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Math8 Q3 Module6

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7 views40 pages

Math8 Q3 Module6

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© © All Rights Reserved
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8

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module
6 Proving Two
Triangles are
Congruent

CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Proving Two Triangles are Congruent
First Edition, 2021

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over them.

Published by the Department of Education


Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module

Authors: : Michelle R. Alipao, Fe Gagarin A. Lilangan


Editor: : Joel B. Asonto
Reviewers : Ruel C. Alaan. Vicente P. Balbuena
Illustrators : Mercedita N. Pangilinan, Rachelle T. Tranquilo
Layout Artists : Jeru Salem O. Cuarteron, Ivin Mae N. Ambos,
Darven G. Cinchez
Management Team : Francis Cesar B. Bringas
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E-mail Address: [email protected]
8

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module
6 Proving Two
Triangles are
Congruent
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for
you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide


you step- by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared
for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons


in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this
module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance
for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you
need to answer the post-test to self- check your learning. Answer keys
are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest
in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher


are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary


marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully
before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in


answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
What I Need to Know

This module is designed for you to understand what it means for two
triangles to be congruent and the ways to prove that these triangles are
congruent using the theorems and postulates on triangle congruence. This
will help you also learn how to prove some theorems of triangle congruence
including the right triangles. You will be guided on how to make statements
step-by-step and how to make reasons in each corresponding statement.
The scope of this module enables you to use it in many different learning
situations. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module contains:

Lesson 1: Proving Two Triangles Are

Congruent After going through this module, you

are expected to:


1. identify conditions for triangle congruence;
2. use triangle congruence postulates and theorems to prove that two
triangles are congruent;
3. use two-column proof in proving that two triangles are congruent; and
4. recognize real-life applications of congruent triangles.

1
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
What I Know

Pre- Assessment:

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. “If two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent
to the corresponding two angles and an included side of another
triangle, then the triangles are congruent”. Which postulate
proves this statement?
A. AAS Congruence C. SAS Congruence
B. ASA Congruence D. SSS Congruence

2. Which statement is NOT sufficient to prove the congruence of two


triangles?

A. Three angles of one triangle are congruent respectively to


three angles of another triangle.
B. Three sides of one triangle are congruent respectively to the
three sides of another triangle.
C. Two angles and the included side of one triangle are
congruent respectively to the two angles and the included
side of another triangle.
D. Two angles and the non-included side of one triangle are
congruent respectively to the two angles and the non-
included side of another triangle.

For item numbers 3, 4 and 5 refer to the figure at the right.


3. ̅𝐶̅̅𝐼 bisects ̅𝐷̅̅𝑂̅ at V. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. ̅𝑂̅̅𝑉̅ ≅
C. ̅𝑂̅̅𝑉̅ ≅ 𝑉𝐷
̅𝑉̅̅𝐼
B. ̅𝐶̅̅𝑉̅ ≅ 𝑉𝐷 D. ∠𝐶𝑂𝑉 ≅ ∠𝑉𝐼𝐷

4. 𝑂𝐷 and 𝐶𝐼 bisect each other. Which set of congruence


statements is correct?
A. 𝑉𝐼 ≅ ̅𝑉̅𝐷̅, ̅𝐶̅̅𝑉̅ ≅ ̅𝑂̅̅𝑉̅ C. 𝑉𝐶 ≅ ̅𝑉̅𝑂̅, ̅𝑉̅̅𝐷̅ ≅ ̅𝑉̅̅𝐼
B. 𝐷𝑉 ≅ ̅𝑂̅𝑉̅, ̅𝐶̅̅𝑉̅ ≅ 𝐼̅̅𝑉̅ D. 𝑉𝑂 ≅ ̅𝑉̅𝐼 , ̅𝑉̅̅𝐶̅ ≅ ̅𝑉̅̅𝐷̅
̅ ̅̅ ̅ ̅ ̅̅
5. If 𝑂𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝐼 bisect each other, which set of congruence
statements is correct?
A. ∠𝐶𝑉𝑂 ≅ ∠𝐼𝑉𝐷, ̅𝑂̅̅𝑉̅ ≅ ̅𝑉̅̅𝐼 , ̅𝐶̅̅𝑉̅ ≅ ̅𝑉̅̅𝐷̅
B. ∠𝐶𝑉𝑂 ≅ ∠𝐼𝑉𝐷, ̅𝑂̅̅𝑉̅ ≅ ̅𝑉̅̅𝐷̅ , ̅𝐶̅̅𝑉̅ ≅ ̅𝑉̅̅𝐼

2
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
C. ∠𝐶𝑉𝑂 ≅ ∠𝐼𝑉𝐷, ∠𝑉𝐶𝑂 ≅ ∠𝑉𝐼𝐷, 𝐶 ̅ ̅̅𝑉̅ ≅ ̅𝑉̅̅𝐷̅
D. ∠𝐶𝑉𝑂 ≅ ∠𝐼𝑉𝐷, ∠𝑉𝑂𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑉𝐷𝐼, 𝑂̅̅𝑉̅ ≅ ̅𝑉̅̅𝐼
̅

3
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
6. Refer to the figure at the right, ̅𝑂̅̅𝑉̅ ⊥ ̅𝐷̅̅𝐸̅ at V. Which set of
congruence statements can be used to prove that
∆𝐷𝑉𝑂 ≅ ∆𝐸𝑉𝑂 by HyA Congruence Theorem?
A. ̅𝑂̅̅𝐸̅ ≅ ̅𝑂̅̅𝐷̅ , ̅𝐷̅̅𝑉̅ ≅ ̅𝐸̅̅𝑉̅
B. ̅𝑂̅̅𝐸̅ ≅ ̅𝑂̅̅𝐷̅ , ̅𝑂̅̅𝑉̅ ≅ ̅𝑂̅̅𝑉̅
C. ̅𝑂̅̅𝐷̅ ≅ ̅𝑂̅𝐸̅ , ∠𝑂𝐷𝑉 ≅ ∠𝑂𝐸𝑉
D. ̅𝑂̅̅𝐷̅ ≅ ̅𝑂̅𝐸̅, ∠𝐷𝑉𝑂 ≅ ∠𝐸𝑉𝑂

For item numbers 7 and 8, consider the figures at the right.

7. Which one states the congruence of the two triangles?


A. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐸𝐹𝐷 C. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐸𝐷
B. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐸𝐷𝐹 D. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐷𝐸

8. Which theorem or postulate can prove the


congruence of the two triangles?
A. AAS Congruence C. SAS Congruence
B. ASA Congruence D. SSS Congruence

9. It is given that ∆𝐶𝐴𝑁 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐸𝐷 . Which of the following statement/s is/are


true?

i. ∠𝐶𝐴𝑁 ≅ ∠𝐹𝐸𝐷 ii. ∠𝐴𝑁𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐸𝐷𝐹 iii. CA ≅ FE


A. i and ii C. ii and iii
B. i and iii D. i, ii, and iii

10.The figure at the right shows that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐸𝐷.


