Basic Problems

Write a Python function to calculate the factorial of a number.

Write a function to check if a given number is prime.
Write a Python function to reverse a string.
Write a function to check if a string is an anagram of another string.
Write a Python function to find the largest element in a list.
Write a function to compute the nth Fibonacci number.
Write a function to check if a string is a palindrome.
Write a Python function to compute the sum of digits in a number.
Write a function to find the second largest number in a list.
Write a function to count the number of vowels in a string.
List and String Problems
Write a Python function to find the intersection of two lists.
Write a function to remove duplicates from a list.
Write a function to check if all elements in a list are unique.
Write a Python function to find the longest common prefix in a list of strings.
Write a function to rotate an array by k positions to the right.
Write a function to sort a list of strings based on the length of each string.
Write a Python function to merge two sorted lists into a single sorted list.
Write a function to find the missing number in a list of integers from 1 to n.
Write a function to find the kth smallest element in an unsorted list.
Write a Python function to find all anagrams of a word from a list of words.
Dictionary and Set Problems
Write a function to count the frequency of each character in a string and store it
in a dictionary.
Write a function to find the most frequent element in a list.
Write a Python function to merge two dictionaries.
Write a function to find the intersection of two dictionaries.
Write a function to check if two strings are anagrams using dictionaries.
Write a Python function to remove duplicate characters from a string and return the
unique characters in the same order.
Write a function to find the union of two sets.
Write a Python function to check if a given set is a subset of another set.
Write a function to find the symmetric difference between two sets.
Write a Python function to count the number of occurrences of each word in a given
sentence.
File Handling and Input/Output Problems
Write a function to read a text file and count the number of words.
Write a Python function to copy the contents of one file to another.
Write a function to find the longest line in a text file.
Write a function to append data to a file.
Write a Python function to read and parse a CSV file.
Write a function to serialize and deserialize a Python object to/from a file.
Write a function to read a JSON file and convert it to a Python dictionary.
Write a Python function to format a datetime object as a string.
Write a function to read a binary file and display its contents in hexadecimal
format.
Write a Python function to read a YAML file and convert it to a Python dictionary.
Advanced Data Structures Problems
Write a function to implement a stack using a list.
Write a Python function to implement a queue using two stacks.
Write a function to implement a doubly linked list.
Write a Python function to implement a binary search tree (insertion, deletion,
search).
Write a function to implement a heap (insertion, deletion, heapify).
Write a Python function to implement a trie data structure.
Write a function to implement a LRU (Least Recently Used) cache using dictionaries
and lists.
Write a Python function to implement a circular queue using arrays.
Write a function to implement a priority queue using heaps.
Write a function to implement an adjacency matrix representation of a graph.
Algorithmic Problems
Write a Python function to implement bubble sort.
Write a function to implement selection sort.
Write a Python function to implement insertion sort.
Write a function to implement merge sort.
Write a Python function to implement quick sort.
Write a function to implement binary search on a sorted list.
Write a Python function to implement Dijkstra's algorithm.
Write a function to implement breadth-first search (BFS) on a graph.
Write a Python function to implement depth-first search (DFS) on a graph.
Write a function to implement the Sieve of Eratosthenes to find all prime numbers
up to a given limit.
Object-Oriented Programming Problems
Write a Python class Rectangle with attributes length and width, and methods to
calculate its area and perimeter.
Write a class Circle that inherits from Shape with attributes radius and methods to
calculate its area and circumference.
Write a Python class Student with attributes name, roll_number, and marks, and
methods to display student information.
Write a class Stack to implement a stack data structure with methods push, pop, and
peek.
Write a Python class Queue to implement a queue data structure with methods
enqueue, dequeue, and peek.
Write a class LinkedList to implement a singly linked list with methods to insert,
delete, and search for elements.
Write a Python class BinarySearchTree to implement a binary search tree with
methods to insert, delete, and search for nodes.
Write a class ComplexNumber with methods to add, subtract, multiply, and divide
complex numbers.
Write a Python class Matrix with methods to add, subtract, and multiply matrices.
Write a class Graph to implement an adjacency list representation with methods to
add vertices, edges, and perform BFS/DFS.
Miscellaneous Problems
Write a Python function to generate all permutations of a list.
Write a function to find the longest substring without repeating characters in a
given string.
Write a Python function to generate Pascal's triangle up to n rows.
Write a function to convert a Roman numeral to an integer.
Write a Python function to find the maximum profit by buying and selling stocks
from a list of prices.
Write a function to calculate the edit distance between two strings.
Write a Python function to find the median of two sorted arrays.
Write a function to generate the nth row of Pascal's triangle.
Write a Python function to implement the Game of Life simulation.
Write a function to find all possible combinations of k numbers from a list of n
numbers.
Python Libraries Problems
Write a function to use requests library to fetch data from a REST API and display
it.
Write a Python script to use matplotlib to plot a line graph of temperature data
over time.
Write a function to use numpy to perform matrix multiplication of two arrays.
Write a Python function to use pandas to read a CSV file and perform data analysis
(e.g., calculate mean, median).
Write a function to use scikit-learn to train and test a machine learning model
(e.g., linear regression, classification).
Write a Python function to use BeautifulSoup to scrape data from a website.
Write a function to use sqlite3 to create a database, insert data, and perform
queries.
Write a Python script to use tkinter to create a GUI application with buttons and
input fields.
Write a function to use os module to list all files in a directory and its
subdirectories.
Write a Python script to use pytest to write and run unit tests for a function or
module.
Problem Solving and Optimization Problems
Write a Python function to find the longest increasing subsequence of a list of
integers.
Write a function to find the minimum number of coins needed to make change for a
given amount.
Write a Python function to solve the knapsack problem using dynamic programming.
Write a function to find the maximum sum subarray using Kadane's algorithm.
Write a Python function to solve the Tower of Hanoi problem recursively.
Write a function to find the shortest path in a maze using BFS.
Write a Python function to solve the traveling salesman problem using a brute force
approach.
Write a function to find all subsets of a set (powerset).
Write a Python function to find the longest palindromic substring in a given
string.
Write a function to generate all valid parentheses combinations for a given number
n.