IPSC CANADA

NATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM

ds

BLACK BADGE

TRAINING

MANUAL
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FOUR RULES WHEN HANDLING FIREARMS

1. TREAT ALL FIREAMS AS IF THEY ARE LOADED.

2. ALWAYS KEEP THE FIREARM POINTED IN A SAFE

DIRECTION.

3. KEEP YOUR FINGER OFF THE TRIGGER AND OUTSIDE OF

THE TRIGGER GUARD UNTIL YOU ARE READY TO SHOOT.

4. BE CERTAIN OF YOUR TARGET AND YOUR LINE OF FIRE.

SAFETY IS EVERYONE’S RESPONSIBILITY

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Introduction To The Black Badge Course

Welcome to the IPSC Canada National
Training program, or as it is better
known as the “Black Badge” course.
This course is used to train competitors
in our sport and give them the basic
skills necessary to participate in IPSC
competitions. This manual is a guide
for students and will be used as a
reference throughout the course.

The Black Badge course teaches a

combination of safety, proficiency, and
understanding of the rules. The
progression of skills will be learned by:

1. Reading the materials that are provided with this course.

2. Observing techniques demonstrated by the instructor.
3. Doing the techniques under the close supervision of the instructor.

Knowing what is safe is not enough.

Without very close instruction and
supervision, the students will not realize
the things that they are doing might be
unsafe in IPSC. The instructor must
catch unsafe behavior or actions at the
earliest stages and drill the appropriate
responses into the student so that all
actions become reflexive in nature.

Both new and experienced targets

shooters are welcome. This course will
demonstrate all of the necessary skills to
shoot an IPSC Course of fire safely and
accurately.

Upon completion of the course the

students will be very safe and
sufficiently proficient to allow them to
compete in competitions at local clubs
and at Provincial and National events.
They will be known as qualified IPSC

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competitors and are entitled to a
certificate, a numbered “Black Badge”
and to participate in all sanctioned IPSC
events.

There are stages that the students must

complete to qualify. Some have both a
time and accuracy requirement, while
some involve only accuracy. The
students should know that they are to
keep trying until they successfully
complete a requirement and that all they have to do is get it right once. Each student has
an individual record page and as the student qualifies, the instructor will sign off on each
completed exercise. When the individual records pages are completed, they are sent to
the Black Badge Training Coordinator, so the student’s qualifications are recognized.
When a student successfully competes in a sanctioned event, A Black Badge is issued
with a specific number for the student.

All instructors must be current IPSC Canada members and listed as an instructor with the
National Range Officer Institute, (NROI). All students must join IPSC Canada in order
to take the course, qualify and receive an IPSC Canada Black Badge. Students will be
provided with a current Rule Book and must pay all of the necessary course and
membership fees.

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How The National Training Program Started

The National Training Program, (Black Badge Program), was initially brought into
existence in 1979 as a means of training new competitors in our sport. Individuals that
contributed to the development of the initial training program were:

• Lorna Pavelka
• Dave Young
• Alexandra Doroschin
• Dr. W. P. Hillgartner
• Michael Doehl
• Murray “Doc” Gardner
• Kerry Lathwell
• Richard Clements
• Nick Alexakos

In 1987, Ken Bell and Mario Di Paolo

organized and prepared this information
into a new manual that became known as
the Black Badge Manual. For 18 years
the manual that they developed has been
the first step in the process for developing the skill necessary to compete in our sport. In
2005, Mark Hamrol, Bruce McIntyre, Gunnar Christensen, Sean Hansen, Brad
Kirkpatrick and Jerry Wong updated the course manual.

In 2012, the course was updates by Mark Hamrol, assisted by Clint Milburn and Kent
Hill. All of us would like to thank you for putting in the time and effort to develop this
program. Your efforts are appreciated by all of the competitors in IPSC Canada.

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IPSC
The International Practical Shooting
Confederation (IPSC) was established
to promote, maintain, improve and
advance the sport of IPSC shooting, to
safeguard its principles and to regulate
its conduct worldwide in order to
cultivate the safe, recreational use of
firearms by persons of good character.

The art of shooting can be traced back

as far as the middle ages but it wasn't
until the 19th century that shooting
really developed into a sport. In the 200 years since, shooters have come together in a
variety of organizations, at the local, national, and world levels, to practice, perfect, and
perpetuate the shooting sports.

Competitive IPSC-style shooting developed in southern California in the late 1950's and
quickly spread throughout the shooting world to Australia, Central and South America,
Europe, and Southern Africa.

As the sport attracted greater interest, the participants sought a more structured
competition environment. In May of 1976, the International Pistol Conference was held
in Colombia, Missouri where sportsmen from around the world participated in
determining the structure, organization, and future of IPSC marksmanship.

In Col. Jeff Coopers words:

“The Columbia Conference was held at Columbia,

Missouri at the instigation of Dick Thomas and Franklin
Brown... a meeting of enthusiasts throughout both the
United States and the world, attempting to devise some
sort of international organization. With no authority but
our own enthusiasm, we set up the International Practical
Shooting Confederation, with representation in fourteen
nations.”

To really appreciate the extent of the revolution of IPSC,

consider the handgun shooting scene in the 1960's. The
only international handgun competition was at the
Olympics and in the United States the NRA bullseye course was the accepted standard.
The pistol of choice was a revolver. There were no moderately priced progressive
reloaders, no electronic timers, and no race guns. There were few gun magazines, and

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none dedicated solely to handguns. Television and movie detectives carried snub-nosed
revolvers and fired them one-handed from the hip.