Which theorem or postulate supports this
statement?
A. AAS Congruence
B. ASA Congruence
C. SAS Congruence
D. SSS Congruence

For item numbers 11 and 12, use the figure below.


A

S I

11.Which of the following statements is NOT correct if 𝐼 is the midpoint of


AK and 𝑆𝐼 ⊥ 𝐴𝐾 𝑎𝑡 𝐼 ?
A. ∠𝑆𝐴𝐾 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑆𝐾𝐴 are right anglesC. SI ≅ SI
B. ∠𝑆𝐼𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑆𝐼𝐾 are right angles D. AI ≅ KI

4
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
12.Given: 𝑆𝐼 bisects ∠𝐴𝑆𝐾, SI ⊥ AK 𝑎𝑡 𝐼, which of the following
statements about triangle congruence is true?
A. ∆𝐼𝑆𝐴 ≅ ∆𝐼𝑆𝐾 𝑏𝑦 𝐴𝑆𝐴 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 .
B. ∆𝐼𝑆𝐴 ≅ ∆𝐼𝐾𝑆 𝑏𝑦 𝑆𝐴𝑆 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
C. ∆𝑆𝐼𝐴 ≅ ∆𝑆𝐾𝐼 𝑏𝑦 𝐴𝑆𝐴 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
D. ∆𝑆𝐼𝐴 ≅ ∆𝑆𝐾𝐼 𝑏𝑦 𝑆𝐴𝑆 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒

13.Triangles 𝑀𝐴𝑁 and 𝑆𝐸𝑊 are right


triangles. If AN ≅ ES and 𝑁𝑀 ≅ 𝑆𝑊 ,
what special right triangle theorem will
prove that ∆𝑀AN ≅ 𝑊ES ?

A. HyA Congruence Theorem


B. HyL Congruence Theorem
C. LA Congruence Theorem
D. LL Congruence Theorem
Congruent triangles are commonly seen in buildings
and other structures such as bridges, towers and the like. The
figure below is a bridge showing congruent triangles.
For items 14 and 15, refer to the image at the right. Complete the
proof below by choosing the letter of the correct answer.
A. ASA Congruence Postulate
B. SAS Congruence Postulate
C. SSS Congruence Postulate
D. ̅𝑅̅̅ ̅𝑇̅̅𝐴̅
𝐴̅ ≅
̅𝑆̅̅𝐴̅
E. ̅𝑆̅̅𝐴̅
̅𝑆̅̅𝑇̅

F. ̅𝑆̅̅
𝑇̅ ≅

Given: 𝑆𝑅 ≅ 𝑆𝑇
𝑆𝐴 bisects ∠𝑅𝑆𝑇

Prove: ∆𝑆𝑅𝐴 ≅ ∆𝑆𝑇𝐴

Proof:
Statements Reasons

1. SR ≅ ST 1. Given
2. SA bisects ∠𝑅𝑆𝑇 2. Given
3. Definition of Angle
3. ∠𝑅𝑆𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑇𝑆𝐴
Bisector

5
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
4. (14) 4. Reflexive Property
5. ∆𝑆𝑅𝐴 ≅ ∆𝑆𝑇𝐴 5. (15)

Lesson
Proving Two
1 Triangles are
Congruent

A new tree park site will


be built in your school in
which it will contain three
triangular gardens. The
design for the tree park is
shown on the graphing paper.

Does garden DRY and


WET have the same sizes and
shapes? Are they congruent?

If yes, how can we prove


that the two triangles are
congruent?

How can we apply


triangle congruence theorem
to prove that the two triangles
are congruent?

Let us first review the


previous topic by answering
the activity in the next page.

Enjoy!

6
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
What’s In

Activity: Match Me!

Directions: Math each figure in Column A with the corresponding triangle


congruence postulate in column B. Choose the letter of the
correct answer. Use a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

1.

A. Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)
2.

3. B. Side-Angle-Side (SAS)

4
C. Side-Side-Side (SSS)

5.

Questions:
1. How did you find the activity? Do you find it difficult to
identify what congruence postulate is illustrated in each figure?
2. What is your basis in determiningwhich congruencepostulate
is illustrated in each given figure?

7
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
What’s New

Directions: List down the corresponding congruent parts of each pair


of congruent triangles and answer the questions that follow.

Congruent Triangles Corresponding Congruent parts


1.

2.

Questions:

a. Were you able to list down the corresponding congruent


parts of each pair of congruent triangles? If yes, what is
your basis in identifying the congruent parts?
b. Are the corresponding congruent parts enough to prove that
the two triangles are congruent?
c. What congruence postulate can be used to prove the
congruence of each pair of triangles?

8
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
What is It

In the previous lesson, you learned that triangles are congruent if


they have exactly the same shape and size. Specifically, two triangles are
congruent if and only if their vertices can be made to coincide so that
corresponding sides are congruent and corresponding angles are
congruent. However, in certain cases, if the three pairs of corresponding
parts are congruent, then it is sufficient to prove that two triangles are
congruent.

Let us now recall the conditions under which two triangles are congruent.

1. SAS (Side-Angle-Side) Congruence Postulate

If two sides and an included angle of one triangle are congruent to the
corresponding two sides and the included angle of another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.

2. ASA (Angle-Side-Angle) Congruence Postulate

If two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to the
corresponding two angles and an included side of another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.

3. SSS (Side-Side-Side) Congruence Postulate

If three sides of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding three


sides of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

From these congruence postulates mentioned above, other theorems


can be deduced.

Suppose you are given the measures of two angles and a non-
included side, are these information sufficient to prove the congruence of
the two triangles?

AAS (Angle-Angle-Side) Congruence Theorem

If two angles and the non-included side of one triangle are congruent respectively to the
two angles and the non-included side of another triangle, then the two triangles are
congruent.

D C
In Figure 1, given that ∆DOG ≅ ∆CAT,
D ≅ C , G ≅ T as marked, while DO ≅ CA
tells the congruence of the non-included
O A
sides. The proof of this theorem is presented

9 Figure 1
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
in Example 3.
G T

1 Figure 1
0 CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
Another theorem that can be deduced from the congruence
postulates are the congruence of right triangles. Below are the illustrations
and descriptions of each theorem.

HyA (Hypotenuse-Acute angle) Congruence Theorem

If the hypotenuse and an acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to the
corresponding hypotenuse and an acute angle of another right triangle, then the triangles
are congruent.

This theorem can be applied to right triangles


only. Figure 2 at the right shows two
right triangles
∆RGA and ∆MSA. The hypotenuses AR and AM are
congruent as marked, RGA and MSA are congruent
because they are right angles, GAR and SAM
are acute angles and
GAR  SAM because they are vertical angles.
Using these congruent parts, the two triangles are Figure 2
congruent by HyA Congruence Theorem. The proof
of this theorem is shown in Example 4.

