Basic Hardware

-Input Devices
-Types of Input Devices
-Usage of Various Input Devices
-Output Devices
-Types of Output Devices
-Usage of Various Output Devices
 •Do you ever wonder how information gets in your computer and
how comes out in a form you can use?
Device
•It is only possible with the help of devices.
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 Device

● The components or peripherals which are attached to the computer

to enter the data and get the desired result.

● Example – Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, Printer etc.

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 Types of Devices

Input Output
devices devices
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Input Devices

• The Electromechanical devices that

can be used to enter data and
instructions to the computer

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 Various Input Devices

POINTING KEYBOARD OPTICAL INPUT AUDIO INPUT VIDEO INPUT

DEVICES DEVICES DEVICES DEVICES

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 Pointing Devices

A pointing device or sometimes called a pointing tool, is a hardware

input device that allows the user to move the mouse cursor in a
computer program or operating system

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 Types of Pointing Device

Mouse Joystick

Touchpad Light pen

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 Mouse
● The mouse is a peripheral that is known as a pointing device.
● It lets you point to objects on the screen, click on them, and move
them.
● There are two main types of mouse:
○ Optical Mouse: The optical mouse uses an electronic eye to detect
movement and is easier to clean.
○ Mechanical Mouse: The mechanical mouse uses a rolling ball to detect
movement.
● Generally, a mechanical mouse is less expensive, although it may
require regular cleaning to keep it working properly.
● Traditionally, a mouse connects to the computer using a USB or PS/2
connection. However, you can also buy a wireless mouse, which can
reduce clutter on your desktop.

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Mouse

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Mouse
Alternatives
• There are other devices that can do the same thing as a
mouse but that has a different look and feel.

• Trackball: A trackball has a ball on top that can

rotate freely. Instead of moving the device like a
mouse, you can roll the ball with your fingers to
move the pointer. Some mobile devices have
miniature trackballs that can be controlled with
your thumb.

• Touchpad: A touchpad is a touch-sensitive pad

that lets you control the pointer by making a
drawing motion with your finger. Touch pads are
common on laptop computers

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Joystick and Game Controller

• Joystick: A joystick is a lever that is

used to control computer games.

• Gamepad: a type of video game

controller held in two hands, where
the fingers (especially thumbs) are
used to provide input

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Keyboard

• Keyboard was invented by

Christopher Latham Sholes
• A keyboard is a human interface
device which is represented as
layout of button or keys.
• Features of keyboard –
• Typewriter keyboard with
numeric keypad.
• Special purpose keys.
• Toggle and combination keys.
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 Keyboard
● In computing, a keyboard is a typewriter-style device, which uses an
arrangement of buttons or keys, to act as mechanical levers or electronic
switches.
● A keyboard typically has characters printed on the keys and each press of a
key typically corresponds to a single written symbol.
● However, to produce some symbols requires pressing and holding several
keys simultaneously or in sequence.
● Despite the development of alternative input devices, such as the mouse,
touch screen, pen devices, character recognition and voice recognition, the
keyboard remains the most used device for direct (human) input of
alphanumeric data into computers.
● The keyboard is used as a text entry interface to type text and numbers
into a word processor, text editor or other programs. Keyboards are also
used for computer gaming. A keyboard is also used to give commands to
the operating system of a computer, such as Windows' Control-Alt-Delete
combination, which brings up a task window or shuts down the machine.
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Types of Keyboard

• Standard keyboard
• Laptop-size keyboard
• Hand-held keyboard
• Thumb-sized keyboard

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 Standard Keyboard
Desktop computer keyboards, such as the 101-key US traditional
keyboards or the 104-key Windows keyboards, include alphabetic
characters, punctuation symbols, numbers and a variety of function
keys.

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 Laptop-size Keyboard
Keyboards on laptops and notebook computers usually have a shorter
travel distance for the keystroke, shorter over travel distance, and a
reduced set of keys. They may not have a numerical keypad.

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Handheld
Keyboard
Handheld ergonomic keyboards
are designed to be held like a
game controller, and can be used
as such, instead of laid out flat on
top of a table surface.

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Thumb-sized Keyboard

Smaller external keyboards have been

introduced for devices without a built-in
keyboard, such as PDAs, and smart
phones. Small keyboards are also useful
where there is a limited workspace.

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Optical Device

• Optical input devices that uses light as

a source of input. They eliminate the
need for manual entry of data, thus
accuracy increases.
• Types of optical input devices –
• Scanner
• Barcode Reader

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 Scanner
● A scanner allows you to copy an image or document and save it to
your computer as a digital (computer-readable) image.

● Fingerprint Scanner: A fingerprint scanner can be defined as a

biometric security device that identifies and authenticates an
individual's fingerprint to identify them.

Fig: Scanner Fig: Fingerprint Scanner

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 Audio Input Device
● Audio input devices records the analog sound and convert it into
digital form for further processing.

● Types of audio input devices –

○ Voice recognition
○ Microphone
○ Music Instrument

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 Microphone
A microphone is a type of input device, or a device that receives information from a
user. You can connect the microphone to the computer and use the computer to record
sound or to communicate with another computer user over the Internet. Many
computers come with built-in microphones

Fig: Microphone

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 Video Input Device
Video input devices are used to entering full motion video recording into
a computer.