At the conclusion of the Columbia conference, the International Practical Shooting

Confederation was officially formed. Colonel Jeff Cooper, who acted as chairman of the
conference, was elected the first IPSC world president.

A lot of lead has gone downrange since

Cooper and his friends started slapping
leather back in 1956 and today, the
Confederation is truly an international
sports shooting organization that has
revolutionized handgun shooting on all
levels.

Accuracy, power, and speed were

recognized as the quintessential elements
and have become the foundation of IPSC
shooting. The Latin motto Diligentia,
Vis, Celeritas (DVC) meaning accuracy,
power, and speed was introduced to
reflect these balanced elements. It is a
balance of all three of these that will
make you successful in IPSC
competitions. Range procedures and
rules for competitions as well as safe gun
handling standards, were also adopted.

IPSC recognizes all the shooting

disciplines - Handgun, Rifle, Shotgun,

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and Action Air. IPSC shooters need to
blend accuracy, power, and speed into a
winning combination. Multiple targets,
moving targets, targets that react when
hit, penalty targets, or even partially
covered targets, obstacles, movement,
competitive strategies, and other
techniques are all a part of IPSC to keep
shooters challenged and spectators
engaged.

IPSC shooting represents a new, exciting

form of sport shooting and was
established to promote, maintain, and
advance practical marksmanship.

Even after a student completes all

aspects of the course, an instructor must
still exercise discretion in deciding
whether or not to approve a student. If
the instructor has any doubts about
safety or attitude, the student should not
be approved.

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IPSC History In Canada

Canada became active in IPSC
primarily in British Columbia,
Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Ontario
in 1976-77. Murray “Doc” Gardner
was Canada’s first Regional
Director.
Large regions are broken down into
sections. IPSC Canada currently has
active sections in British Columbia,
Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba,
Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick,
Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland

Each section has a Board of Directors that is responsible to its membership. The
Chairperson of the Board of Directors is known as the Section Coordinator. The Section
Coordinators for each section make up the National Executive Committee. The National
Executive Committee, NEC, is the ruling body that controls IPSC Canada. All official
communications to and from each section are conducted through the Section Coordinator.

IPSC Canada provides its Sections with the latest information concerning rules,
competitions, and other matters of general interest. Each Section, in turn, passes this
information on to its general membership.

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The region controls the Nationals championship and
each Section controls it’s Sectional championships.
Individuals who wish to participate in IPSC
sanctioned competitions must be members of the
IPSC section that they live in.

All individuals who want to participate in IPSC

competition must be familiar with the rules. These
are in a separate booklet that are published by IPSC,
the world governing body, and distributed to each
region. This rulebook will be used for the open book
examination.

IPSC is a competitive target sport designed to test

individual skills at long and close range shooting
distances, reactions, and problem solving
capabilities. It is a shooting discipline where the
pistol is used in the most efficient way possible. The
shooting is practical in the sense that it develops the
skills necessary to use the pistol to its full
capabilities.

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One of the biggest attractions to
IPSC competitions is that match
events are seldom the same from
event to event. Diversity in event
design is encouraged. It is for this
reason that IPSC has rejuvenated
pistol shooting as a competitive
sport. IPSC has a good future
because it is fun, challenging,
exciting and safe. It also offers
great spectator appeal. That is
why this sport has grown rapidly
in many countries around the
world.

IPSC differs from other forms of

shooting competitions in two ways. The nature of the sport is to be diverse, where each
stage of the match is different from any previous stage. Different start positions, props,
targets, and numbers of rounds are used. A stage may have only one target or several.
Targets may be stationary while others move. The competitor may be required to shoot
from one or multiple positions and locations. Shooting on the move is very common for
IPSC competitions. “Penalty targets” are used to obscure targets to make it more difficult
to engage them.

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National Range Officers Institute

The National Range Officers Institute, NROI, www.nroi-
canada.org, was designed to establish a structure for the
creation, accreditation, recognition, and maintenance for
the members wishing to become match officials.
Following the goals of the Range Officer Creed, the
organization ensures that Range Officers are the best
prepared and trained, to a same world-wide standard, in
conjunction with IPSC/IROA officials. There exists a
direct relationship between the quality of the officiating,
and the quality of the competition.

Match officials duties may be broadly divided into two categories:

1. Maintaining safety.
2. Running the event.

The primary responsibility of IPSC Range Officials is the safety of the competitors,
spectators, and fellow Range Officials. The Officials at an IPSC event are in total control
of the range.

Range Officer (RO)

A Range Officer will explain the course of fire, in detail, to all contestants and ensure that
their questions are answered. They will issue range commands, oversee competitor
compliance with the written stage briefing and closely monitor safe competitor action.
They will also declare the time, scores and penalties achieved by each competitor and
verify that these are correctly recorded on the competitor's score sheet (under the
authority of a Chief Range Officer and Range Master).

Chief Range Officer (CRO)

A CRO has primary authority over all Range Officers, individuals and activities in the
courses of fire under their control. They oversees the fair, correct and consistent
application of the rules (under the authority of the Range Master).

Range Master (RM)

Range Master has overall authority over all Officials, persons and activities within the
entire range. This includes range safety, the operation of all courses of fire and the
application of the rules. The Range Master is usually appointed by and works with the
Match Director.

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Match Director (MD)

The Match Director handles overall match administration including squadding,

scheduling, range construction, the coordination of all support staff and the provision of
services. His authority and decisions will prevail with regard to all matters except in
respect to the rules, which is the domain of the Range Master.

