Scribd
Upload
15 views

02 Basic Networking Devices

Uploaded by

tleeroynhuri89
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views

02 Basic Networking Devices

Uploaded by

tleeroynhuri89
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

CHAPTER 02

BASIC NETWORKING DEVICES

1. There are some common devices which are used in networking and
these devices plays a crucial role in networking. These devices include:

a) Repeater.
b) Hub.
c) Bridge.
d) Switch.
e) Router.
f) Network adapter cards.
g) Gateway.

1. REPEATER

a. A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to regenerate the


signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak or
corrupted so as to extend the length to which the signal can be transmitted
over the same network. An important point to be noted about repeaters is
that they do not amplify the signal. When the signal becomes weak, they
copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the original strength. It is a 2
port device.
2. HUB

a. A hub is basically a multiport repeater and a hub operates on physical


layer on the OSI reference model. A hub connects multiple wires coming
from different branches, for example, the connector in star topology which
connects different stations. b.Hubs cannot filter data, so data packets are
sent to all connected devices. In other words, collision domain of all hosts
connected through Hub remains one. Also, they do not have intelligence to
find out best path for data packets which leads to inefficiencies and wastage.

TYPES OF HUB
 Active Hub:- These are the hubs which have their own power supply
and can clean , boost and relay the signal along the network. It serves
both as a repeater as well as wiring center. These are used to extend
maximum distance between nodes.
 Passive Hub:- These are the hubs which collect wiring from nodes and
power supply from active hub. These hubs relay signals onto the
network without cleaning and boosting them and can’t be used to
extend distance between nodes.

3. BRIDGE
a. A bridge operates at data link layer. A bridge is a repeater, with
add on functionality of filtering content by reading the MAC addresses
of source and destination. It is also used for interconnecting two LANs
working on the same protocol. It has a single input and single output
port, thus making it a 2 port device.
TYPES OF BRIDGES
 Transparent Bridges:- These are the bridge in which the stations are
completely unaware of the bridge’s existence i.e. whether or not a
bridge is added or deleted from the network, reconfiguration of the
stations is unnecessary. These bridges makes use of two processes i.e.
bridge forwarding and bridge learning.

 Source Routing Bridges:- In these bridges, routing operation is


performed by source station and the frame specifies which route to
follow. They can discover frame by sending a special frame called
discovery frame, which spreads through the entire network using all
possible paths to destination.

4. SWITCH

a. A switch is a multi port bridge with a buffer and a design that can
boost its efficiency (large number of ports imply less traffic) and
performance. Switch is data link layer device. Switch can perform error
checking before forwarding data, that makes it very efficient as it does not
forward packets that have errors and forward good packets selectively to
correct port only. In other words, switch divides collision domain of hosts,
but broadcast domain remains same.
5. ROUTER

a. A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on


their IP addresses. Router is mainly a Network Layer device. Routers
normally connect LANs and WANs together and have a dynamically updating
routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the data
packets. Router divide broadcast domains of hosts connected through it.

6. NETWORK ADAPTER CARDS

a. A network adapter is the component of a computer’s internal hardware


that is used for communicating over a network with another computer. It
enable a computer to connect with another computer, server or any
networking device over an LAN connection. A network adapter can be used
over a wired or wireless network.

b. A network adapter is usually the only component within a computer for


interfacing or connecting with a network. Typically, it is built on a printed
circuit board with jumpers that connect it with the computer’s motherboard.
A network adapter for wired networks has an RJ-45 port that uses twisted or
untwisted pair cable for network connectivity. Wireless adapters connect
with the network through a built-in or externally connected antenna. Both
network adapters support popular LAN protocols such as TCP/IP.

7. GATEWAY

a. A gateway is a data communication device that provides a remote


network with connectivity to a host network. OR

b. Is a passage to connect two networks together that may work upon


different networking models.

c. Gateways serve as the entry and exit point of a network; all data
routed inward or outward must first pass through and communicate with the
gateway in order to use routing paths. Generally, a router is configured to
work as a gateway device in computer networks.
d. They basically works as the messenger agents that take data from one
system, interpret it, and transfer it to another system. Gateways are also
called protocol converters and can operate at any network layer.

You might also like