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Database Basics

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Database Basics

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pratyushkumarsenapati
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Unit 7 – Database Development

UNIT – 7
Database Development

Database – A database is an organized collection of data. For example:- In a


stationary shop, detailed records of the materials available in the shop is database.
Similarly in a computerized system, we need to maintain several files, we would
used database programs such as Microsoft Access, OpenOffice.org Base, and
MySQL. These database programs are used to organize the data as per our needs in
the computer system.

Database Management System (DBMS) - A database management system is a


software package with computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance
and use of a database. A DBMS allows different user application programs to
concurrently access the same database. Some of the DBMSs are Oracle, IBM DB2,
Microsoft SQL server, Microsoft Access, PostgreSQL, MySQL, FoxPro and SQLite.

Data can be organized into two types:-


Flat File: Data is stored in a single table. Usually suitable for less amount of data.
Relational: Data is stored in multiple tables and the tables are linked using a
common field. Relational is suitable for medium to large amount of data.

Database Servers – Database servers are dedicated computers that hold the
actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software. Databases on the
database servers are accessed through command line or graphic user interface
tools referred to as Frontends; database servers are referred to as Back-
ends. Such type of data access is referred to as Client-server model.

RDBMS:- A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database


management system that is based on the relational model. In the relational model
of a database, all data is represented in terms of tuples (rows), grouped into
relations (tables). A database organized in terms the relational model is a relational
database.
Database Concepts:- Database contains objects that are used for storing and
managing information.
1. Item : - Item is about which information is stored in the database.
2. Field:- Each question that we ask about our item is a Field.
3. Record:- Record is a set of information (made up of fields) stored in your
database about one of the items.
4. Value:- Value is the actual text or numerical amount or date that you put in
while adding information to your database.

For example,
Database :- Employee
Emp_C Emp_Na Emp_Add Emp_Design Emp_Conta Emp_Sal
ode me ress ation ctNo ary
E001 ABC Meerut Manager 9876543210 Rs.
50,000

Item : Employee
Field : Emp_Code , Emp_Name , Emp_Address , Emp_Designation ,
Emp_ContactNo , Emp_Salary
Record :
E001 ABC Meerut Manager 9876543210 Rs. 50,000
Value : E001 , ABC , Meerut , Manager , 9876543210 , Rs. 50,000

5. Key Field :- Key Field is a value in a Field that uniquely identifies the record. Eg.
E001 which is unique to every employee.
Important Question :- How data is organized in a RDBMS ?
Ans :- In RDBMS, data is organized in the form of inter linked tables.
SESSION 2:- DATA STORAGE

TABLE :- A table is a set of data elements that is organized using a model of


vertical columns and horizontal rows. Each row is identified by a unique key index
or the key field.

COLUMNS OR FIELD :- A column is a set of data values of a particular simple


type, one for each row of the table. For eg. Emp_Code , Emp_Name , Emp_Address
etc.
ROWS OR RECORDS OR TUPLES :- A row represents a single, data items in a
table. Each row in a table represents a set of related data, and every row in the
table has the same structure.

DATA TYPES :- Datatypes are used to identify the type of data we are going to
store in the database.

Categories of data types:- Data types can be broadly classified into five
categories:-
1. Numeric Types
2. Alphanumeric Types
3. Binary Types
4. Date Time
5. Other variable Types

NUMERIC TYPES:- They are used for describing numeric values like mobile
number, age, etc.

The different types of numeric data types available are-


1. Boolean (Yes / No) 6. Numeric
2. TinyInt (Tiny Integer) 7. Decimal
3. SmallInt (Small Integer) 8. Real
4. Integer 9. Float
5. BigInt (Big Integer) 10. Double
ALPHANUMERIC TYPES:-
The list of different datatypes available in alphanumeric types are :-
1. LongVarChar (Memo) (Long Text)
2. Char (Text-fix) (Small Text)
3. VarChar (Text) (Text of specified Length)
4. VarChar_IgnoreCase (Text) (Comparisions are not case sensitive)

BINARY TYPES:-
Binary types are used for storing data in binary formats. It can be used for storing
photos, music files or (in general file of any format) etc.
The list of different datatypes available in Binary types are :-
1. LongVarBinary (Image)
2. Binary (Binary (fix) )
3. VarBinary (Binary)

DATE TIME:-
Date time data types are used for describing date and time values for the field used
in the table of a database. It can be used for storing information such as date of
birth, date of admission etc.
The list of different data types available in Date Time type are :-
1. Date (Stores month, day and year information)
2. Time (Store hour, minute and second information)
3. Timestamp (Stores date and time information)

PRIMARY KEY:- A primary key is a unique value that identifies a row in a table.
These keys are also indexed in the database, making it faster for the database to
search a record.

FOREIGN KEY:- The foreign key identifies a column or set of columns in one
(referencing) table that refers to a column or set of columns in another
(referenced) table.

Note:- The “one” side of a relation is always the parent, and provides the
PK(Primary Key) Attributes to be copied. The “many” side of a relation is always the
child, into which the FK(Foreign Key) attributes are copied.

Memorize it : one, parent, PK (Primary Key) ; many, child , FK (Foreign


Key)

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