RO Creed
• Safety shall always be my primary goal, with efficiency and speed of the
competition as secondary factors.
• It is a privilege and an honor to serve as a Range Officer and I shall act
accordingly.
• It is my duty to assist all competitors in their attempts to accomplish their goals
and not to hinder them by undue harassment and authoritarian behaviors.
• I shall put aside personal prejudices and act as an impartial judge at all times.
• I shall keep my opinions to myself and shall not be critical of any individual
beyond the field of contest.
• I will thoroughly familiarize myself with all current regulations, match rules and
attendant subjects.
• I will be firm and fair in all judgmental calls made during the course of a stage,
and be prepared to state in a clear and concise manner my reasons for such calls to
the particular competitor or any Range Official.
• During the course of a stage, my attention shall be clearly focused on the
particular competitor I am assigned to observe, and I shall not permit my attention
to be misdirected or lax.
• Prior to and during a stage, I shall never consume any alcoholic beverage or
narcotic. I understand that if I violate this rule, I may be suspended or barred from
serving as a Range Official in the future.
• I shall confer only with my fellow Range Officers and Match Officials concerning
the behavior of any competitor and any decisions to be rendered.
• I shall exercise due consideration for the personal emotions of any competitor,
and shall act in a manner so as not to embarrass or disturb the competitor any
more than is absolutely necessary.
• I shall strive to never give even the appearance of wrongdoing.

How to become an NROI Range Officer?

• You must be a current member of IPSC Canada.
• You must be a member for at least one year.
• You must compete in at least three Level II matches.
• You must successfully complete a Level I NROI Range Officer seminar.
• You must earn three (3) supervised Match Points (work under the direction of a
certified IPSC Range Officer).

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Power Factor
Power is a requirement in IPSC competition, along with speed and accuracy. The power
of a given cartridge is measured by both bullet weight and velocity. The weight of the
bullet fired in grains is multiplied by the velocity (feet per second) and the total must
exceed certain thresholds. The power factor of a firearm for IPSC competition is
calculated using the following formula:

Bullet Weight (grains) X Velocity (feet/second)

1000

Here are two examples on how this formula is used:

A 38 super bullet weighing 124 grains and traveling at a velocity of 1350 fps would have
a power factor of 167.4.

124 (grains) X 1350 (feet/second) = 167.4

1000

A 40 S&W bullet weighing 180 grains and traveling at a velocity of 970 fps would have a
power factor of 174.6.

180 (grains) X 970 (feet/second) = 174.6

1000

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Major/Minor
A competitor's ammunition is fired, in the competitor's firearm (velocities can vary
slightly from one firearm to another) to measure the velocity for scoring. A Major load is
one that exceeds the threshold of 160,000 or
170,000 (depending on the division competed
in). To shoot Minor, a competitor's ammunition
must exceed 125,000. Extra scoring is not
given for exceeding the threshold. A
competitor declaring Major, but who fails the
threshold, has his/her score re-calculated at
Minor. A shooter who declares Minor, but fails
that threshold, is given a score of zero for the
match.

Two power factors floors are recognized in

IPSC; Major and Minor.

Power Factor
Minimum Minimum
Division Major Minor
Open 160 125
Standard 170 125
Classic 170 125
Production N/A 125
Revolver 170 125

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Divisions
All Divisions fire the same stages, on the same days, as all other Divisions, in a match.
However, when calculating match standings, only Divisional stage scores are compared.
Thus, the top shooter in Open on a stage is the measure for all other Open shooters, and
likewise for all other Divisions.

There are five divisions currently recognized in IPSC Competition.

1. Open

Open Division is the handgun equivalent of top fuel dragsters. The pistols have
compensators, red dot sights, and hi-capacity magazines. Typically chambered in .38
Super (or some variant) or 9mm Parabellum, the magazines can hold up to 29 rounds, in
Canada we can only have a maximum capacity of ten rounds. They can be loaded to
Major or Minor. More information can be found in the rulebook in Appendix D1.

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2. Standard

Standard Division is limited to pistols .40 caliber or larger in bore size for Major, (with
the exception of the .357 SIG, a .40 case necked-down to accept the .355 diameter
projectile which can be loaded to high pressures), or 9mm or larger for Minor, at the
shooters choice. They may not have compensators, red dot sights, and the pistol with
empty magazine must fit within the "IPSC box" a set of dimensions that limit overall
size. (225mm x 150mm x 45mm (with tolerance +1mm -0mm)). More information can be
found in the rulebook in Appendix D2.

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3. Classic

Classic Division was introduced for the 2011-2012 season for an evaluation period until
December 31, 2014. The division is limited to guns following the classic 1911 form;
features such as extended dust covers and light rails are not permitted. Restrictions are
placed on the size of magazine wells allowed, as well as physical dimension as measured
using the "IPSC box. Competitors may shoot in either major or minor power factor;
major power factor requires a .40 or larger projectile (with the exception of the .357 SIG,
a .40 case necked-down to accept the .355 diameter projectile which can be loaded to
high pressures) and are subject to a magazine capacity limit of 8. Minor power factor can
be achieved using a 1911 chambered for 9mm; a limit of 10 rounds is in place for such
firearms. More information can be found in the rulebook in Appendix D3.

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4. Production

Production Division is restricted to double-action or striker fired pistols, scored at Minor,

that must both meet the dimensional restrictions and are unmodified from the
manufacturers specifications. Only pistols explicitly listed on the approved list from IPSC
may be used. Permitted modifications are limited to the application of grip tape in limited
areas, replacement of sights that do not require gun smithing, and the replacement of
internal components with those of the original manufacturer and available as a factory
option. Minor polishing and fitting of trigger components is allowed. There are
differences in allowed pistols in IPSC Production Division when compared to USPSA
Production Division. More information can be found in the rulebook in Appendix D4.

