9th NDA

Date: Chapter- By: Tinku Sir M.M.

1. Test the following functions for continuity: 1 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 (𝑥−𝑎) , 𝑥 ≠ 𝑎 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 𝑥 = 𝑎.
(i) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 (1/𝑥), 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑓 (0) = 0 at 𝑥 = 0.
9. Examine the function defined below for continuity at
Also draw the graph of the function.
1 𝑥 = 0:
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑓(0) = 0 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0 sin2 𝑎𝑥
1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0.
−
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 1/(1 − 𝑒 )𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑓(0) = 0 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0
𝑥
10. 𝐴 function 𝑓 (𝑥) is defined as follows:
2. Consider the function 𝑓 defined by 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 − 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 <= 2 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 − 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ = 2.
[𝑥], where 𝑥 is a positive variable and [ 𝑥 ] denotes the Is the function continuous at 𝑥 = 2 ?
integral part of 𝑥 and show that it is discontinuous for 11. Discuss the continuity of the function 𝑓 (𝑥) defined as
integral values of 𝑥 and continuous for all others. Draw its follows:
graph. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < −2, 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 𝑓𝑜𝑟 − 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2,
3. Show that the function 𝑓 (𝑥) = [𝑥] + [𝑥] has removable 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 2.
discontinuity for integral values of 𝑥. 12. Discuss the continuity and discontinuity of the following
4. Let 𝑦 = 𝐸 (𝑥), where 𝐸 (𝑥) denotes the integral part of functions:
𝑥. Prove that the function is discontinuous where 𝑥 has an (i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 −1
integral value. Also draw the graph. −1

5. Show that the function ∅ defined as (iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 (iv) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥.
1
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0 (v) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos ( ) when 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑓(0) = 0.
𝑥
1 1 1
(vi) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin (𝑥)when 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑓(0) = 0.
−𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 <
2 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
1 1 (vii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 when 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑓(0) = 1.
∅(𝑥) = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1
2 2 𝑒 −1
𝑥
3 1 (viii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 when 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑓(0) = 1.
𝑒 +1
𝑓𝑜𝑟 < 𝑥 < 1 𝑥
1
2 2 𝑒
𝑥
{ 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1 (ix) 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 when 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑓(0) = 0.
1+𝑒
𝑥
has three points of discontinuity which you are required to 1
𝑒 1
find. Also draw the graph of the function. (x) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) when 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑓(0) = 0.
1+𝑒 𝑥
𝑥
1
6. Determine the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 for which the function (xi) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥) when 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑓(0) = 0.
13. (i) Examine at 𝑥 = 0 the continuity of

1 1
7: 𝐴 function f (𝑥) is defined as follows: (ii) If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin find 𝑓(𝑎 + 0) and 𝑓(𝑎 + 0). Is the
𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑎
function continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑎?
14. Find out the points of discontinuity of the following
functions:
1 −1 1
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = (2 + 𝑒 𝑥 ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑥 for 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑓(0) = 0.
Prove that the function 𝑓 (𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑎. 1 1 1
(ii)𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 2𝑛+1 < 𝑥 ≤= 2𝑛 , 𝑛 = 0, 1, 2 and 𝑓(0) = 0
8. Examine the function defined below for continuity at 1 1
𝑥 = 𝑎: 15. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0 and 𝑓(0) = 0 show that
𝑓(𝑥) is finite for every value of 𝑥 in the interval [−1,1] but is
not bounded. Determine the points of discontinuity of the
function if any.
16. 𝐴 function f defined on [0, 1] is given by
26. Test the continuity of the following functions at 𝑥 = 0
1
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥), when 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑓(0) = 0
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥) for 𝑥 > 0 𝑓(0) = 0:
Show that / takes every value between 0 and 1 (both
1 27. Discuss the nature of discontinuity at 𝑥 = 0 of the
inclusive), but it is continuous only at the point 𝑥 = 2. function 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] − [− 𝑥] where [𝑥] denotes the integral
17. Prove that the function 𝑓 defined by part of 𝑥.
1 1
28. Discuss the continuity of 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥).
if 𝑥 is rational
29. Give an example of each of the following types of
functions:
if 𝑥 is irrational
(i) The function which possesses a limit at 𝑥 = 1 but is not
defined at 𝑥 = 1
is discontinuous everywhere.
(ii) The function which is neither defined at 𝑥 = 1 nor has a
18. (i) Show that the function 𝑓 defined by
1 limit at 𝑥 = 1.
𝑥 𝑒𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 1 , 𝑥 ≠ 0, = 1 is not continuous at 𝑥 = 0 and (iii) The function which is defined at two points but is
1+𝑒 𝑥 nevertheless discontinuous at both the points.
also show how the discontinuity can be removed. 30. In the closed interval [−1, 1] let f be defined by
(ii) Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 is 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 2 ) for 𝑥 ≠ 0 and 𝑓(0) = 0 In the given
continuous for 𝑥 = 2
1 interval
(iii) Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = (1 + 2𝑥)𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ 0 , and (i) Is the function bounded?
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 2 , 𝑥 = 0 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 (ii) Is it continuous?
19. Examine the continuity of the function

at 𝑥 = 0,1and 2.
20. (i) Show that the function
1
𝑒 −1
𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 1 when 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑓(0) = 1.
𝑒 +1
𝑥
(ii) Show that the following function is discontinuous at
𝑥 = 0.
21. Discuss the continuity of the function
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 1 when 𝑥 ≠ 0 and 𝑓(0) = 0 for all value of 𝑥.
1−𝑒 𝑥
|𝑥|
22. Prove that the f function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 for 𝑥 ≠ 0,
𝑓(0) = 0 is continuous at all points except 𝑥 = 0.
23. Test the continuity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 0 if
1
𝑒 1𝑥 sin( )
𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 1 , 𝑥 ≠ 0 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 0, 𝑥 = 0.
1+𝑒 𝑥
24. Examine the following function for continuity at 𝑥 = 0
and at 𝑥 = 1:

25. Discuss the continuity of the following function at

𝑥 = 0: