Cisco Packet Tracer Labs Commands

Router> ======= user mode or user EXEC mode

Router>enable used to enter privileged EXEC mode

Router# ======= privileged EXEC mode

Router# configure terminal used to enter global configuration mode

Router(config) ======= global configuration mode

Router>? ======== to view available commands

Router(config)# hostname R1 ======== to set hostname to the ROuter

To set password to global configuration mode:

Router(config)# enable password ”password”

This password will be in plain text.

To increase the password security we can encrypt it with cisco’s encryption algorithm 7

Router(config)# service password-encryption

But again this password can be decrypted.

Now we can set a Secret as a password:

Router(config)# enable secret “password”

Router(config)# service password-encryption this command will:

- Will encrypt the current password

- Will encrypt the future passwords
- Enable Secret will not be effected as it is already encrypted with MD5 algorithm

Router(config)# no service password-encryption this command will:

- Will not decrypt the current password

- Will not encrypt the future passwords
- Enable Secret will not be effected as it is already encrypted with MD5 algorithm

Router(config)# show running-config this command displays the current, active config file

Router(config)# show startup-config this command displays the saved configuration file which will be
loaded if the device is restarted.

Router(config)# write or Router(config)# write memory this command will save the configuration
Router(config)# copy running-config startup-config this command will copy the running-configurations
to startup-configurations

Router(config)# no this command will removes the command, for ex. Router(config)# no service
password-encryption

To configure IP addresses to Router interfaces:

To show the list of Router’s Interfaces, their IP’s, Status, Protocol

Router(config)# do show ip interface brief

Router(config)# interface fa0/0 this command will get you inside the interface configuration.

Router(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 this will configure the IP address to the respective
interface.

Router(config-if)# description ## connected to SW1 ## this command will set description for fa0/0
interface that it is connected to Switch 1.

Router(config-if)# no shutdown this command to activate a selected interface and make it operational
so it can transmit data.

IP address configuration on PC in CPT:

To configure Switch interfaces:

Router interfaces have the shutdown command applied by default i.e. it will be in the administratively
down/down state by default.

Switch interface do not have the shutdown command applied by default i.e. it will be in the up/up state
if connected to another device OR in the down/down state if not connected to another device.

To configure Switch interfaces speed and duplex:

SW1# conf t

W1(config)# int f0/1

SW1(config-if)#speed ?

10 Force 10 Mbps operation

100 Force 100 Mbps operation

Auto Enable AUTO speed sonfiguration

SW1(config-if)# speed 100

SW1(config-if)# duplex ?

Auto Enable AUTO duplex configuration

Full Force full duplex operation

Half Force half-duplex operation

SW1(config-if)# duplex full

SW1(config-if)#description ## to R1 ##

SW1(config)# int f0/2

SW1(config-if)#description ## to SW2 ##

SW1(config)# int f0/3

SW1(config-if)#description ## to end hosts ##

SW1(config)# int f0/4

SW1(config-if)#description ## to end hosts ##

Here instead of configuring description for each interfaces, we can use interface range command.

And also to shutdown the interfaces.

SW1(config)# interface range f0/5 – 12

SW1(config-if-range)# description ## not in use ##

SW1(config-if-range)# shutdown

Later if we want to enable the interfaces like f0/5, f0/6, f0/9 to f0/12 then we can do the similar
command.
SW1(config-if-range)# int range f0/5 – 6, f0/9 – 12

SW1(config-if-range)# no shutdown

Interface Speed and Duplex

Speed refers to 10Mbps 100Mbps, mega bits per second.

Duplex refers to whether a device can send and receive data at the same time.

Speed and Duplex Auto negotiation

Full duplex: The device can send and receive data at the same time. Devices attached to Switch can
operate at full duplex.

Half duplex: The device cannot send and receive data at the same time. If it is receiving a frame, it must
wait before sending the frame. Used in Hubs i.e. devices attached to Hub can operate at half duplex as a
result collision domain happens due to packet collision at Hub due to ‘cannot send and receive data at
the same time’ condition.

To deal with the collision domain, CSMA/CD used.

CSMA/CD: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection.

Speed/Duplex Autonegotiation

Interfaces that can run at different speeds(10/100 or 10/100/1000) have default settings of speed auto
and duplex auto.

Interfaces advertise their capabilities to the neighbouring devices and they negotiate the best speed
and duplex settings they are both capable of.

If autonegotiation is disabled on the device connected to the Switch then,

For speed: The switch will try to sense the speed that the other device is operating at. If it fails to
sense the speed, it will use the slowest supported speed i.e. 10 Mbps on a 10/100/1000 interface.

For duplex: If the speed is 10 or 100 Mbps, the switch will use half duplex. I f the speed is 1000 Mbps or
greater, use full duplex.
Interface Errors:

Interfaces takes count of certain parameters which should be observed. For that we need to use show
interfaces f0/1 on the switch.

Runts: Frames that are smaller than the minimum frame size of 64 bytes.

Giants: Frame that are larger than the maximum frame size of 1518 bytes.

CRC: Frame that failed the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) check (in the Ethernet FCS Trailer)

Frame: Frames that have an incorrect format due to an error.

Input errors: Total of various counters, such as the above four.

Output errors: Frames that switch tried to send, but failed due to an error.