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5. Revolver Standard

Revolver Division does not permit muzzle brakes, optical sights, or more than six-shot
capacity. Competitors can have any caliber .38 Special or larger, and may declare Major.
More information can be found in the rulebook in Appendix D5.

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Firearms
The dominant firearm that was used in IPSC, when it was first started, was the Colt 1911
in .45 ACP or its equivalent. Over the years, as firearm technology and calibers
improved, the choice for the competitor has increased. Now there are many different
manufacturers of firearms used in IPSC. The 1911 style of firearm still makes up a large
segment of the equipment that competitors use. Some of the manufacturers that produce
the 1911 style of firearm are:

• STI International • Springfield Armory

• Infinity Firearms • Smith & Wesson

One of the fastest growing divisions in IPSC is production. Some of the manufacturers
that produce firearms that are approved for this division are:

• Ceska Zbrojovka • Glock

• Smith & Wesson • Tanfoglio

It is common practice for most

competitors to modify their firearms to
suit their personal needs. Make sure that
you check the rulebook to determine what
modifications are allowed in each
division. Some examples of common
modifications you will find in standard
division are:

• High visibility sights

• Extend or ambidextrous safety
• Modify grips
• Lowered ejection port
• Extended magazine release
• Larger magazine wells

For a competitor to be successful in IPSC

competition you need to have a firearm
that is extremely reliable. It is strongly
recommended to have a qualified
gunsmith do any or all modifications to a
firearm that involve the internal workings.

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Magazines/Speedloaders
A competitor will need a minimum of five magazines, or six speedloaders, (more is
better), to participate in IPSC. Magazines and speedloaders are the heart of a
firearm, and without good quality, properly cared for magazines or
speedloaders the firearm will malfunction, sooner or
later. When buying spare magazines or speedloaders,
purchase the best ones that are available. Aftermarket
magazines usually come with better features such as
extra round capacity, larger base pads, quick releases,
etc. Check the rulebook to determine what “extra
features” are allowed for each division.

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Ammunition
The majority of IPSC competitors load
their own ammunition. The primary reason
for this is that the cost savings are
significant and the ammunition can be
tuned to the firearm. This will allow the
firearm to perform at its maximum
potential. Extreme care must be taken in
the reloading of ammunition. It is not
necessary to load ammunition beyond safe
levels. All that is required is to achieve the
necessary power factor.

When loading for competition it is absolutely essential to use the best components.
Reliability is the key factor, for even the most expensive firearm will not function
properly if it is fed sub-standard ammunition.

If you decide to load your own ammunition, it is strongly

recommended that you purchase or get access to a chronograph. A
chronograph is used to measure the speed that a bullet is
traveling. This will allow you to calculate your power factor. At
many competitions it is mandatory that all competitor’s
ammunition is chronographed to determine if they are shooting
major or minor.

When traveling around to different competitions you must consider the changes in
atmosphere, humidity and temperature. Different chronographs can cause differences in
power factors. That is why it is recommended that the load should be slightly higher than
the required power factor. It is not necessary to have a load far exceed the minimum
power factor required for a division.

Some of the most popular calibers that you will find used in IPSC competitions are:

Division Caliber
• Open • 38 Super, 38 Super Comp, 9mm, 357 Sig
• Standard • 40 S&W, 45 ACP
• Classic • 9 mm, 40 S&W, 45 ACP
• Production • 9 mm, 40 S&W
• Revolver Standard • 357 Magnum, 38 Special, 9 mm,
• 40S&W/10mm, 45 ACP

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Belt, Holsters, Magazine Pouches

A well-designed belt is a necessity in our sport; it will aid a
competitor in the draw and allow consistent access to a
competitor’s firearm and magazines. The belt must be securely
fastened at hip level. The belt should be stiff enough to hold the
holster and magazine pouches in the same position at all times.

There are many different holster and pouch manufacturers used in IPSC. Some of them
are:
• CR Speed • BladeTech
• Double Alpha Academy • Ghost
• Universal Shooting Academy • Safariland

Whatever holster you choose it should be constructed in such a

manner that it will retain the firearm correctly during vigorous
activities; yet allow you an unimpeded draw. The holster must cover
the trigger guard and keep the firearm close to the competitor’s body.

The holster should be designed so that the competitor can obtain a firm grip on the
firearm with the strong hand without moving it in the holster. If possible, it is
recommended that competitors try on a number of different holster designs to determine
which one suits them best. They may fit someone differently depending on body type.

Magazine pouches are worn on the belt usually to the opposite

side to the holster. The pouches must hold the magazines securely
yet allow the competitor unimpeded access. Pouches should be
cut low enough to ensure that a proper grip can be obtained on the
magazine. Most competitors wear a minimum of three pouches on
their belt.

Note: There are individual rules for each division in regards to

holster, etc. Please refer to your rulebook to get the latest information.

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Other Related Equipment

A good shooting bag will allow you to carry the necessary accessories, ammunition, etc
to a match. It is recommended that it have compartments that will keep items separate.
Items that should be included in your range bag could be:

• Cleaning equipment • Spare parts

• Eye protection • Rag or towel
• Hearing Protection • Scoring overlays
• Current rulebook • Paperwork

The above is in addition to your firearm, holster,

ammunition, etc.

