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Unit Circle

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11 views37 pages

Unit Circle

Uploaded by

drdhonz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objectives:

• Illustrate the different circular


function/trigonometric function.
• Use reference angles to find
exact values of circular
function/trigonometric function.
Trigonometric Function

• are the periodic functions which


denote the relationship between
angle and sides of a right-angled
triangle.
Trigonometric Function
• Sometimes called a circular function.
This is because the two fundamental
trigonometric functions – the sine and the
cosine – are defined as the coordinates
of a point P travelling around the unit circle.
6 Trigonometric Function
Special
Right Triangle
30°-60°-90° Triangle Theorem
The 30°- 60°- 90° triangle
theorem states that in a 30°-
60°- 90° triangle, the length
of the hypotenuse is twice
the length of the shortest
side, and the length of the
other side is the square root
of 3 times the length of the
shortest side
45°-45°-90° Triangle Theorem
A 45°- 45°- 90° triangle is a
special type of right
triangle, where the ratio of
the lengths of the sides of
45 ° - 45 ° - 90 ° triangle is
always 1:1:√2, meaning
that if one leg is x units
long, then the other leg is
also x units long, and the
hypotenuse is x√2 units
long.
Example:
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 sin 30° .

𝟑𝟎° − 𝟔𝟎° − 𝟗𝟎°


Triangle Theorem

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 1
sin 30° = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 2
Example:
5𝜋
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 cos
6
Example:
5𝜋
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 cos
6
Convert the radians into degrees.
Checkpoint:
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 tan 150°
Checkpoint:
𝜋
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 tan
6
Circular Function

• Can be defined in terms of an arc


length and the coordinates of the
terminal point of the arc on the
unit circle.
• Let 𝜃 be an angle in the
standard position and let the
point (x, y) be a point on the
terminal side of 𝜃.
The x and y
coordinates
represent the
lengths of the legs
on the right triangle
while the
hypotenuse is the
radius of the circle.
The sine, cosine, and tangent functions
are known as the basic circular
function. The cosecant, secant, and
cotangent functions are called the
reciprocal function because they are
simply reciprocal of the basic circular
functions.
Circular Functions are defined as follows:
Example:
𝜋
𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 θ = .
3
Example:
𝜋
𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 θ = .
3
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝜋
θ= = 60° The point on the unit circle corresponding to
3 𝜋
is:
3
𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:
Checkpoint:
𝜋
𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 θ = − .
4
Reference Angle

• Can be used to determine the values


of six circular function of a given
angle 𝜃 as determined by the terminal
point of its corresponding arc length.
Reference Angle
To draw the reference
angle for an angle,
identify its terminal
side and see by what
angle the terminal
side is close to the x-
axis. The reference
angle of 135° is drawn:
Rules for Reference Angle in each
Quadrant
Reference Angle Reference Angle
Quadrant Angle Formula in Formula in
Degrees Radians
Lies between
I 𝜃 𝜃
0° 𝑡𝑜 90°
Lies between
II 180 − 𝜃 𝜋−𝜃
90° 𝑡𝑜 180°
Lies between
III 𝜃 − 180 𝜃−𝜋
180° 𝑡𝑜 270°
Lies between
IV 360 − 𝜃 2𝜋 − 𝜃
270° 𝑡𝑜 360°
Reference Angle Formula
Example:
5𝜋
Find the reference angle of .
6
Convert into degrees:
5𝜋 180°
∙ = 150° ∴150˚ is in Quadrant II
6 𝜋
Use the formula in Quadrant II to find the reference angle.
5𝜋
180° − 𝜃 ∴The reference angle of
6
180° − 150° = 30° is 30˚
Example:
Find the reference angle of 300°.
Since 300˚ lies between 270˚ - 360˚, we use the formula in
Quadrant IV to find the reference angle.

360° − 𝜃
360° − 300° = 30°

∴The reference angle of 300˚ is 30˚.

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