc.

Eg: she adopts/ assumes the same postures for the cameras

5. spark (v): bđầu cái gì = to cause the start of something, especially an argument or fighting

Eg: he was puzzled by the picture that sparked her interest

6. heavy lifters => lift the heavy things

READING 2:

1. fur hunter (n): thợ săn long thú

2. a land mass (n): 1 khối đất liền

3. learn of sth (v): biết đến

4. commercial catches – commercial fisheries: đánh bắt thương mại

6. spawn (v): sinh sản, gây ra, tạo ra cái gì = to cause something new, or many new things, to grow or
start suddenly

Eg: the adult fishes show up to spawn

7. stock (n): nguồn cung cấp/ kho dự trữ cái gì = a supply of something for use or sale

Eg: this management mechanism allows salmon stocks

8. sport fishing = fishing for sport

9. put a halt to sth = bring sth to a halt= stop sth

10. sit in streamside: ngồi bên dòng nước

11. fishery (n): ngư trường = an area of water where fish are caught so they can be sold

(n): ngành thủy sản, đánh bắt

12.