TNTRODUCTON TO eONSTITUTION

meaning oy the maian eomitituim

Whai e
aupumo la o mdia
The omititutim i be deusn the
which la
TRi i aoitton dDment
dmoating undamental baaie code
amesork pues and duteu
Atuetepwud and sighs and
orgaigation
govUen and it
duties o4 the eitizen

govement w be comaftutd.
’ deaids hos th govenent can
unita an uehat a
1D dat Aome iit1 aeRdamOntal
TROAO
impoLe Dn iti eitizen.
govement may new trepas
in te ne that govemont tot i l th
en them. To enakls
the
etaate oonditions for
asprations of a soity and

cositutton.
3 Saçont featues o the gdan
’ i) WtOn comtituttm
) Lomgeut Lengthieur eonttion
il seoLatie torm qovenent
wn Soveuignty o peopl
lasuliamentasuy tom o govonet
i) fundamentau miguts
Vi fundamenual duieA

(ix)
() snge tiznhi
i) Prentie dotenion

(ii) ndopondent judiciay (hiv) Aduth autage

Ay Tie onatitti om nda (eaps)
’ PREAMBLE (nter)
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, hawing aelemy
teASvod ato eomutith to Sndia into a So
SOU ALIST, SEULAR DEMOORATIC RE PUBLIC and
oVEREISN,
JUSTI E, sooja,eaomoc and puicay
LI9¬RTY 4thought, opeston, beiag taith
and uomship;
EUALITN O Atatw and epptty and t0
peoste amomg them al;
FRATERNITN ausing the aigutthy oy the indiiduy
and the unity and ineqity 4 tha NOOn;
IN OUR UONSTTUÊNT ASSEMBY thiy twey- ath
day ot NOvebet, 949 do HEREBN ADOPT, ENAT
AND G|VE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

’ Atundamental human ght Athe baaie

entitenent that eNyindiridal qranted,
tr Gthexponal
hanacesies, ainpuy bleauAl
they au human. TheAe ight a univeuall
see0gnised andpoteet ndividua uom
injuaties and inseuat
6 Pundamental ~ghs
Ainitahona
 N have siy baie hndamental sigtts in UH
Amatitutiom, The aix basie igts ae liated b l :

Rlgt to kaaliy (Articde s-18)

t0 F e a m (Arile q- 22)
Rlnt
epoitatiom (Artiele 2 -24)
elglut againat Retigion (Ariela 25-28)
Riaw to flLLcdOYm
tedlteatimal eigs (Ariela2-3o)
uutal and ReMedie (Ariele 32)
Rígnt to Lomtitutional

1y Pundamontat Ati4
comAtitution and uApec the
u) TD aside b the
ideola and inctituution
sSrect the Notima Fag and Niomal
a) To
Anthem.

A0CUsm dlmoaey e dnn-ioloneo

tç) To psleAre hectuwo and heritge
() To PuOttet the sovehigty Unity and grteqsity
o the naton.
ti To daeguard the puble popety.

tviü) To.roteet natwal Heouel.

Öx) To woid A0ey,hmbling, and Othet A0cialei
(K) TO Ative towa'd Qhellenentho supecive
 lau deron conin sueve
’ The eonatitution hough nel pniu
Pnciples os Srets roiey uShich entry,
n govQhnanes et the
ave 'fendamontal of the Atato t0 npply thede n
nd it u hadty d o n hat he teAt
in making lauw!
lauss. Thede lauy
wele peopla by
Ahall tive to promote the
AtcLwng and teting as otecively ns t mayia
eonomio
Aoeta! omdu31, in uhich htiea- A0ial,
nd poLitieal ahal tern in all unatitin ot
natiomal ie. The state shaldUct its poicy

nd wOmon to an adoaato mans otvelihod,

2aual pay tor aaual orrk and usithiuninits at
its eemomie apayand duNoloment, to
mace ete ctive morisi on tor cwing t Ágh
to uork, edAeation nd to publie aaaistane in
h eren nompleymen, old ag9., Aickney and
f desewod whnt.
The tate Ahal alo endeawoUs to ewe to
worke a lwng wnge hunane eondutiomy ot
work, a deen sdendad ie and t u
iwowoemont o oreeA n managemont o industries.

UNIT-2

Thie Union eoeuture oniit the roÀden,

uwith te Pine inib as the hoadto aid and
adiie the preAioen.
membeHA Sf bcth HOuAL! at Pasliam0nt- and ugislahve
AObi qthe atato in cCTdanco uwtth he akem

4nnseablo ote. The Proident mu be a iizen

AL Sndia net eAs than 35 yeas ot agei and qualihiod
onr el etion s momb et the Lok Saba. Hu term
ot etic 0 fve year nd he is iiblu toY Ye-eloHon

miising
propeonal
accoTdanee uith tha dtem ot
erOsentatin by mmean of dinle
trans7able vote.
mdia, nAt le than 35
He mUt hl a iizn o
nd eigbla Bor eleñon LA a mombor
yeas et age, of otice s five yea,
Rajya srbha. Hu tem
o the fore-leiom.
dhe ç ligib
insteu- Tee ii a tsunot! ot Hçniskh
ouni ts to ad and
headed by the Prime Miniate
tunetions.
adiiithe peidentneeeue ot h
by the Preiidon,
The Pine istet s pted
p
om -tho aduice
LSho A appou othu ministe
u thaduty th
redponible o the Lok Sabha,
Pin Hiniste to comumeniaate to tha Preiden

mermbUs et caina, iniste Steto ihdopendont

iisted
dng). Hiiseu o siato and Auty

mambe ey Rajya Sabha

Sasha Or
oT LOk Saloha
al terty - ve yea odi in ca he is
the membet Lok Saha r more than 30 yeas
ey ag4id a Rajyo Saa andidati. He
 state. u ean hold the tice te

