ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Question Bank

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Two marks questions.
1. What is AI?
According to the father of Artificial Intelligence, John McCarthy, it is “The science and
engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs”.

Or

Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or

a software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think.

Or

AI is a studying how human brain thinks, how humans learn, decide and work while
trying to solve a problem, based on this developing an intelligent software and systems.

2. What is Machine learning?

Machine learning is a branch of Artificial Intelligence and computer science which
focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn,
gradually improving its accuracy.

3. What is Anomaly detection?

The capability to automatically detect errors or unusual activity in a system.
Anomaly detection is a technique that uses AI to identify abnormal behavior as compared
to an established pattern. Anything that deviates from an established baseline pattern is
considered an anomaly.

4. What is Computer vision?

Computer Vision (CV) is a field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that deals with computational
methods to help computers understand and interpret the content of digital images and
videos. Hence, computer vision aims to make computers see and understand visual data
input from cameras or sensors.

5. What is Natural language processing?

Natural language processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence within computer
science that focuses on helping computers to understand the way that humans write and
speak.

6. What is Knowledge mining?

Knowledge mining is an emerging discipline in artificial intelligence (AI) that uses a
combination of intelligent services to quickly learn from vast amounts of information.

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7. What is data mining?
Data mining is the process of sorting through large data sets to identify patterns and
relationships that can help solve business problems through data analysis. Data mining
techniques and tools enable enterprises to predict future trends and make more-
informed business decisions.

8. Mention the categories of Data Analytics.

1. Descriptive
2. Diagnostic
3. Predictive
4. Prescriptive
5. Cognitive

9. Write the expansion of ANN and DBA.

ANN – Artificial Neural Network
DBA – Database Administrator

10. What is Conversational AI?

Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) is technology that enables humans and
computers to communicate clearly and effectively through speech or text.

Five marks questions.

1. Write the advantages and disadvantages of AI.

Advantages of AI

1. Reduction in Human Error

2. Takes risks instead of Humans
3. Available 24x7
4. Helping in Repetitive Jobs
5. Digital Assistance
6. Faster Decisions
7. Daily Applications
8. New Inventions

Disadvantages of AI

1. High Costs of Creation

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 2. Making Humans Lazy
3. Unemployment
4. No Emotions
5. Lacking Out of Box Thinking

2. Explain the Applications of AI.

1. AI in Astronomy
▪ Artificial Intelligence can be very useful to solve complex universe problems. AI
technology can be helpful for understanding the universe such as how it works, origin,
etc.

2. AI in Healthcare
▪ In the last, five to ten years, AI becoming more advantageous for the healthcare
industry and going to have a significant impact on this industry.
▪ Healthcare Industries are applying AI to make a better and faster diagnosis than
humans. AI can help doctors with diagnoses and can inform when patients are
worsening so that medical help can reach to the patient before hospitalization.

3. AI in Gaming
▪ AI can be used for gaming purpose. The AI machines can play strategic games like
chess, where the machine needs to think of a large number of possible places.

4. AI in Finance
▪ AI and finance industries are the best matches for each other. The finance industry is
implementing automation, chatbot, adaptive intelligence, algorithm trading, and
machine learning into financial processes.

5. AI in Data Security
▪ The security of data is crucial for every company and cyber-attacks are growing very
rapidly in the digital world. AI can be used to make your data more safe and secure.
Some examples such as AEG bot, AI2 Platform, are used to determine software bug
and cyber-attacks in a better way.

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6. AI in Social Media
▪ Social Media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snap chat contain billions of user
profiles, which need to be stored and managed in a very efficient way. AI can organize
and manage massive amounts of data. AI can analyze lots of data to identify the latest
trends, hash tag, and requirement of different users.

7. AI in Travel & Transport

▪ AI is becoming highly demanding for travel industries. AI is capable of doing various
travel related works such as from making travel arrangement to suggesting the
hotels, flights, and best routes to the customers. Travel industries are using AI-
powered chatbots which can make human-like interaction with customers for better
and fast response.

8. AI in Automotive Industry
▪ Some Automotive industries are using AI to provide virtual assistant to their user for
better performance. Such as Tesla has introduced TeslaBot, an intelligent virtual
assistant.
▪ Various Industries are currently working for developing self-driven cars which can
make your journey more safe and secure.