HyL (Hypotenuse-leg) Congruence Theorem

If the hypotenuse and a leg of one right triangle are congruent to the
corresponding hypotenuse and a leg of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

Again, this theorem can be applied to right


triangles only. As shown in Figure 3 at the right,
∆USB  ∆ARC. US and
𝐴𝑅 are legs, and UB and 𝐴𝐶 are the hypotenuses of the
given triangles, US  AR and UB  AC as marked,
while S  R , because both are right angles. The two
right triangles are congruent by HyL Congruence Figure 3
Theorem. The proof of this is found in Example 5.

11
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
LA (leg-acute angle) Congruence Theorem

If a leg and an acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to a leg and an
acute angle of another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

In the two right triangles in Figure 4, GU and


RA are the congruent legs as marked, and M
and P are congruent acute angles as marked,
and G  R because
both are right angles. Hence, ̅𝐺̅̅𝑈̅ and ∠𝑀 are congruent
respectively to ̅𝑅̅̅𝐴̅ and ∠𝑃. The two right triangles are
congruent by LA Congruence Theorem. The proof
of this theorem is shown in Example 6.

Figure 4

LL (Leg Leg) Congruence Theorem

If the legs of one right triangle are congruent to the legs of another right triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.

In the right triangles in Figure 5 at the


right, AB and OC are the longer legs while BG and
CP are the shorter legs of the two triangles. AB 
OC and BG  CP as
marked. Hence, we can conclude that the two legs
of ∆𝐵𝐴𝐺
are congruent to the two legs of ∆𝐶𝑂𝑃 so, ∆𝐵𝐴𝐺 ≅
∆𝐶𝑂𝑃 by LL Congruence Theorem. The proof of Figure 5
this theorem is shown in Example 7.

How do we prove that two triangles are congruent? How do we prove


the different triangle congruence theorems? Here are the steps in proving
that two triangles are congruent.

12
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
Steps in Proving Congruence of Two Triangles

Step 1. Identify what the given are, and what is to be proved. Mark the given
information on
the diagram.
Step 2. Identify the congruence theorem to be used and the additional information
needed
and why.

Now, let us apply the congruence postulates and theorems


in proving congruent triangles using the illustrative examples
below.

Example 1. Prove that ∆𝑅𝐴𝑊 ≅ ∆𝑅𝑆𝐷 in Figure 6


at the right.
Step 1. Identify what the given are and what is
to be proved.

Given: ̅𝐴̅̅𝑅̅ ≅ ̅𝑆̅̅𝑅̅ , ̅𝑊̅𝑅̅ ≅ Figure 6


̅𝐷̅̅𝑅̅
Prove: ∆𝑅𝐴𝑊 ≅ ∆𝑅𝑆𝐷

Step 2. Identify the congruence theorem to be used and the


additional information needed and why.

∠𝑊𝑅𝐴 and ∠𝐷𝑅𝑆 are vertical angles so they


are congruent by Vertical Angle Theorem, hence SAS
congruence postulate can be used to prove ∆𝑅𝐴𝑊 ≅ ∆𝑅𝑆𝐷.

Step 3. Write down the statements and the reasons in a two-column proof.
Make sure the last statement contains what should be proved.

Two-column proof:
Statements Reasons
1). 𝐴𝑅 ≅ 𝑆𝑅 , ̅𝑊̅𝑅̅ ≅ ̅𝐷̅̅𝑅̅
̅ ̅̅ ̅ ̅ ̅̅ ̅ 1). Given
2). ∠𝑊𝑅𝐴 and ∠𝐷𝑅𝑆 are vertical 2). Definition of vertical angles
angles
3). ∠𝑊𝑅𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷𝑅𝑆 3). Vertical Angle Theorem
4). ∆𝑅𝐴𝑊 ≅ ∆𝑅𝑆𝐷 4). SAS Congruence Postulate

We were able to show the congruence of the two triangles using SAS
congruence postulate.

13
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
Example 2. Based on Figure 7 at the right, prove that ∆𝑅𝐸𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐴𝑅.

Step 1. Identify what the given are and what


is to be proved.

Given:
̅𝑅̅̅𝐸̅ ≅ ̅𝐶̅̅𝐴̅ , ̅𝐸̅̅𝐶̅ ≅ ̅𝐴̅̅𝑅̅
Prove: ∆𝑅𝐸𝐶 ≅
∆𝐶𝐴𝑅 Figure 7

Step 2. Identify the congruence theorem to be used and the


additional information needed and why.

̅𝐶̅̅𝑅̅ is the common side of ∆𝑅𝐸𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐶𝐴𝑅, so by reflexive


property. Hence, SSS postulate can be used to prove ∆𝑅𝐸𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐴𝑅
because each of the three sides of ∆REC is congruent respectively to the
three sides of ∆CAR.

Step 3. Write down the statements and the reasons in a two-column proof.
Make sure the last statement contains what should be proved.

Two-column proof:
Statements Reasons
1). ̅𝑅̅̅𝐸̅ ≅ ̅𝐶̅̅𝐴̅ , ̅𝐸̅̅𝐶̅ ≅ ̅𝐴̅̅𝑅̅ 1). Given
2). ̅𝐶̅̅𝑅̅ ≅ ̅𝐶̅̅𝑅̅ 2). Reflexive Property
3). ∆𝑅𝐸𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐴𝑅 3). SSS Congruence Postulate

Example 3. In the Figure 8 at the right, prove that D C


∆𝐷𝑂𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐴𝑇
Step 1. Identify what the given are and what
is to
O
be proved A
Given: ̅𝐷̅̅𝑂̅ ≅ ̅𝐶̅̅𝐴̅ , ∠𝐷 ≅ ∠𝐶 , ∠𝐺 G
≅ ∠𝑇 Figure 8
T
Prove: ∆𝐷𝑂𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐴𝑇

Step 2. Identify the congruence theorem to be used and the additional


information needed and why.

Since it is given that ∠𝐷 ≅ ∠𝐶 , ∠𝐺 ≅ ∠𝑇, then by Angle Sum Theorem, ∠𝑂


≅ ∠𝐴.

Angle Sum Theorem states that the sum of the measures of the
angles of a triangle is 180°. Because the two corresponding pairs
of angles are already congruent, so the third pair of angles are
also congruent.
Thus, the two triangles can be proven either by ASA congruence
postulate
14
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
or by AAS congruence theorem.

15
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
Step 3. Write down the statements and the reasons in a two-column proof.
Make sure the last statement contains what should be proved.

