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Class Note SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE

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16 views3 pages

Class Note SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE

Uploaded by

geogrjonathan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE

Introduction: Information System is the collection of persons, devices and


processes that manage and process data in a given organization.

DEFINITION
System development cycle, also known as systems development life cycle
(SDLC) is a set of procedures or steps involved in creating or computerizing an
information system. It is also defined as the process of creating or altering
information systems in order to integrate the use of computers in their
activities.

The objectives or purpose of system development cycle are:


1. To ensure that a high-quality system is delivered at the end of the project.
2. To help the developer manage the project very well.
3. To maximise the productivity of the project team.

STAGES IN SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE


1. Preliminary study: This is the first stage of system development cycle. It is a
close study (observation) of an existing system with the intention of
identifying a problem and initiating a project to solve that problem and
improve the system.

The steps taken in preliminary study are:


a. Problem identification and project initiation
b. Background analysis
c. Inference or findings in form of a proposal
The ultimate goal in this stage is to put forward a proposal to the
management of the existing system.

2. Feasibility study: The second stage of system development after the


proposal has been accepted is the feasibility study. It is done to determine
the workability, cost and scope of the project. At this stage, the cost is
weighed with the benefits to determine the profit in the system
development, and a feasibility report is submitted to the management for
approval.

3. Investigative study: also known as detailed system study involves a detailed


study of various operations performed in a system and their relationships
within and outside the system. Interview, on-site observation and
questionnaires are the tools used to study these operations, keeping in
view the problems and new requirements in the existing system.

4. System analysis: is the stage of collecting factual data and breaking down
the processes in the system into smaller components. It seeks to answer
the questions: how is it being done? Why is it being done? and How can it
be improved? It is more of a thinking process and involves the creative skills
of a System Analyst.

5. System design: is the stage when every analysis is actually translated to the
making of the new system. In this stage, the new system is built in two
phases:
a. Preliminary or general design: in this design phase, the features of the
new system is specified and the cost of designing these features is
estimated to further establish the feasibility of the project.
b. Structured or detailed design: in this design phase, the input, output,
database, forms, programming language to be used are specifies in
detail. The hardware and software platforms on which the new system
will run are also decided.

Programming is done in the design stage and some tools needed in this
stage are flowcharts, pseudocodes and data flow diagrams.

6. Implementation: This stage involves bringing the developed system (new


system) into the existing system for use. The steps involved in the
implementation of the system are:
a. Acquisition and installation of hardware and software.
b. Conversion from the existing system to the new system. This process is
referred to as changeover.
c. Training of the users for the new system.
d. Documentation.

Changeover is the process of shifting work from a manual (existing system) to


the computerized or developed system. It can be done in three ways namely:
direct changeover, parallel run and pilot run.
7. Maintenance: Maintenance of the new system is done to remove errors
and possible malfunctions in the system. This stage runs continually after
implementation.

8. Study review: After the system has been fully implemented and in use, it is
evaluated once in a while to check system performance, user satisfaction
with the system, adaptability to changing business needs, and new
technologies that might improve the system. If a major modification of the
new system is needed, a new project will be initiated to carry out that
modification. The new project will still go through all the SDLC stages from
preliminary study to implementation and study review.

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