Computer Science

Question 1(b) Arrange the following units of memory in ascending order of storage
capacity. Gigabyte, Kilobyte, Terabyte, Megabyte, Petabyte
Answer 1(b)
The ascending order of memory units from smallest to largest is kilobyte (KB),
megabyte (MB), gigabyte (GB), terabyte (TB), and petabyte (PB):
 Kilobyte (KB): 1,024 bytes
 Megabyte (MB): 1,024 kilobytes
 Gigabyte (GB): 1,024 megabytes
 Terabyte (TB): 1,024 gigabytes
 Petabyte (PB): 1,024 terabytes
A byte is a unit of digital information that represents a single character, such as a
letter, number, or symbol.
Question 2(a) How do Compilers differ from Interpreters in the way they convert the High-
Level Language Code (Source Code) into Machine Code (Object Code).
Answer2(a) Compilers and interpreters differ in their translation processes for high-level
language code. A compiler translates the entire source code at once into machine code,
producing an object code file that can be saved and run later, making execution faster. In
contrast, an interpreter translates each program statement one-by-one into machine
code, executing immediately without saving object code. While compiled languages run
faster after compilation, interpreted languages offer easier development and testing, as
they don't require a compilation step.
Question 3(b) One of the most important skills an entrepreneur must have been the soft
skills. List out any four major skills that come under soft skills.
Ans.3(b) Four major skills that come under soft skills are: Communication: It is a process of
exchanging information among people. It needs effective language, presentation skill,
environment etc. Interpersonal relations: It is a skill to communicate with each other. It is used
not only in offices but in our day-to-day social life. People with good interpersonal skills are
perceived as confident, calm and charismatic.

Question (a) Data processing consists of activities grouped into four functional categories
that are necessary to transform data into meaningful information, often referred to as the
Data Processing Cycle. Briefly explain this cycle using a suitable flow diagram.
Answer4 (a) Data processing consists of activities grouped into four functional categories that
are necessary to transform data into meaningful information, often referred to as the Data
Processing Cycle.
(i) Input: The term input refers to the activities required to record data and to make it
available for processing. The input can also include the steps necessary to check, verify
and validate data contents.
(ii) Processing: The term processing denotes the actual data manipulation techniques
such as classifying, sorting, calculating, summarizing, comparing, etc., that convert
data into information.
(iii) Output: It is a communication function which transmits the information, generated
after processing of data, to persons who need the information.
(iv) Storage: It involves the filing of data and information for future use. The above
mentioned four basic functions are performed in a logical sequence in all data
processing systems.

Question 5(a) Explain the following terms briefly using suitable examples: (See Lesson 13)
a) Data Encapsulation b) Inheritance
Answer 5(a)
(i) Data Encapsulation: - Wrapping up of data and functions into a single unit is called
as data encapsulation. Encapsulation is the most basic concept of OOP. It is the way of
combining both data and the functions that operate on that data under a single unit.
The only way to access the data is provided by the functions (that are combined along
with the data). These functions are considered as member functions in C++. It is not
possible to access the data directly. If you want to reach the data item in an object, you
call a member function in the object. It will read the data item and return the value to
you. The data is hidden, so it is considered as safe and far away from accidental
alternation. Data and its functions are said to be encapsulated into a single entity. In
the Figure item is a class which has keep data as member variable which cannot be
accessed from outside directly. It can be accessed only via the member functions set ()
and get_value ().

(ii) Inheritance: - It is a process by which object of one class inherit the properties of
objects of another class. It is the capability to define a new class in terms of an existing
class. An existing class is known as a base class and the new class is known as derived
class. Number of examples can be given on this aspect. For example, a motor cycle is a
class in itself. It is also a member of two wheelers class. Two wheelers class in turn is a
member of automotive class as shown in Fig. 13.5. The automotive is an example of
 base class and two wheelers is its derived class. In simple words, we can say a motor
cycle is a two-wheeler automotive. C++ supports such hierarchical classification of
classes. The main benefit from inheritance is that we can build a generic base class,
and obtain a new class by adding some new features to an existing class and so on.
Every new class defined in that way consists of features of both the classes.
Inheritance allows existing classes to be adapted to new application without the need
for modification.

Question 6(b) Cloud Computing is a buzz word in today’s world. Elaborate upon the
advantages of Cloud Computing? Also differentiate between SaaS, PaaS and IaaS with suitable
examples.

Answer 6(b)
Advantages of Cloud Computing Cloud computing has revolutionized how businesses and
individuals’ access and manage IT resources. Here are some key advantages:
1. Cost Efficiency: Organizations can reduce capital expenses by "renting" computing power
instead of investing in expensive hardware and infrastructure. This pays-as- you-go model
minimizes unnecessary costs.
2. Scalability: Cloud services allow organizations to easily scale their IT resources up or
down based on demand. This flexibility helps manage workloads efficiently, especially during
peak times.
3. Accessibility: Cloud computing enables access to information and applications from
anywhere, at any time, as long as there is an internet connection. This feature supports
remote work and enhances collaboration.
4. Automatic Updates: Cloud service providers regularly update their systems and
applications, ensuring users benefit from the latest features and security enhancements
without manual intervention.
5. Disaster Recovery: Cloud services often include built-in backup and recovery options,
enhancing data security and reducing downtime in case of failures or disasters.
6. Environmental Sustainability: By optimizing resource usage and reducing the need for
physical infrastructure, cloud computing contributes to lower energy consumption and a
reduced carbon footprint.
 Feature Software as a Platform as a Infrastructure
Service (SaaS) Service (PaaS) as a Service
(IaaS)
Definition Provides access Provides a Provides
to software platform for virtualized
applications via developing, computing
the cloud. running, and resources over
managing the internet.
applications.
User Control Users cannot Users have Users control
manage the control over operating
underlying cloud deployed system, storage,
infrastructure. applications and and deployed
settings. application.
Example Gmail, Google Google App Amazon EC2,
Docs, Salesforce Engine, Google
Microsoft Azure Computer
App Service. Engine,
Microsoft Azure
Virtual Machines
Target User End User Who Developers who IT administrators
Needs Software build software managing
Applications. computing
resources.
Management Minimal; Managed by the Users manage
Responsibility managed by the service provider; the operating
service provider users manage systems and
applications. applications
installed.
Billing Model Subscription- Pay for the Pay based on
based, typically resources used resources usage
per-user. during (e.g., CPU hours,
application storage).
development.

Diffrensiation between