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Database

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8 views4 pages

Database

Uploaded by

elviskipchumba528
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A database is an organized collection of data stored in a computer system in some organized

manner to make the retrieval of these data items from the database, based on a given criteria be
as easy and quickly as possible.

Database System = Database + DBMS

A Database is

A large, integrated collection of data

Models a real-world enterprise.

Entities (e.g., students, courses)

Relationships (e.g., Mary takes CS123)

Types of database

 Access
 Sql
 Oracle

Early examples of database applications were accounting systems and airline reservations
systems, such as SABRE, developed starting in 1957.

Major problems that arises with database

1. Alteration:- records can be altered and falsified


2. Data inconsistency:- one piece of data or information pertaining to a particular record
does not concur with other piece in a different file.
3. Data redundancy- this mean duplication of information in various files. This causes data
inconsistency
4. Data security-prevention of unaouthorised access of sensitive information is never
guaranteed in the manual filing system.
5. Absent of backup mechanism-copy of original document is very important.

Others

1. Stealing
2. Destruction

Advantages of database system

1. Store multiple records:- can store many records of different types


2. Provide an easy way for retrieval and update of records
3. Allow multiple users to access the same data

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4. Reduce data duplication
5. Enhance data security- use of password and username
6. Reduce data redundancy-minimises duplication of data by integrating files so that same
data is stored in one file.
7. Ensure data integrity- ensure data comply with the set up standards in order to ensure its
validity and consistency.

Data Organization in a database

Data is organized in terms of:

1. Character- is the simplest basic unit that accepts only one character at a time. Eg A, ?
2. Fields- is a combination of characters, it is a predefined area that stores a particular piece
of data items such as a name.
3. Records- is a collection of fields. Name+date of birth+address forms a record. In a table
it is a row.
4. Files- is a combination of records. It is a data structure that is used to store data on a large
storage device eg hard disk.REGNOB

Features of a database

1. Tables- are the fundamental database structures organized in rows and columns for the
storage of data. The rows hold complete records while columns contain common fields
such as customer ID, name etc
Data types in a table: one the correct data type utilized

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2. Queries:- is a tool used to ask questions about the data in the database stored in the
tables. It is used to retrieve specific data items from the tables. Structured Query
Language (SQL) statements are used.
3. Forms- are Graphical User Interface(GUI) that enable the user to enter data into the
database tables.
4. Reports- used to display data from the tables and queries. Reports cannot be used to
enter data into the tables.

Creating a database.

Create the following tables

Students details

FIRST NAME SURNAME ADM NO COUNTY TELEPHONE


GWARE KWETU 2340 TURKANA 254-909-070
PAPLE VINE 2341 KIAMBU 254-783-939
PNAK TUU 2342 MACHAKOS 254-458-998
QWR DDFG 2342 KISSI 254-849-948

Students RESULTS

ADMNO EXAM
2340 PASS

3
2341 PASS
2342 FAIL
2342 CREDIT

Students fees records

ADMNO PAID AMOUNT BALANCE


2340 40000 0
2341 34000 6000
2342 37500 2500
2342 40000 0

EXERCISE

1. Create a query to filter students with 0 balance


2. Create a form that can be used to input data in the above tables
3. Create a report for students with 0 fees balance.

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