Two-column proof:
Statements Reasons
1). 𝐷𝑂 ≅ 𝐶̅̅𝐴̅ , ∠𝐷 ≅ ∠𝐶 , ∠𝐺 ≅
̅ ̅̅ ̅ ̅ 1). Given
∠𝑇
2). ∆𝐷𝑂𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐴𝑇 2). AAS Congruence Theorem
or
1). ̅𝐷̅̅𝑂̅ ≅ ̅𝐶̅̅𝐴̅ , ∠𝐷 ≅ ∠𝐶 , ∠𝐺 ≅ 1). Given
∠𝑇
2). 𝑚∠𝐷 = 𝑚∠𝐶; 𝑚∠𝐺 = 𝑚∠𝑇 2). Definition of Congruent
Angles
3). 𝑚∠𝐷 + 𝑚∠𝑂 + 𝑚∠𝐺 = 180𝑜 3). Angle Sum Theorem In a
𝑚∠𝐶 + 𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝑇 = triangle
180𝑜
4a). 𝑚∠𝑂 = 180𝑜 − 𝑚∠𝐷 − 4). Addition Property of Equality
𝑚∠𝐺
4b). 𝑚∠𝐴 = 180𝑜 − 𝑚∠𝐶 −
𝑚∠𝑇
5). 𝑚∠𝐴 = 180𝑜 − 𝑚∠𝐷 − 5). Substitution Property (2)
𝑚∠𝐺
6). 𝑚∠𝑂 = 𝑚∠𝐴 6). Transitive Property of
Equality
(4a & 5)
7). ∠𝑂 ≅ ∠𝐴 7). Converse of the Definition of
Congruent Angles
8). ∆𝐷𝑂𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐴𝑇 8). ASA Congruence Postulate

You have noticed that in this example, we were able to prove the
congruence of the given triangles by ASA postulate and at the same
time by AAS theorem.

Let us try to use AAS congruence theorem in proving triangle


congruence in the next example.

Example 4. In the right triangles in Figure 9 at the right, prove that ∆𝐴𝑅𝐺 ≅
∆𝐴𝑀𝑆.
Step 1. Identify what the given are and what is to be
proved.

Given: ̅𝑅̅̅𝐴̅ ≅ ̅𝑀̅̅̅𝐴̅ , ∠𝐺 and ∠𝑆 are right angles


Prove: ∆𝐴𝑅𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐴𝑀𝑆
Step 2. Identify the congruence theorem to be
used and the additional information needed and Figure 9
why.

Since ̅𝑅̅𝑀̅ intersects 𝐺


̅ 𝑆
̅ ̅, vertical angles are formed,
and vertical angles are congruent. Thus, AAS congruence theorem
can be used to prove ∆𝐴𝑅𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐴𝑀𝑆.

16
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
Step 3. Write down the statements and the reasons in a two-column proof.
Make sure the last statement contains what should be proved.

17
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
Two-column proof:
Statements Reasons
1). ̅𝑅̅̅𝐴̅ ≅ ̅𝑀̅𝐴̅ 1). Given
2). ∠𝐺 and ∠𝑆 are right angles 2). Given
3). ∠𝐺 ≅ ∠𝑆 3). Right Angle Theorem
4). ∠𝑅𝐴𝐺 and ∠𝑀𝐴𝑆 are vertical 4). Definition of Vertical Angles
angles
5). ∠𝑅𝐴𝐺 ≅ ∠𝑀𝐴𝑆 5). Vertical Angles Theorem
6). ∆𝐴𝑅𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐴𝑀𝑆 6). AAS Congruence Theorem
Hence, the two triangles are congruent by AAS theorem.

Example 5. Figure 10 at the right shows that the hypotenuses and legs
of the two right triangles are given to be congruent
respectively. Prove that ∆𝐵𝑈𝑆 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐴𝑅.
Step 1. Identify what the given are and what is to
be proved

Given: ̅𝑈̅̅𝑆̅ ≅ ̅𝐴̅̅𝑅̅ , ̅𝐵̅̅𝑈̅ ≅ ̅𝐶̅̅𝐴̅ , ∠𝑆 and ∠𝑅


are right angles
Prove: ∆𝐵𝑈𝑆 ≅ Figure 10
∆𝐶𝐴𝑅
Step 2. Identify the congruence theorem to be used and the additional
information needed and why.

The congruence of the ∆𝐵𝑈𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐶𝐴𝑅 can be proven using SSS congruence
postulate and HyL congruence theorem.

Case 1): In using the SSS congruence postulate, there is a need to


show the congruence of ̅𝑆̅̅𝐵̅ and ̅𝑅̅̅𝐶̅ using the Pythagorean equation
since the given triangles are right triangles.

Case 2); ∆𝐵𝑈𝑆 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐴𝑅 can also be proven using the HyL
congruence theorem because the given triangles are right triangles.
Step 3. Write down the statements and the reasons in a two-column proof.
Make sure the last statement contains what should be proved.

Two-column proof:
Case 1:
Statements Reasons
1). 𝑈𝑆 ≅ 𝐴̅̅𝑅̅ , ̅𝐵̅̅𝑈̅ ≅ ̅𝐶̅̅𝐴̅
̅ ̅̅ ̅ ̅ 1). Given
2). |𝑈𝑆| = |𝐴𝑅|, |𝐵𝑈| = | 2) Definition of congruent
𝐶𝐴| segments
3) ∠𝑆 and ∠𝑅 are right 3). Given
angles.
4). ∆𝐵𝑈𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐶𝐴𝑅 are right 4). Definition of right triangle.
triangles.
5a). |𝐵𝑈|2 = |𝑈𝑆|2 + |𝑆𝐵| 5). Pythagorean Theorem
2
5b). |𝐶𝐴|2 = |𝐴𝑅|2 + |𝑅𝐶|

18
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
2
6a). |𝐵𝑈|2 − |𝑈𝑆|2 = |𝑆𝐵| 6). Addition Property of Equality
2
6b). |𝐶𝐴|2 − |𝐴𝑅|2 = |𝑅𝐶|
2
7). |𝐵𝑈|2 − |𝑈𝑆|2 = |𝑅𝐶|2 7). Substitution Property (2)
8a). |𝑆𝐵| = √|𝐵𝑈|2 − |𝑈𝑆| 8). Raising Each Side to a Power
2 Property
8b). |𝑅𝐶| = √|𝐵𝑈|2 − |𝑈𝑆|2
9). |𝑆𝐵| = |𝑅𝐶| 9). Transitive Property
10). ̅𝑆̅̅𝐵̅ ≅ ̅𝑅̅̅𝐶̅ 10). Converse of the Definition
of
Congruent segments
11). ∆𝐵𝑈𝑆 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐴𝑅 11). SSS Congruence
Postulate

Case 2:
Statements Reasons
1). ̅𝑈̅̅𝑆̅ ≅ ̅𝐴̅̅𝑅̅ , ̅𝐵̅̅𝑈̅ ≅ ̅𝐶̅̅𝐴̅ 1). Given
2) ∠𝑆 and ∠𝑅 are right 2). Given
angles.
3). ∠𝑆 ≅ ∠𝑅 3). Right Angle Theorem
4). ∆𝐵𝑈𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐶𝐴𝑅 are 4). Definition of right triangle.
right triangles.
5). ̅𝑈̅̅𝑆̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅𝐴̅̅𝑅̅ are legs of the 5). Definition of leg of a
right triangles right triangle. (A side
of a right triangle
opposite an acute
angle is called leg.)
6). ̅𝐵̅̅𝑈̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅𝐶̅̅𝐴̅ are the 6). Definition of hypotenuse.
hypotenuses of the right
triangles.
7). ∆𝐵𝑈𝑆 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐴𝑅 7). ) HyL Congruence Theorem

Example 6. In Figure 11 at the right, corresponding


congruent parts of the right triangles are
similarly marked. Prove that ∆𝐺𝑈𝑀 ≅ ∆𝑅𝐴𝑃.
Step 1. Identify what the given are and what is to be
proved,

Given: ̅𝐺̅̅𝑈̅ ≅ ̅𝑅̅̅𝐴̅ , ∠𝑀 ≅ ∠𝑃 , ∠𝐺 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑅 are right angles

Prove: ∆𝐺𝑈𝑀 ≅ ∆𝑅𝐴𝑃


Figure 11
Step 2. Identify the congruence theorem to be used
and the additional information needed and why.
By the Right-Angle theorem, ∠𝐺 ≅ ∠𝑅, plus the given above, we can
prove that
19
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
∆𝐺𝑈𝑀 ≅ ∆𝑅𝐴𝑃 by AAS congruent theorem. And since the given
triangles are right triangles, ∆𝐺𝑈𝑀 ≅ ∆𝑅𝐴𝑃 can be proven by LA
congruence theorem.
Step 3. Write down the statements and the reasons in a two-column proof.
Make sure the last statement contains what should be proved.

20
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
Two-column proof:
Statements Reasons
1). 𝐺𝑈 ≅ 𝑅𝐴̅ , ∠𝑀 ≅ ∠𝑃
̅ ̅̅ ̅ ̅ ̅̅ 1). Given
2). ∠𝐺 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑅 are right angles 2). Given
3). ∠𝐺 ≅ ∠𝑅 3). Right Angle Theorem
4). ̅𝐺̅̅𝑈̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅𝑅̅̅𝐴̅ are legs of the 4). Definition of leg of a right
right triangles. triangle
Leg is a side of a right
triangle
opposite an acute angle.
5). ∠𝑀 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑃 are acute 5). Acute angle in a right
angles in the right triangles triangle is
opposite to a leg.
6). ∆𝐺𝑈𝑀 ≅ ∆𝑅𝐴𝑃 6). AAS Congruence Theorem
7). ∆𝐺𝑈𝑀 ≅ ∆𝑅𝐴𝑃 7) LA Congruence Theorem

Example 7. The two legs of ∆𝐵𝐴𝐺 are congruent respectively to the two
legs of ∆𝐶𝑂𝑃. The two triangles are right. Prove that ∆𝐵𝐴𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐶𝑂𝑃
Step 1. Identify what the given are and what is to be
proved

Given: ̅𝐵̅̅𝐴̅ ≅ ̅𝐶̅̅𝑂̅ , ̅𝐵̅̅𝐺̅ ≅ ̅𝐶̅𝑃̅, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐺 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑂𝐶𝑃


are right triangles
Prove: ∆𝐵𝐴𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐶𝑂𝑃
Step 2. Identify the congruence theorem to be used
and the additional information needed and why.
Since the two triangles, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐺 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑂𝐶𝑃 are right, hence 𝐵 ≅ 𝐶.
Based on the given congruent parts, ∆𝐵𝐴𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐶𝑂𝑃 by SAS congruence
postulate.

The congruence of the corresponding legs of the two triangles


will lead us to show that ̅𝐴̅̅𝐺̅ ≅ ̅𝑂̅̅𝑃̅ through the use of Pythagorean
Theorem. So,
∆𝐵𝐴𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐶𝑂𝑃 can also be proven using SSS Congruence Postulate.
And since the corresponding legs of the right triangles are
congruent, it can also be proven by LL congruence theorem, as
shown in step 3 below
Step 3. Write down the statements and the reasons in a two-column proof.
Make sure the last statement contains what should be proved.

Two-column proof:
Statements Reasons
1). 𝐵𝐴 ≅ 𝐶̅̅𝑂̅ , ̅𝐵̅̅𝐺̅ ≅ ̅𝐶̅̅𝑃̅
̅ ̅̅ ̅ ̅ 1). Given
2). ∆𝐴𝐵𝐺 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑂𝐶𝑃 are right 2). Given
triangles

21
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
3). ∠𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐶 are right 3). Given in the figure.
angles
Definition of right triangle.
4). ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐶 4). Right-Angle Theorem
̅ ̅̅𝐴̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅𝐶̅̅𝑂̅, ̅𝐵̅̅𝐺̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅𝐶̅̅𝑃̅ are
5). 𝐵 5). Legs are sides of a right
pairs of corresponding triangle opposite the acute
legs of the right triangles angles.
6). ∆𝐵𝐴𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐶𝑂𝑃 6). LL Congruence Theorem

Now let us try to explore examples of triangle congruence in the real-


world and prove that these triangles are congruent.

rib

Example 8. Shapes formed by the ribs,


stretchers, and shaft are congruent whether an
umbrella is open or closed. Prove that the
2
triangles formed by the shaft and the ribs are
Stretcher
congruent.

Step 1. Identify what the given are and what Shaft


is to be proved
Given: Quadrilateral RAIN is a parallelogram,
and ̅𝐴̅𝑁̅ is a diagonal.
Prove: ∆𝐴𝑅𝑁 ≅ ∆𝑁𝐼𝐴
Step 2. Identify the congruence theorem to be used and the additional
information needed and why.
The congruence between ∆𝐴𝑅𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑁𝐼𝐴 can be proven by
SSS, ASA, and SAS congruence postulates.

Step 3. Write down the statements and the reasons in a two-column proof.
Make sure the last statement contains what should be proved.
Proof: Case 1:
Statements Reasons
1). Quadrilateral RAIN is 1). Given
a
parallelogram.
2). ̅𝐴̅𝑁̅ is a diagonal. 2). Given

3). ̅𝐴̅𝑅̅≅̅ ̅𝑁̅𝐼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅𝑅̅𝑁̅ ≅ 𝐼̅̅𝐴̅ Opposite sides of a


parallelogram are congruent.
4). ̅𝐴̅𝑁̅ ̅≅̅̅̅𝐴̅̅𝑁̅ 4). Reflexive Property
5). ∆𝐴𝑅𝑁 ≅ ∆𝑁𝐼𝐴 5). SSS Congruence Postulate

22
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
Proof: Case 2:
Statements Reasons
1). Quadrilateral RAIN is 1). Given
a parallelogram.