When going to practice, other items may aid you in training, these include but are not
limited to: Targets, tape, target stands, staple gun, chronograph, timer, (sun screen, insect
repellent, if shooting outdoors).

You also need to consider the environment that you are going to be competing in. IPSC
competitions usually require that you be in attendance for the whole day. Does the range
have adequate shelter to protect you from the rain or sun? What is the terrain like? Will
food and drink be available? By asking these questions you will be better prepared for the
day of competition.

Hearing and Eye Protection

Competitors and spectators must wear hearing and eye protection at all times when they
are attending IPSC competitions. Everyone, not just officials, needs to be alert to remind
anyone that they must have hearing and eye protection on before shooting begins.

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Safety Area
A designated “Safety Area” at the range is provided for the boxing and un-boxing of your
firearm. No ammunition may be handled in the safety area. This area is provided so that
the competitor may check their holster and firearm without being supervised by a Range
Officer. There will be a designated safe direction in which to point the muzzle of your
firearm. You are also allowed to practice draws, dry firing, reloads (as long as no
ammunition is handled), and other activities such as repairs, cleaning, and maintenance.

Boxing/Un-boxing
Boxing a firearm is when a competitor wants to place a firearm in a carry case, gear bag,
etc. This can only be done in a “designated” safety area or under the direct supervision of
a Range Officer. The firearm is un-holstered and placed in a carry case, all the while
making sure that the firearm is pointed in a “designated” safe direction. It is strongly
recommended that the competitor verify that the firearm is unloaded.

Un-boxing is when a competitor wants to remove a firearm from a carry case. NOTE:
When un-boxing a firearm you should know which direction the firearm is pointing when
the case is closed. That way when the case is opened the firearm will be pointing in a
“designated” safe direction. This can only be done in a “designated” safety area or under
the direct supervision of a Range Officer. It is strongly recommended that the competitor
verify that the firearm is unloaded.

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Firearm Safety Check

It may be necessary or desirable to check the firearm for safety. This can be done at a
“designated” safety area, or while under the direct supervision of a Range Officer. To
check a semi automatic firearm do the following:

• While pointing the firearm in a “safe” direction verify that the magazine well and
chamber are empty.
• Close the slide.
• Pointing the firearm in a safe direction lower the hammer by pressing the trigger.
• Manual safety:
o With the hammer cocked and the safety on, press the trigger. The hammer
should not drop.
o With the hammer cocked and the safety on, press the trigger with a strong
force. Release the trigger; take the safety down to the “off” position. The
hammer should remain cocked.
• The half cock notch: Cock the hammer. Then holding the hammer, press the
trigger, and release the hammer slowly. It should stop in the half cock position.
• The disconnector: check by cocking the hammer, and then open the slide,
approximately 1/16”. Press the trigger. The hammer should remain cocked.

On a revolver check the following:

• While pointing the firearm in a “safe” direction, open the cylinder and verify that
the firearm is not loaded.
• Close the cylinder.
• Pointing the firearm in a safe direction, pull the trigger and cycle through the
cylinder.
• Hammer bar or block: With the cylinder open, cock the hammer. Holding the
hammer, press the trigger and ease the hammer forward about 1/8”. Then release
the trigger, and ease the hammer down. The firing pin should not protrude
through the frame.
• Timing: The cylinder should not have excess rotation when the hammer is
cocked. The chamber should be held in the correct alignment to the barrel. Slowly
press the trigger double action, and just prior to the hammer falling, you should
detect the cylinder bolt locking into the recesses on the cylinder. When locked,
and the trigger fully pulled to the rear, there should be very little rotational
movement.
• Headspace: There should be very little fore and aft movement of the cylinder.

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Carrying a Firearm on the Range

The firearm is carried in a holster with the hammer down, magazine out, and no cartridge
in the chamber. The competitor is not allowed to take their firearm out of the holster
unless in a safety area or ordered to do so by a Range Officer on an active firing line. It
needs to be stressed that a properly fitted holster is one of the most effective safety
devices. Nothing can happen with the unloaded firearm while it is in the holster and the
competitor is not handling it.

Filling Magazines/Speed-loaders

The filling of magazines or speed-loaders can be done anywhere except in a designated

safety area. If you handle ammunition in the safety area it will result in a Match
Disqualification.

Use of the Firearm on the Line

Safety is absolutely essential in our sport and that is why it will be stressed throughout
this course.

The only time a firearm may be used in competition is when you are under the direct
supervision of a Range Officer and you have been given the instruction “Load and make
ready”. After loading and making ready, the firearm is placed back in the holster. Do not
un-holster again unless instructed by the Range Officer or you have asked permission to
do so. When the firearm is un-holstered, the muzzle must always remain pointing down
range when shooting, loading or unloading, during movement, during remedial action, or
when presenting the firearm for inspection to the Range Officer.

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Stance
The “Isosceles Stance” is one
of the most popular stances
that you will see used in
IPSC. The competitor starts
facing the target feet
shoulder width apart,
standing naturally erect. Both
hands grip the firearm and
are pushed straight out
towards the target. A slight
bend at each elbow may be
preferred if the competitor is
more comfortable and can
handle the recoil of the
firearm. The back, hips, and
feet of the competitor are
perpendicular to the target.
The competitor should be in
a straight line with the target,
without any indications of
twisting. To better handle the
recoil of the firearm, the
competitor can lean into the
firearm. This would put more
weight on the “balls” of your
feet. When engaging
multiple targets, the
competitor pivots at the hips,
keeping the eye-hand
relationship intact.