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 Web Camera
A web camera or webcam is a type of input device that can record
videos and take pictures. It can also transmit video over the Internet in
real time, allowing you to do video chat or video conferencing with
someone in a different part of the world. Webcams are used often in
business, and they also help many friends and families stay connected

Fig: Web cameras

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 Digital Camera
A digital camera lets you capture a picture or video in digital form. By
connecting the camera to your computer's USB port, you can transfer
the images from the camera to the computer. You can then print the
images, email them to a friend, or post them on the Web

Fig: Digital cameras

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Output Devices

• Output devices are used to receive

information from the computer either
in softcopy or hardcopy.

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Various Output Devices

•MONITOR
•PRINTER

•AUDIO OUTPUT

•PROJECTOR

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 Monitor

● Monitor was invented in 1897 by Karl Ferdinand Braun.

● A computer monitor or a computer display is an electronic visual
display for computers.
● A computer monitor is an electronic device that shows pictures for
computers. Monitors often look similar to televisions.
● Different types of monitor –
○ CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitor
○ LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitor
○ LED (Light Emitting Diode) monitor
○ OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) monitor

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 CRT Monitor
● The first computer monitors used Cathode Ray Tube
● Older CRTs have a rounded spherical or cylindrical shape screen whereas newer
CRTs have a flat screen
Advantage:
● Fast response times and no motion artifacts. Works best for rapidly moving or
changing images
● Operate at the highest pixel resolutions generally available. Will operate at any
resolution, geometry and aspect ratio without having to adjust the image
● Viewable from almost every angle
● Best for applications that require a very accurate color and gray-scale calibration.
● Less expensive than comparable displays using other display technologies.
Disadvantage:
● Fairly bright, but not as bright as LCDs
● Use more power and produce more heat
● Larger, weigh more and take up more space
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Fig: CRT Computer Monitor

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 LCD Monitor
● The primary use of LCD technology as computer monitors was in laptops
where the lower power consumption, lighter weight and smaller physical size
of LCDs justified the higher price versus a CRT

Advantage:
● Produces very bright images due to high peak intensity.
● Energy efficient. Consume less than 1/3 the power of a comparable CRT.
● Take up about 40% less desk space. LCDs are thin and compact.
● Completely flat screen.
Disadvantage:
● Restricted viewing angles. Viewing angles affect the brightness, contrast and colors
shown.
● Considerably more expensive.
● Lower contrast than CRTs due to a poor black-level.
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Fig: LCD Computer Monitor Fig: LCD fluorescent tube

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 LED Monitor
● An LED display is a flat panel display, which utilizes an array of light-emitting diodes
as a video display.
● An LED panel is a little display, or a component of a larger display.
● They are typically used outdoors in store signs and billboards, and in recent years
have also become commonly used in destination signs on public transport vehicles
or even as part of transparent glass area.

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Fig: LED Computer Monitor Fig: Light Emitting Diodes

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 OLED Monitor
● Each pixel has its own power to control the light and display accordingly.
● Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) monitors provide higher contrast and better
viewing angles than LCDs.
● They require more power when displaying documents with white or bright
backgrounds.
● Very costly.
● Can be very thin.

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Fig: OLED Computer Monitor Every pixel can emit light

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 Printer
● Printer was invented by Johannes Gutenberg
● In computing, a printer is a peripheral which makes a persistent
human-readable representation of graphics or text on paper or
similar physical media.
● Types of printer –
○ Impact Printer: An impact printer makes contact with the paper. It usually forms
the print image by pressing an inked ribon against the paper using a hammer or
pins. Example – Dot-Matrix, Daisy Wheel etc.
○ Non-Impact Printer: Non-impact printers do not use a striking device to produce
characters on the paper; and because these printers do not hammer against the
paper they are much quieter. Example – Inkjet, Laser etc.

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 Audio Output Device
● The term “Audio Output Device” refers to any device that attaches to
a computer for the purpose of playing sound, such as music or
speech. The term can also refer to a computer sound card.

● Types of audio output device –

○ Speakers
○ Head Phones
○ Sound Card

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 Speakers & Headphones
Speakers and headphones are output devices, which mean they are
devices that communicate information from the computer to the user.
They allow you to hear sound and music. Depending on the model, they
may connect to the audio port or the USB port. Some monitors also have
built-in speakers.

Speaker Headphone
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 Projector
● Projector was invented by Charles Francis Jenkins.

● A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an

image (or moving image) on a surface commonly known as a
projection screen.

Projector
Projection Screen
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 Data Output Devices

● Plotter: A plotter is a specialized output device used to

generate high-quality, accurate, and detailed graphics. It's
popular in fields like engineering, architecture, and graphic
design. Unlike printers, which use ink or toner to create
pictures or text on paper, plotters utilize a pen or marker to
draw continuous lines on diverse media such as paper,
vinyl, or film.

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Data Output Devices

Plotter

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Conclusion

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