9. AI in Robotics
▪ Artificial Intelligence has a remarkable role in Robotics. Usually, general robots are
programmed such that they can perform some repetitive task, but with the help of AI,
we can create intelligent robots which can perform tasks with their own experiences
without pre-programmed.

10. AI in Entertainment
▪ We are currently using some AI based applications in our daily life with some
entertainment services such as Netflix or Amazon. With the help of ML/AI algorithms,
these services show the recommendations for programs or shows.

11. AI in Agriculture
▪ Agriculture is an area which requires various resources, labor, money, and time for
best result. Now a day's agriculture is becoming digital, and AI is emerging in this

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 field. Agriculture is applying AI as agriculture robotics, solid and crop monitoring,
predictive analysis. AI in agriculture can be very helpful for farmers.

12. AI in E-commerce
▪ AI is providing a competitive edge to the e-commerce industry, and it is becoming more
demanding in the e-commerce business. AI is helping shoppers to discover associated
products with recommended size, color, or even brand.

13. AI in education:
▪ AI can automate grading so that the tutor can have more time to teach. AI chatbot can
communicate with students as a teaching assistant.
▪ AI in the future can be work as a personal virtual tutor for students, which will be accessible
easily at any time and any place.

3. How machine learning works?

In today's world, we create huge volumes of data as we go about our everyday lives. From
the text messages, emails, and social media posts we send to the photographs and videos
we take on our phones, we generate massive amounts of information. More data still is
created by millions of sensors in our homes, cars, cities, public transport infrastructure,
and factories.

Data scientists can use all of that data to train machine learning models that can make
predictions and inferences based on the relationships they find in the data.

For example: suppose an environmental conservation organization wants volunteers to

identify and catalog different species of wildflower using a phone app. The following
animation shows how machine learning can be used to enable this scenario.

1. A team of botanists and scientists collect data on wildflower samples.

2. The team labels the samples with the correct species.
3. The labeled data is processed using an algorithm that finds relationships between the
features of the samples and the labeled species.
4. The results of the algorithm are encapsulated in a model.
5. When new samples are found by volunteers, the model can identify the correct
species label.

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4. Write a note on Computer Vision tasks.

Task Description

Image
classification

Image classification involves training a machine learning model to

classify images based on their contents. For example, in traffic
monitoring solution you might use an image classification model to
classify images based on the type of vehicle they contain, such as taxis,
buses, cyclists, and so on.

Object detection

Object detection machine learning models are trained to classify

individual objects within an image, and identify their location with a
bounding box. For example, a traffic monitoring solution might use
object detection to identify the location of different classes of vehicle.

Semantic
segmentation

Semantic segmentation is an advanced machine learning technique in

which individual pixels in the image are classified according to the
object to which they belong. For example, a traffic monitoring solution
might overlay traffic images with "mask" layers to highlight different
vehicles using specific colors.

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Task Description

Image analysis

You can create solutions that combine machine learning models with
advanced image analysis techniques to extract information from images,
including "tags" that could help catalog the image or even descriptive
captions that summarize the scene shown in the image.

Face detection,
analysis, and
recognition

Face detection is a specialized form of object detection that locates

human faces in an image. This can be combined with classification and
facial geometry analysis techniques to recognize individuals based on
their facial features.

Optical character
recognition (OCR)

Optical character recognition is a technique used to detect and read text

in images. You can use OCR to read text in photographs (for example,
road signs or store fronts) or to extract information from
scanned documents such as letters, invoices, or forms.

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5. Explain the elements of AI?

The key elements of AI include.

1. Natural language processing (NLP)

▪ NLP is a branch of AI that allows machines to use and understand human language.
▪ It is built into products such as automatic language translators, text-to-speech
translation, speech-to-text translation, and knowledge extraction from text.
▪ This technology is used to scan data in the form of raw language such as
handwriting, voice, and images.

2. Expert systems
▪ Expert systems are machines or software applications that provide explanation and
advice to users through a set of rules provided by an expert.
▪ The rules are programmed into software to reproduce the knowledge for no experts
to solve a range of actual problems.
▪ Examples: AI in medicine, AI in pharmacy, AI in law, AI in food science, and
engineering and maintenance.

3. Robotics
▪ Intelligent robots are mechanical structures in various shapes that are programmed
to perform specific tasks based on human instructions.
▪ In underwater welding, robots are used to conduct underwater maintenance and
repair tasks.