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The “Turret Stance” (Modified
Isosceles) is the other most
commonly used stance in our
sport. It is similar to the
Isosceles in that the competitor
stands facing directly at the
target. The feet are shoulder
width apart, with the weak side
foot being about 10 CM in
front of the strong foot. The
arms are outstretched equally
towards the target. The
positioning of the feet in this
stance gives the competitor
more strength to handle the
recoil of the firearm.

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Grip
The majority of IPSC competitions are freestyle, which allows the competitor to use a
two handed grip on the firearm. The strong hand will grip the firearm as high as possible.
The barrel, bones of the wrist, and
your forearm should be inline.
The three gripping fingers should
apply uniform pressure on the
front strap of the pistol. The
pressure applied by the three
fingers on the front strap should
be resisted by equal pressure from
the palm of the hand applied to
the backstrap. There should be no
lateral pressure applied to the
firearm. If the pressure applied is
not uniform, it can affect the
accuracy of your shooting.

If the competitor’s hands are large

enough, it is strongly recommend
that the thumb of the strong hand
rest on top of the safety. The
thumb should still remain straight.
The safety can then act as a type
of thumb rest. This technique will
give you better steering control of
the firearm. The supporting hand
wraps around the strong hand,
with the fingers wrapping over
the fingers, parallel to each other.

When shooting with a two handed

grip, the supporting hand applies
the pressure in the grip and the
strong hand applies less pressure
in order to maintain dexterity.
The grip on the pistol should be
tight enough to hold the firearm
securely but not so tight that it
causes the competitor’s hands to
shake.

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Trigger Finger
The pad of the finger should press the trigger, not by the tip
or at the first joint. The pad of the finger has the best
combination of sensitivity and strength and therefore gives
the best control over the trigger press. The trigger finger
should be placed on the center of the trigger face, both
vertically and horizontally.

The trigger must be pressed straight back, with the pressure

being uniform and uninterrupted until the shot goes off. If
pressure is applied in any other direction or is executed in
an abrupt manner, it can cause the firearm to come off
target.

Your trigger finger is the only safety that you can trust, as any other safety could break or
be worn, and fail to stop the firearm from firing. The trigger finger should never be inside
the trigger guard unless you are actively engaging a target. When the firearm comes off
target, the trigger finger should come out of the guard. This trigger finger discipline must
become completely reflexive.

Finding the Master Eye

Do you know which eye is your master, or dominant eye? A quick test that you can do to
find your master eye is:

• With both eyes open, point at an object and focus on the pointing finger.
• Now cover one eye.
• Still pointing, cover the other eye.

One eye will see the finger pointing at the

object. The other will see the finger jump to
the side. The eye that sees the finger stay still
is the master eye.

The right eye is usually dominant for right-

handed people. If you have a dominant eye
that is different from your strong-hand, you
will need to turn your head slightly in order
to see the front sight correctly from your
shooting stance.

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Sight Picture
In order for the bullet to hit the center of the
target, the competitor must aim the pistol and
give the barrel a definite direction relative to
the target. In theory, accurate aiming is
achieved when the competitor places in exact
alignment, the rear sight with the top and
sides of the front sight, and holds them in
alignment in the aiming area.

When aiming, the front sight is positioned

in the middle of the rear sight notch with an
equal light space on each side. The
horizontal top surface of the front sight is on
the same level as the top horizontal surface
of the rear sight notch

Point of Focus
Correct sight alignment must be thoroughly
understood and practiced. It is imperative to
maintain “front sight” point of focus
throughout the sighting and aiming of the
pistol. The shooter must concentrate on
maintaining the correct relationship between
front and rear sight, and the point of focus
must be on the front sight during the short
period required to deliver the shot. When
your focus is limited to front sight only, it
renders the sights distinct and target
indistinct.

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Flash Sight Picture

To know the sights are aligned properly, you must focus on the front sight to confirm it’s
alignment with the rear sight. This means that you will start focusing on the target and
then you will have to bring your focus back to the front sight. Once you have learned how
to focus on the front sight, you will learn how to reduce the time required to complete this
action. This is a key element to be effective in our sport. By minimizing the time required
to take a sight picture, you will improve your performance. This technique is called a
“Flash Sight Picture”.

Compressed Surprise Break

You can press the trigger over a long period of time, say three to five seconds and each
time the firearm fires it should be a surprise. You will be taught techniques to reduce this
time, and shoot progressively quicker. Trigger control needs to become reflexive. When
you have established the proper sight picture, the shot should be fired. What you are
trying to accomplish is termed a “Compressed Surprise Break”.

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Range Commands and Procedures

The approved range commands and their sequence are as follows:

• “Load and make ready” (Make Ready for starts with an unloaded firearm)
• “Are you ready?”
• “Stand by”
• “Start signal”
• “Stop”
• “If you are finished, unload and show clear”
• “If clear, hammer down, holster”
• “Range is clear”

These range commands are spoken in English worldwide in IPSC competitions. They are
the only range commands allowed to be used in sanctioned competitions.

You may only un-holster your firearm when the “Load and make ready” command has
been given by a Ranger Officer. If you un-holster your firearm before this command is
given, you will be disqualified from the competition.

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Load and Make Ready

• On the command “load and make ready” the

competitor un-holsters the firearm.

• Points the firearm down range with the “trigger

finger outside” of the trigger guard.

• Inserts a full
magazine.

• Grasps the slide and with a push/pull works the

slide so that a cartridge is stripped off the
magazine and inserted into the chamber.

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• Applies the safety.