2). ̅𝐴̅𝑁̅ is a diagonal. 2). Given


3). ∠𝑅 ≅ ∠𝐼 Opposite angles of a
parallelogram are congruent.
4). ̅𝐴̅̅𝑅̅ ≅ ̅𝑁̅𝐼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅𝑅̅𝑁̅ ≅ 𝐼̅̅𝐴̅ Opposite sides of a
parallelogram are congruent.
5). ∆𝐴𝑅𝑁 ≅ ∆𝑁𝐼𝐴 5). SAS Congruence Postulate

Proof: Case 3:
1). Quadrilateral RAIN is 1). Given
a parallelogram.

2). ̅𝐴̅𝑁̅ is a diagonal. 2). Given

3). ̅𝐴̅̅𝑅̅ || ̅𝑁̅𝐼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅𝑅̅𝑁̅ || 𝐼̅̅𝐴̅ Opposite sides of a


parallelogram are parallel.
3). ∠1 ≅ ∠4 and ∠2 ≅ Alternate interior angles are
∠3 congruent if parallel lines are
cut by a transversal
4). ̅𝐴̅𝑁̅ ≅ ̅𝐴̅𝑁̅ 4). Reflexive Property

5). ∆𝐴𝑅𝑁 ≅ ∆𝑁𝐼𝐴 5). ASA Congruence Postulate

Example 9. Determine if triangles are congruent. Consider the figure


at the right. The diagonals of the tower form triangles. Consider ∆𝐴𝐸𝐶
and ∆𝐹𝐸𝐷 as illustrated.

Step 1. Identify what the given are and what is to


be proved.
Given: Quadrilateral ADFC is an isosceles
trapezoid, and ∠𝐸𝐴𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐸𝐹𝐷.

Prove: ∆𝐴𝐸𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐸𝐷

Step 2. Identify the congruence theorem to be used


and the additional information needed and
why.

23
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
∠𝐸𝐴𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐸𝐹𝐷 given congruent angles
∠𝐸𝐶𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐸𝐷𝐹 congruent because Alternate Interior
Angles
∠𝐴𝐸𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐹𝐸𝐷 congruent by Vertical Angle Theorem
̅𝐴̅̅𝐶̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅𝐷̅̅𝐹̅ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑡 Parallel sides of a trapezoid are not
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 congruent.
̅𝐴̅̅𝐸̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅𝐸̅̅𝐹̅ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑡 Diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 do not
̅𝐶̅̅𝐸̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅𝐸̅̅𝐷̅ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑡 bisect each other.
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡
Notice that the three pairs
∆𝐴𝐸𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 are not corresponding angles of the two
congruent. triangles are congruent. However, this
fact will not be sufficient to
prove triangle congruence

The Angle-Angle-Angle (AAA) combination shows that the two


triangles may have the same shape but different sizes. In the
figure, ∆𝐴𝐸𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐹𝐸𝐷 have corresponding angles congruent but
their sizes are not the same, hence their corresponding sides are
not congruent. Therefore, ∆𝐴𝐸𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐹𝐸𝐷 are not congruent.

What’s More

Activity 1: Give Me!

I. Using the given congruent parts, state the postulate or theorem that
proves
∆𝐽𝐴𝑆 ≅ ∆𝑀𝐼𝑁 M
J
̅ ≅𝑀
1. 𝐽𝑆 ̅ ̅̅𝑁̅, ∠𝐽 ≅ ∠𝑀, 𝐽̅̅𝐴̅ ≅ ̅𝑀̅𝐼 A I

2. ∠𝑆 ≅ ∠𝑁, ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐼, 𝑆̅ ̅̅𝐴̅ ≅ ̅𝑁̅𝐼


̅ ̅̅𝐴̅ ≅ ̅𝑁̅𝐼
3. ∠𝐽 ≅ ∠𝑀, ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐼, 𝑆
S N

II. Give additional congruent parts needed to prove that ∆𝐶𝐴𝑅 ≅


∆𝑇𝑂𝑌 by the indicated postulate.
1. ̅𝑨̅̅𝑹̅ ≅ ̅𝑶̅̅𝒀̅, ∠𝑹 ≅ ∠𝒀 ; SAS
2. ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑇, ̅𝐴̅̅𝐶̅ ≅ ̅𝑂̅̅𝑇̅ ; ASA
3. ̅𝑇̅̅𝑂̅ ≅ ̅𝐶̅̅𝐴̅, ̅𝑇̅̅𝑌̅ ≅ ̅𝐶̅̅𝑅̅ ; SSS

III.
24
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
25
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
In each figure, congruent parts are marked. Give additional parts to
prove that the triangles are congruent and name the postulate or
theorem that justifies the congruence.
1. A R 2.
R S

H
P T
3. T 4.

O N

A G

Questions:
1. How did you identify the postulate or theorem in part I?
2. How did you identify the additional part to prove that
the two triangles are congruent in Part II?
3. Were you able to give an additional congruent part in Part
III to prove that the two triangles are congruent? If yes,
how?

Activity 2: Fill Me Up B

Given: R is the midpoint of ̅𝐴̅̅𝑈̅ R U


A
∠𝐴 and ∠𝑈 are right angles
Prove: ∆𝐵𝐴𝑅 ≅ ∆𝐹𝑈𝑅 F

Proof: (Complete the table)

1. R is the midpoint of ̅𝑨̅̅𝑼̅


Statements Reasons
1.
2. 2. Definition of Midpoint
3. 3. Given
4. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑈 4.
5. ∠𝐵𝑅𝐴 and ∠𝐹𝑅𝑈 are 5. Definition of Vertical
vertical angles Angles
6. 6. Vertical Angle Theorem
7. ∆𝐵𝐴𝑅 ≅ ∆𝐹𝑈𝑅 7.

26
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
Questions:
1). What are the identified congruent corresponding parts?
2). What congruence postulate and congruence theorem can be
used to prove that
∆𝐵𝐴𝑅 ≅ ∆𝐹𝑈𝑅 ?
Activity 3. My Home

Trusses in our houses form


congruent triangles similar to the
picture at the right.

Given: ̅𝑯̅𝑶̅ ≅ ̅𝑯̅𝑬̅ ≅ ̅𝑴̅̅̅𝑬̅


̅𝑴̅̅𝑶̅ ,

Prove: ∆𝐻𝑂𝐸 ≅ ∆𝑀𝑂𝐸

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ̅𝑯̅𝑶̅ ≅ ̅𝑴̅̅𝑶̅ , ̅𝑯̅𝑬̅ ≅ ̅𝑴̅̅̅𝑬̅ 1.
2. 2. Reflexive Property
3. ∆𝐻𝑂𝐸 ≅ ∆𝑀𝑂𝐸 3.

Questions:
1. How do you find the activity? Did you find it difficult to
prove the congruence of two triangles?
2. Why do you think the trusses in our houses form congruent triangles?
3. List down at least five things in your house, buildings or other
structures found in your community where congruent triangles are
used. Explain the importance of congruent triangles in these
structures.

27
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
What I Have Learned

Fill each blank with correct answer.

