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ICT Assignment

software and hardware explanation

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24 views8 pages

ICT Assignment

software and hardware explanation

Uploaded by

jahidullhaqf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ICT

Assignmen
t

12 December 2024
By: Jahid ulhaq “Feroz”
To: Khan Mohammad
“Omeri”
Hardware:
Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer or
electronic system. These are tangible parts that you can see
and touch.

Types of Hardware:
1. Input Devices: Devices used to input data into a
computer.
o Examples: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone.

2. Output Devices: Devices that receive data from a


computer.
o Examples: Monitor, printer, speakers.

3. Storage Devices: Devices for storing data.


o Examples: Hard drive (HDD/SSD), USB flash drives,

memory cards.
4. Processing Devices: Responsible for executing
instructions.
o Example: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics

Processing Unit (GPU).


5. Peripheral Devices: Additional devices connected to the
main system.
o Examples: External hard drives, webcams, gaming

controllers.

Key Characteristics:
 It can break down or wear out.

 Requires software to function.

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Categories of
Hardware:
1. Internal Hardware:
Components located inside the computer case.
o Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects
all components.
o CPU (Processor): The "brain" of the computer,
responsible for executing instructions.
o RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary
memory that stores data for running applications.
o Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts electricity into
usable power for the components.
o Storage Devices:
 HDD: Magnetic storage, slower but larger
capacity.
 SSD: Faster storage with no moving parts.

2. External Hardware:
Devices connected externally to the computer.
 Monitor: Displays visual output.
 Mouse & Keyboard: Input devices for navigation and
typing.
 Printers and Scanners: Output and input devices for
documents.

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Software:
Software refers to a set of instructions, data, or
programs used to operate a computer and perform
specific tasks. It’s intangible.

Types of Software:
1.System Software: Helps operate and manage
hardware.
o Examples: Operating systems (Windows, macOS,

Linux), utility programs.


2.Application Software: Performs specific user-
oriented tasks.
o Examples: Microsoft Office, Photoshop, web

browsers.
3.Development Software: Tools for creating other
software.
o Examples: Programming languages (Python,

Java), IDEs (Visual Studio, IntelliJ IDEA).


Key Characteristics:
 Cannot function without hardware.

 Can be upgraded, updated, or modified.

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Categories of
Software:
System Software:
o Examples: Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux.
o Functions:
 Manages hardware resources.
 Provides a platform for running application software.
o Components:
 Operating System (OS): The core software managing hardware
and user interaction.
 Utilities: Small programs for system maintenance (e.g.,
antivirus, disk cleanup tools).

Middleware:
o Connects different software or systems for data exchange.
o Example: Database management systems or APIs.

Application Software:
o Divided into:
 Productivity Software: Word processors, spreadsheets.
 Creative Software: Graphic design tools, video editing.
 Entertainment Software: Games, media players.

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Hardware and Software
Interaction:
 Hardware is the foundation for any software to run.
 Software acts as a bridge between the user and hardware.
 Example: When you play a video game:
o The software processes game data.
o The CPU and GPU execute instructions to render graphics and
manage gameplay.
o The monitor displays visuals, and speakers output sound.

Trends and Emerging


Technologies:
Hardware Advancements:
o Quantum Computing: Uses quantum bits for processing, promising
exponential speed.
o Wearable Devices: Smartwatches, fitness trackers with integrated
sensors.
o 3D Printing: Hardware that creates physical objects from digital
designs.

Software Innovations:
o Artificial Intelligence (AI): Software that enables machines to
simulate human intelligence.
o Cloud Computing: Software delivered over the internet, eliminating
the need for local installation.

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o Blockchain: Software for secure, decentralized data management.

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