B.M.S.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
BANGALORE – 560019 [Autonomous
Institute, Affiliated to VTU]

Introduction to Electronics Engineering (22EC1ESIEL) Report

on
Application of Electronics in CSE( Image processing)
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for AAT

Submitted by:

Name USN No Department (Section)

Ayush V.M PX
Amarjot singh Panesar
PX

Submitted to Mrs.

Bhagya Assistant

Professor
Year: 2024-25
 Introduction

What is an image?An image is represented by its dimensions (height and width) based on the
number of
pixels. For example, if the dimensions of an image are 500 x 400 (width x height), the total
number of pixels in the image is 200000.

What is pixel ?
This pixel is a point on the image that takes on a specific shade, opacity or colour. It is
usually represented in one of the following:

Grayscale – A pixel is an integer with a value between 0 to 255 (0 is completely black and
255 is completely white).
RGB – A pixel is made up of 3 integers between 0 to 255 (the integers represent the intensity
of red, green, and blue).
RGBA – It is an extension of RGB with an added alpha field, which represents the opacity of
the image.

Image processing requires fixed sequences of operations that are performed at each pixel
of an image. The image processor performs the first sequence of operations on the image,
pixel by pixel. Once this is fully done, it will begin to perform the second operation, and so

on. The output value of these operations can be computed at any pixel of the image.
 Components of Image Processing

- Computer
A general-purpose computer, which may be anything from a PC to a supercomputer, is used in an
image processing system. Sometimes, specifically built computers are utilized in specialized
applications to reach a specified degree of performance.

- Hardware for Specialized Image Processing

It comprises the digitizer and hardware that can carry out basic operations, including an
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which can carry out simultaneous arithmetic and logical
operations on whole pictures.

- Camera Sensors

It alludes to perception. The image sensor’s primary function is to collect incoming light,
transform it into an electrical signal, measure that signal, and then output it to supporting
electronics. It consists of a two-dimensional array of light-sensitive components that convert

photons into electrons. Images are captured by equipment like digital cameras using image

sensors like CCD and CMOS.

Two components are often needed on image sensors to collect digital pictures. The first is an
actual tool (sensor) that can detect the energy emitted by the object we want to turn into an
image. The second is a digitizer, which transforms a physical sensing device’s output into digital
form.

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 Technology used

• A Pc or laptop with i5processor

• Ram 8gb and SSD
•
Storage space 512GB
• Graphics card 2GB

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 Application

Almost in every field, digital image processing puts a live effect on things and is growing
with time to time and with new technologies.

1) Image sharpening and restoration

It refers to the process in which we can modify the look and feel of an image. It
basically manipulates the images and achieves the desired output. It includes conversion,
sharpening, blurring, detecting edges, retrieval, and recognition of images.

2) Medical Field
There are several applications under medical field which depends on the
functioning of digital image processing.

• Gamma-ray imaging
• PET scan
• X-Ray Imaging

3) Pattern recognition
It involves the study of image processing, it is also combined with artificial
intelligence such that computer-aided diagnosis, handwriting recognition
and images recognition can be easily implemented. Now a days, image
processing is used for pattern recognition.

4) Video processing
It is also one of the applications of digital image processing. A collection of frames or
pictures are arranged in such a way that it makes the fast movement of pictures. It
involves frame rate conversion, motion detection, reduction of noise and colour space
conversion etc.

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 Conclusion

Image processing is a field of applied mathematics that improves the quality of

images and extracts information from them. It has many applications in fields like
medicine, agriculture, and remote sensing.

Techniques like contrast and brightness adjustment can improve the visual
quality of images.
Techniques like feature extraction can extract information from images.

Future

Image processing is expected to become more cost-effective and portable.

Image processing is expected to contribute to the creation of intelligent systems in
many fields.
Additionally, the integration of AI and deep learning is revolutionizing

applications such as autonomous vehicles, which rely on real-time image

analysis to navigate, and smart cities, where AI processes vast amounts of

visual data for traffic management and surveillance.

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 References

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://medium
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https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.sci
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https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.si
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mplilearn.com/image-processing