• Removes the magazine and inserts a full

magazine.

• Holsters the firearm.

• The competitor now has a firearm in the holster

that has the safety on and is loaded to full
capacity.

• At all times during this procedure, the firearm should be pointed down range in a
designated safe direction.

• At all times the trigger finger is outside of the trigger guard.

• The firearm and all magazines should always be loaded to full capacity.

The double action firearm is loaded using the same sequence outlined above. When
loading, remember that on most double action pistols, when the safety is activated, it will
drop the hammer. The hammer drop safety is safe but can be unnerving to some
individuals.

With a revolver, to “load and make ready”, you draw the firearm, open the cylinder, load
the chambers with cartridges, close the cylinder and then re-holster.

Are you ready?

After loading and assuming the start position, the Ranger Officer will ask “ Are you
ready?” If you are ready you do not have to respond to this question. If you are not ready,
indicate by saying, “not ready” in a loud clear voice.

Stand By

“Stand by” is the signal to the competitor that the start signal will be forthcoming.

Start Signal

This signal may be a beep from the timer, the appearance of a target, or some other form
of visible signal. Alternately you may have to start yourself by releasing or pressing an
activator.

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If you are finished, unload and show clear

When you are finished a course of fire, the

Range Office will ask; “If you are
finished, unload and show clear”. At this
time you will have your finger outside of
the trigger guard. Now you unload the
firearm by releasing the magazine while
keeping the firearm pointed safely down
range.

Next you will clear the live cartridge out

of the chamber by racking the slide. Note:
It is strongly recommended to not cover
the ejection port with your hand while you
are racking the slide. If a cartridge were to
go off, you could be injured. Grasp the
rear of the slide when racking the slide.

If possible, lock the slide open. While

keeping the firearm pointed in a safe
direction, present the firearm to the Range
Officer for inspection.

This is the same procedure for the

unloading and showing clear of a double
action, semi automatic firearm.

The procedure for a revolver will be to

open the cylinder and dump out the
cartridges. With the cylinder open and the
muzzle pointing down range in a safe
direction, present the pistol for inspection.

If clear, hammer down, holster

This is the command that is issued after the Ranger Officer inspects the firearm, making
sure that it is unloaded. The competitor then will close the action of the firearm, point the
firearm in a safe direction and pull the trigger, causing the hammer to drop on what
should be an empty chamber. This will insure that there is no possibility that the firearm
will be holstered with a live cartridge in the chamber. If for some reason a cartridge was
overlooked and was in the chamber of the firearm, it would be discharged safely down

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range. Note: The competitor is ultimately responsible for making sure that the
firearm is unloaded.

Range is clear

When the Range Officer issues the command “Range is clear”, it is safe for all
individuals to proceed down range.

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Drawing from the Holster

When drawing, the competitor should always try to be
standing erect, and allow as little body motion as
possible. Only the hands and arms should be moving, and
the head should remain in an upright position. Practice
these movements slowly. You should strive for economy
of motion. As you become more proficient, natural speed
will develop.

• Simultaneously the competitor’s weak hand

moves to his/her chest. The strong hand grasps
the butt of the firearm.
• You should be using the techniques as described
in the Grip section of this manual.
• Establishing a proper grip is the most crucial
element of the draw. Make sure that you have
established a proper grip on the firearm before
removing it from the holster.
• The trigger finger is straight along the side of the
holster.

• Lift the firearm out of the holster and bring it up

to chest level.
• Your weak hand should grip your strong hand.
• Your trigger finger should remain outside of the
trigger guard.

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• With both hands on the firearm it should be
brought up to eye level.
• Your trigger finger should remain outside of the
trigger guard.

• As the firearm is punched towards the target, the

trigger finger moves inside the trigger guard.
• If your firearm has a manual safety, this is the
time to turn it off, making your firearm ready to
fire.
• You begin establishing a sight picture as the
firearm moves forward.

• When your arms have moved to full extension,

you should have established your sight picture.
• Press the trigger until the firearm discharges.

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Loading, Reloading or Unloading

When loading, reloading or unloading during a course of fire, the competitor's fingers
must be visibly outside the trigger guard except where specifically permitted and the
firearm must be pointed safely down range or in another safe direction authorized by a
Range Officer.

Reloading (Stationary)
During the course of fire, you may be required to engage so many targets that it will be
necessary to reload your firearm. When you are reloading, it is to your advantage to be
moving, if necessary, to the next shooting position. This will save time, which will result
in improving your overall score. The following technique can be used for a stationary
reload or while on the move.

• Start with the firearm up on target as if you were

going to engage it.

• Simultaneously:
o Release your grip on the firearm with weak
hand.
o Move trigger finger outside of the trigger
guard.
o Press the magazine release with your strong
hand thumb.
o Your weak hand is moving to the first
magazine pouch on your belt.

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• The weak hand grips the magazine with the

thumb and three gripping fingers wrapping
around the body of the magazine. The index
finger stays straight along the spine of the
magazine.

• Keep the firearm at eye level and canted so that

you can see the magwell opening. This creates a
natural angle for the new magazine to follow
straight up into the magwell.
• Your weak hand, with the magazine, is moving
toward the magwell opening.

• Insert the magazine into the magwell opening.

• Press the magazine firmly into the firearm.

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• Your weak hand moves immediately to the butt of

the firearm to re-establish a proper grip.
• Your arms begin to extend the firearm towards the
target.
• Your trigger finger can now move inside the
trigger guard.

• When your arms are at full extension and you

have the correct sight picture, squeeze the trigger.