4. Intelligent agents
▪ Multi-agent systems (MAS) are a subfield of AI that builds computational systems
capable of making decisions and take actions autonomously.
▪ Making decisions based on their perception about the state of the environment,
their past experiences, and their objectives.

5. Computational Intelligence
▪ Computational Intelligence is the computational aspect of AI that focuses on
utilizing and deriving value from data.

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 ▪ It uses the knowledge-discovery and data-mining processes to develop ML
workflows to learn from historical data and predict future events.

6. Explain the computer vision services in Microsoft Azure.

Microsoft Azure provides the following cognitive services to help you create computer
vision solutions:

Service Capabilities

Computer Vision You can use this service to analyze images and video, and extract
descriptions, tags, objects, and text.
Custom Vision Use this service to train custom image classification and object
detection models using your own images.
Face The Face service enables you to build face detection and facial
recognition solutions.
Form Recognizer Use this service to extract information from scanned forms and
invoices.

7. Explain the services of Natural language processing in Microsoft Azure?

In Microsoft Azure, you can use the following cognitive services to build natural
language processing solutions:

Service Capabilities

Language Use this service to access features for understanding and analyzing text, training
language models that can understand spoken or text-based commands, and
building intelligent applications.

Translator Use this service to translate text between more than 60 languages.

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Service Capabilities

Speech Use this service to recognize and synthesize speech, and to translate spoken
languages.

Azure Bot This service provides a platform for conversational AI, the capability of a
software "agent" to participate in a conversation. Developers can use the Bot
Framework to create a bot and manage it with Azure Bot services like Language,
connecting to channels for web chat, email, Microsoft Teams, and
others.

8. Write a note on Challenges and risks with AI.

Artificial Intelligence is a powerful tool that can be used to greatly benefit the world.
However, like any tool, it must be used responsibly.

The following table shows some of the potential challenges and risks facing an AI
application developer.

Challenge or Risk Example

Bias can affect results A loan-approval model discriminates by gender due to bias in
the data with which it was trained.

Errors may cause harm An autonomous vehicle experiences a system failure and
causes a collision

Data could be exposed A medical diagnostic bot is trained using sensitive patient
data, which is stored insecurely

Solutions may not work for A home automation assistant provides no audio output for
everyone visually impaired users

Users must trust a complex An AI-based financial tool makes investment

system recommendations - what are they based on?

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Challenge or Risk Example

Who's liable for AI-driven An innocent person is convicted of a crime based on evidence
decisions? from facial recognition – who's responsible?

9. Explain the process of data Analysis.

1. Prepare
Data preparation is the process of taking raw data and turning it into information that is
trusted and understandable. It involves, among other things, ensuring the integrity of the
data, correcting wrong or inaccurate data, identifying missing data, converting data from
one structure to another or from one type to another.

2. Model
When the data is in a proper state, it's ready to be modeled. Data modeling is the process
of determining how your tables are related to each other. This process is done by defining
and creating relationships between the tables.

3. Visualize
By using appropriate visualizations and interactions, you can provide an effective report
that guides the reader through the content quickly and efficiently, therefore allowing the
reader to follow a narrative into the data. The ultimate goal of the visualize task is to solve
business problems.

4. Analyze
The analyze task is the important step of understanding and interpreting the information
that is displayed on the report. In your role as a data analyst, you should understand the
analytical capabilities of Power BI and use those capabilities to find insights, identify
patterns and trends, predict outcomes, and then communicate those insights in a way
that everyone can understand.

5. Manage
The management of your content helps to foster collaboration between teams and
individuals. Sharing and discovery of your content is important for the right people to get
the answers that they need. It is also important to help ensure that items are secure.

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 You want to make sure that the right people have access and that you are not leaking
data past the correct stakeholders.

10. Write a note on Data Analytics.

• Data analytics is the science of analyzing raw data to make conclusions about that
information.
• Data analytics help a business optimize its performance, perform more efficiently,
maximize profit, or make more strategically-guided decisions.
• The techniques and processes of data analytics have been automated into mechanical
processes and algorithms that work over raw data for human consumption.
• Various approaches to data analytics include looking at what happened (descriptive
analytics), why something happened (diagnostic analytics), what is going to happen
(predictive analytics), or what should be done next (prescriptive analytics).
• Data analytics relies on a variety of software tools ranging from spreadsheets, data
visualization, and reporting tools, data mining programs, or open-source languages
for the greatest data manipulation.

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