Preidat n Lok Sabha

ay Uniom Leqilatuwu
Legilatwhe a th nim, uhich i caled
Pauuament,onist 4 the Preident Oud tw0

nd HDUse of the People (Lok Sabha). each HOu

has to moot within iy months ot t pri
siting. A eurt ttirg f two HoUAes ean he
held n uan cas.
Raya abha The conititution providuhat
the Raya saba shal eonit o 250
membe, ushich 12 membe shal a
nominated by th Puidennt tom umomgt
perAon hawng apeeia knoutedgg or praotical
opeienee n Heape Of ueh matte as
Jtoatue, eneer a t nd Aoial duice:
and nat mome than 238 lpedlntatives o
the stetes and a the UninT i t i e
Dk Sabha- The Lok Sabha COmpood ch

dinet alotim on the bauis o a d t age.

TRe maomum abungth ot the HeUAe enicoaged
bu the Comatttion iy now 552 (520 memeNs
to Hpmednt ates 20 +0 reÀUN Unon
Tetorie, and not more than tuo momb
et the Ango- mdan commuits o bo nomnate
by the Peident, t un his opi núon, that coThmwity
i net adauaely nepRhtd n the Hoe
3 Paiamntay moeeding in tndin:
SESSIONS
Tho Sordian Paonont helds saLhast ae AAimy as

The raHinnt holds 3eglar

and oth
A0 AAiOnu tO adAdHess lqiclave Rene oms

Te Paliamen held apeial

speeial ALAioms

ovUents poicies and nitiatives.

QUESTIDN HOUR

questioms
Heated torr quetin hous. HumbNs ask
and mnt w a y anuR.
ZERO HOUR

tfe.S hagins
en uaiie problns uithsut prior h da
owetiom hs ano eones ut
att
ompleed:
aqorda
PARLVAMENTARY OMMITTEES
Paianentau comittes hed n eanesa
Shich mmian mo publie or media at alsed to
atend.

PARLIAMENTARY PROEEDIN Gs VERSIONS

Thte ae tue veAIons efthe Lok Sabha Qbates:
Hindi, ngish, nd ortgnal .The oiginal vohsiom
kpt n tte Pasianont itray for meerd a s
 lureme ondia

eOMPOSITION

Juutiee c naia and up t 33 etheh ydges ha

judges
Avistom Aoneh, or in benhe ot ve ormore, kna
a a onititutibral aoneh
thg
HOs a e Aon cthe thing to knOu a b t
Suprene csut e gndiai

unoeaed oveH the yeats aA the meld ha

was ignaly
igh, blt haA nee neaed do 34.

2. Ag t rotiremn: Supreme cout udges m s t

3. Removal of udges: The PHOAident can Temove a

Supreec t dge 4 Palant Pade a
Apleial addhe with a majority vte in bot how
Ihe rndd tor emoval ae prored nisehaieu

4. Adisory r e : e Supremi c e t ean adwise

the PreAident many qal or tactlalmattr.
5. ontempt guisaihm: The SlreMu Cucan

Po ERS DE HE SUPREME OURT of NIA

origina! tisdetn : The feosinq hapren to lae

4. I8hn hee o0u
sn4
adete ttALeOn te at n
Gove nenr or hlween
entta borennen mre
hen he supre mel t ar
Artice 1 DOTK al the otoinal
 Andamental Rlahs a per Ariale 82.
tan a
A. The top ceF Smdia ha the matto
ineeaQd
dtayed deecaioms happenngde to an

dia
Arrellat tisdittion: TRe SupTerna CQut eeelated to
has appellate lidictiom in mattes
iminal or contitutional as pet the asties
cçç, Suprenme coSt
nd 434. Ado, the
O- 432, 133, pet AmRole 136 ushich
adLLe Apelal eaNe a
ndia an ndia. e t th
any tbnal esuHE
ling by
Amy eoUtt f tho
0Qnt appy to any o the

lou ot mdia
Adviory quicietion : The upromo Sndia n
advise the Preident t
ean
ad natbe. Th
Helated do the aettiom et da
a00k adMe elated do Ariele 134
eresidont an al

Rneus usdletiom : The euprome Cowt o gndia

has the ihtto Tertesanydaus that has
bter pAed bly the isdieom as pest Artele 131
Cf the ccnatetutin.
RUNCTIONS OF THE SUPROHE JUDÁES OF IND(A

inatinutim that anles the matt olatd to the

mutament, vveus qovennment bodios, h Preidont,
and theaau e the Shett govetnment Adeomdlng to
 ATtiele
C
t
Smdia. the
144
uprema
Alao,
c{
teUt the
n
Ame mdian
hold

tho
ematituim,
mattsthe
cthoriky

lprome
the

Hiay