Two triangles are congruent if and only if their


can be made to coincide such that
Name and
corresponding are congruent and
describe the
corresponding are congruent.
triangle
congruence
postulates Instead of showing the six corresponding congruent
and theorems parts, the congruence postulates and theorems reduce
by filling up these into three. The Congruence Postulates are
the , , and
blanks with the
correct answer .

The Congruence Theorems are ,


, , ,
and . The AAS Congruence Triangle
Theorem is deduced from Congruence
Postulate. and are
theorems which can be proved using the AAS
Congruence Theorems while and
are theorems which can be proved

Illustrate the three


triangle
congruence
postulates

Answer this!
Why do congruent triangles appear in many structures such as buildings and towers?

28
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
What I Can Do

The Buntun bridge spans the Cagayan River. It is 1,369 m long and
said to be the longest river bridge in the country. It was opened in 1947
and has been known as the gateway to the City of Tuguegarao.
The bridge has never been flooded by
the river but it almost did when
typhoons Ondoy and Juan hit the city.
One of the reasons why it still stands
magnificently until today because of
its structures that are made of
congruent triangles.
In the figure at the right, it is given that
̅𝑬̅𝑫̅ ≅ ̅𝑹̅̅𝑩̅ and ̅𝑬̅𝑫̅ // ̅𝑹̅̅𝑩̅ .

Prove that ∆𝑹𝑬𝑫 ≅ ∆𝑫𝑩𝑹 by


completing the two-column proof
below.

Proof: Buntun Bridge

Statements Reasons
1. ̅𝐸̅̅𝐷̅ ≅ ̅𝑅̅̅𝐵̅
1.
̅𝐸̅̅𝐷̅ // ̅𝑅̅̅𝐵̅

2. ∠𝐵𝑅𝐷 & ∠𝐸𝐷𝑅 are alternate 2.


interior angles

3. ∠𝐵𝑅𝐷 ≅ ∠𝐸𝐷𝑅 3.

4. ̅𝑅̅̅𝐷̅ ≅ ̅𝑅̅̅𝐷̅ 4.

5. ∆𝑅𝐸𝐷 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐵𝑅 5.

29
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the theorems below states that: “If two angles and a non-
included side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding
two angles and a non-included side of another triangle, then the
triangles are congruent.”?

A. HyA Congruence Theorem C. LL Congruence Theorem


B. HyL Congruence Theorem D. AAS Congruence Theorem

2. Which of the following theorems states that: “If the hypotenuse


and an acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to the
corresponding hypotenuse and an acute angle of another right
triangle, then the triangles are congruent.”?

A. HyA Congruence Theorem C. LA Congruence Theorem


B. HyL Congruence Theorem D. LL Congruence Theorem

3. Which of the following pairs of triangles below are congruent and


can be proved by SAS Congruence?

ii iii
i.

i
i
.

A. i and ii C. iii
B. ii and iii D. i, ii, and
iii

4. In the figure at the right, ̅𝑶̅𝑻̅ is a


perpendicular bisector of ̅𝑯̅𝑺̅ at T. What
triangle congruence theorem can be
used to prove that ∆𝐻𝑂𝑇 ≅ ∆𝑆𝑂𝑇?

A. LL Congruence Theorem C. HyL Congruence Theorem


B. HyA Congruence Theorem D. AAS Congruence Theorem
30
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
5. In the figures at the right, ∠𝐸 ≅ ∠𝐴, 𝐸𝑇 ≅
𝐴𝑌. What additional data is needed to
prove that ∆𝑁𝐸𝑇 ≅
∆𝑃𝐴𝑌 by SAS Congruence?

A. ∠𝑁 ≅ ∠𝑃 C. 𝑁𝐸 ≅ 𝑃𝐴
B. ∠𝑇 ≅ ∠𝑌 D. 𝑁𝑇 ≅ 𝑃𝑌

6. Which statement is NOT sufficient to prove the congruence of two


triangles?

A. Two angles and the included side of one triangle are


congruent respectively to the two angles and the included
side of another triangle.
B. Two sides of one triangle are congruent respectively to the
two sides of another triangle
C. Two angles and the non-included side of one triangle are
congruent respectively to the two angles and the non-
included side of another triangle.
D. Three sides of one triangle are congruent respectively to the
three sides of another triangle.

For items 7 to 9, complete the table below. Choose the letter of the
correct answer from the choices provided.

A. ∠𝐶𝑈𝐸 and ∠𝑇𝑈𝐸 are right angles D. SAS Congruence Postulate


B. Given E. Right Angle Theorem
C. EU ≅ EU
E
Given: 𝐸𝑈 is the ⊥ bisector Figure No. 1
of 𝐶𝑇
Prove: ∆𝐶𝑈𝐸 ≅ ∆𝑇𝑈𝐸 C U T

Proof:
Statements Reasons

1. 𝐸𝑈 is the ⊥ bisector of (7 )
𝐶𝑇
2. ∠𝐶𝑈𝐸 and ∠𝑇𝑈𝐸 Definition of Perpendicular
are right Line
angles Segments
3. ∠𝐶𝑈𝐸 ≅ ∠𝑇𝑈𝐸 Right Angle Theorem

4. 𝐶𝑈 ≅ 𝑈𝑇 Definition of ⊥ bisector
5. (8) Reflexive Property
6. ∆𝐶𝑈𝐸 ≅ ∆𝑇𝑈𝐸 (9)

31
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
For items 10 to 12, use figure no. 1 and its given data to complete the
table below by choosing the letter of the
correct answer below.

Given: 𝐸𝑈 is the ⊥ bisector of 𝐶𝑇


Prove: ∆𝐶𝑈𝐸 ≅ ∆𝑇𝑈𝐸

A. LA Congruence Theorem F. ∆𝐶𝑈𝐸 ≅ ∆𝑇𝑈𝐸


B. Definition of perpendicular bisector G. 𝐶𝑈 ≅ 𝑈𝑇
C. LL Congruence Theorem H. ̅𝐶̅̅𝑈̅ ≅ ̅𝐸̅𝑈̅
D. HyL Congruence Theorem I. ̅𝐸̅𝑈̅ ≅ ̅𝐸̅𝑈̅
E. HyA Congruence Theorem J. ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑇

Statements Reasons

1. 𝐸𝑈 is the ⊥ bisector of 𝐶𝑇 1. Given

2. U is the midpoint of 𝐶𝑇 2. (10)


3. (11) 3. Definition of Midpoint
4. ∠𝐶𝑈𝐸and ∠𝑇𝑈𝐸 are 4. Definition of
right angles perpendicular
bisector
5. ∠𝐶𝑈𝐸 ≅ ∠𝑇𝑈𝐸 5. Right Angle Theorem
6. ̅𝐸̅̅𝑈̅ ≅ ̅𝐸̅𝑈̅ 6. Reflexive Property
7. ∆𝐶𝑈𝐸 ≅ ∆𝑇𝑈𝐸 7. (12)

13. You are tasked to make a design of the flooring of your barangay
hall using triangles. The available materials are square tiles. How
are you going to make the design?

A. Apply triangle congruence by SSS


B. Apply triangle congruence by SAS.
F. Apply triangle congruence by ASA.
G. Apply triangle congruence by AAS.

14. The figure at the right shows a ring with a


rhombus-shaped diamond. 𝐼𝐺 divides
the diamond into two congruent
triangles. What reason will justify that
IRG ≅ 𝐼𝑁𝐺?

A. Adjacent angles congruent


B. Vertical angles are congruent
C. Alternate interior angle congruent
D. Opposite angles of a rhombus are congruent

32
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
15. Using the same figure in no. 14, what triangle congruence
postulate/theorem may NOT be used to prove that ∆𝑅𝐼𝐺 ≅ ∆𝑁𝐼𝐺?
A. SSS B. SAS C. SAA D. H

Additional Activities

During a storm, a man supported his hut by using three wires of


equal length. The wires are staked to the ground at different points 𝑅, 𝑆,
𝑇 which are of the same distance from the base of the hut. Explain and
illustrate how you can prove that the angles formed by the wires attached
to the ground are all congruent.

Your output will be rated using the following rubrics

10 8 6 4 2

Able to Able to Able to Able to Was not


provide provide an provide provide a able to
correct, explanation explanation brief provide an
logical, and and explanatio explanation
explanation illustration illustration n without and
and of the hut of the hut illustratio illustration.
illustration of but not but the hut n.
the hut complete being
completely and clear illustrated is
and clearly not strong
enough to
survive the
storm.

33
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
Answer Key

SAS Congruence ∆𝑅𝐸𝐷 ≅


̅ 𝑅̅̅ ̅̅𝐷
5.
𝑅 𝐷
Reflexive property ̅ ̅ ̅≅ 4.
angles are congruent
transversal, alternate interior
When parallel lines are cut by a ∠𝐵𝑅𝐷 ≅ 3.
interior angles
angles are alternate
(Students’ answers vary.) Definition of alternate interior
̅ 𝐸̅̅ ̅̅̅𝐷̅ //
∠𝐵𝑅𝐷 & 2.
𝑅 𝐵
̅𝐸̅̅𝐷̅ ≅ ̅𝑅̅̅𝐵̅
̅
Given
Additional Activities and 1.
Reasons Statements
What I Can Do
15. D Postulates.
14. D SSS the using are proved which theorems
HyL are and while LL AAS Congruence Theorems
A 13.
using the be proved can which theorems HyA are
C 12. LA and Postulate. ASA Congruence from deduced
G 11. is Theorem AAS Triangle HyL. The HyA, and
B 10. LL, LA, AAS, are Theorems Congruence The
D 9.
C 8. Postulates are SSS, SAS, and ASA.
B 7. The Congruence theorems reduce these into three.
and postulates the congruence parts, congruent
B 6.
corresponding the six of showing Instead
C 5.
A 4. congruent.
D 3. sides are angles are congruent and corresponding
A 2. ing that correspond such paired can be vertices
D 1. only if their if and are congruent Two triangles
Assessment What I Have Learned

̅𝑂̅̅𝐺̅ ≅ 𝑂̅ 𝐺̅̅ ;̅ HyL 4.


∠SAD ≅ ∠FAT; SAS
̅𝑅̅̅𝑇̅ ≅ ̅𝑅̅̅𝑇̅; ASA
3.
Congrue nce
̅𝐴̅̅𝑇̅̅𝑅̅ ≅ ̅𝐴̅̅𝑇̅; SSS
Postulate 2.
SSS Congruence
̅𝑂𝑂
̅̅𝐸̅̅𝐸
3. 3. 1.
2. ̅ ̅ ̅≅ 2.
̅𝐴𝑂̅̅𝑅̅̅𝑌
III.
Given 1. 1. ̅ ̅ ̅≅ 3. B
15.
Reasons Statements
𝐶̅ ̅̅𝑅̅ ≅
∠A ≅ 2.
̅𝑇̅̅𝑌
∠O E
14.
Activity 3 ̅ 1.
What’s More
B
13.
II.
Postulate AAS Congruence Theorem 3. A
12.
Congruence ASA 7. 7. ASA Congruence Postulate 2. A
11.
∠FR SAS Congruence Postulate 1. A
10.
6. UA
∠BR 6. I. D9.
5. ≅ 5. What’s More! Activity 1
B8.

𝐶̅ ̅𝑅̅ ≅
Theorem
̅𝐶̅𝑅
Right Angle 4.
C7.
4. ̅
𝐸 𝑅 ̅𝐷𝑊 ̅̅𝑅̅ ̅𝑅̅ ≅
∠𝐴𝑅𝑊 ≅
̅𝐴̅𝐶̅ ̅ ≅
angles C6.
̅
̅𝐶̅ ̅𝐸̅ ≅
̅
𝐴 ̅̅ ̅̅𝑅
B5.
𝑅̅𝐴
are right
.𝑆
̅ 𝑅
̅ ̅ ̅≅ 1
̅ 𝐴̅̅ ̅̅𝑅
3. ∠A and 3. 2. B4.
𝑅 𝑈
∠U
̅
2. ̅ ̅≅ 2. What's New C3.
Given 1. 1. A2.
Reasons Statements
5. B 4. C 3. A 2. B 1. C B1.
Activity 2
What I Know
What’s More What's In

34
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
References

A. Book

1. Emmanuel Abunzo, et. al., Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module


(Pasig City, Philippines:

Book Media Press, Inc. and Prinwell, Inc., 2013).

2. A Baccay, Geometry for Secondary Schools (Philippines: Phoenix


Publishing House), 140-190.
3. Ricardo Crisostomo, Priscila de Sagun, and Alicia Padua, Our World of Math
(Quezon City, Philippines: Vibal Publishing House, Inc., 2013).
4. Soledad Dilao and Julieta Bernabe, Geometry (Quezon City,
Philippines: SD Publication, Inc., 2010).
5. Robert Kalin and Mary Kay Corbitt, Geometry, Prentice Hall (Jurong,
Singapore: Pearson Education, Inc., 1993).
6. Karl Romero and Freidrich Jose, Geometry in the Real World:
Explorations and Applications (Makati City, Philippines: Salesiana
Publishers, Inc., 2003).

B. Electronic Resources

1. www.mathbitnotebook.com/Geometry/BasicTerms/BTauxiliary.html

2. Regional Training for Teachers on Critical Content in Mathematics 8, 2018.

3.
https://www.google.com/search?
q=free+downloadable+rhombus+shape+ring&tbm
=isch&hl=en&chips=q:free+downloadable+rhombus+shape+ring,online_c
hips:diam
ond&hl=en&ved=2ahUKEwiuiKerjePqAhVPA6YKHW0YBsUQ4lYoAHoECAE
QFg&bi w=1349&bih=608#imgrc=pVlCtS2FzkwFJM

35
CO_Q3_Mathematics 8_Module 6
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985


Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]

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