• NOTE: Your trigger finger cannot be inside of

the trigger guard at any time during the reload
procedure. The firearm must be pointed in a
safe direction at all times.

• When grasping a magazine for reloading, the index finger stays straight along the
spine of the magazine. This will assist you in guiding the magazine into the
magwell.

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Reloading (on the move)

• When reloading on the move you need to ensure that your trigger finger is outside
of the trigger guard and that the firearm is pointed in a safe direction.
• Initially when you start practicing this technique, take your time. Do not rush.
Once you are familiar with this technique, natural speed will develop.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6

Figure 7 Figure 8
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Reloading (on the move) Front View

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6

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Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9

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Strong Hand
It may be necessary to shoot using only your strong
hand. When you practice this you will begin in the same
manner as you would for freestyle using your normal
stance.

• Grasp the firearm as you normally would for a

freestyle draw.

• As the firearm is lifted out of the holster, the

weak hand is brought close to your body.

• The firearm should be brought up to eye level.

• Your trigger finger should remain outside of the
trigger guard.

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• As the firearm is punched towards the
target, the trigger finger moves inside the
trigger guard.
• If your firearm has a manual safety, this is
the time to turn it off, making your firearm
ready to fire.
• You begin establishing a sight picture as
the firearm moves forward.

• When your arms have moved to full

extension, you should have established
your sight picture.
• Press the trigger until the firearm
discharges.

• Left side view.

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Weak Hand
It may be necessary to shoot using only your weak hand. When you practice this you will
begin in the same manner as you would for freestyle using your normal stance.

How you disengage the safety on your firearm will be dependent on whether or not it has
an ambidextrous safety. If your firearm is equipped with an ambidextrous safety, it is
strongly recommended that you leave the safety on while you are transferring the firearm
to your weak hand. The weak hand then would disengage the safety when the firearm is
being pointed at a target. If there is no ambidextrous safety then you should draw and
disengage the safety as you normally would. Be careful when you do the transfer and
make sure that you keep your trigger finger outside of the trigger guard.

• One method is to grasp the

firearm lower on the butt of the
firearm. This will leave a space
under the beavertail for your
weak hand to grasp the firearm.

• The firearm should be brought up

to chest level.
• Your trigger finger should remain
outside of the trigger guard.

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• At the point where you would

normally join your hands, begin to
transfer the firearm to the open weak
hand.

• Once your weak hand thumb and

fingers have wrapped around the butt
of the firearm, you can release your
strong hand.

• Your arm begins to extend the firearm

forward towards the target.
• Your trigger finger can now move
inside the trigger guard.
• You can now disengage your safety if
you have not already done so.

• It is important to lean into the recoil

and keep your strong hand tucked
close to your body.

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Reload With Weak Hand Transfer

It may be necessary to engage targets using only your weak hand after a reload. When
you practice this you will begin in the same manner as you would for freestyle using your
normal stance.

• Start with the firearm up on target as if you

were going to engage it.

• Simultaneously:
o Release your grip on the firearm
with weak hand.
o Move trigger finger outside of the
trigger guard.
o Press the magazine release with your
strong hand thumb.
o Your weak hand is moving to the
magazine pouch on your belt.

• Keep the firearm at eye level and canted so

that you can see the magwell opening. This
creates a natural angle for the new magazine
to follow straight up into the magwell.
• Your weak hand, with the magazine, is
moving toward the magwell opening.

• Insert the magazine in to the magwell

opening.

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• Press the magazine firmly into the firearm.

• At the point where you would normally

join your hands, begin to transfer the
firearm to the open weak hand. (This is
now the same as if you were transferring
without an ambidextrous safety.)

• Once your weak hand thumb and fingers

have wrapped around the butt of the
firearm, you can release your strong hand.

• Your arm begins to extend the firearm

forward towards the target.
• Your trigger finger can now move inside
the trigger guard.

• It is important to lean into the recoil and

keep your strong hand tucked close to your
body.

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Reload and Weak Hand Transfer (Left Side View)

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6

Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9

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Movement With A Firearm During A COF

NOTE: During movement, if you are not
engaging a target, you must keep your
trigger finger outside of the trigger
guard.

The best position for the trigger finger

during movement is to have it anchored
alongside of the frame. This allows the
competitor to maintain better control of
the firearm and a more reliable control of
the muzzle direction. Another advantage
of this technique is that the trigger finger
can be clearly seen outside of the trigger
guard.

It is recommended that you engage the

safety during movement.

The firearm should be held at the ready position as shown while moving. By keeping the
firearm at the ready position it will save you time when you engage your next target.

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There is a trend in IPSC events to have more rearward movement in the courses of fire.
Several techniques can be used to move through this type stage safely. Here is an
example of one such technique:

Figure 1 Figure 2

Figure 3 Figure 4

Figure 5 Figure 6

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Figure 7 Figure 8
The following is another example:

Figure 1 Figure 2

Figure 3 Figure 4
You will note in both examples, the firearm was pointed down range at all times.

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Kneeling
It is important when practicing shooting from a kneeling position to draw the firearm
before kneeling and to keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction. Your finger should be
outside of the trigger guard while you are getting in position. There are several different
techniques that can be used to shoot kneeling. The most common one that you will see is
the following:

• From your stance, drop down on your strong

knee.
• Note that the trigger finger is outside of the
guard.

• The back, hips, and front foot of the

competitor are perpendicular to the target.
You should not be twisted.
• To handle the recoil of the firearm, the
competitor can lean into the firearm.

• This stance is very similar to the Isosceles or turret stance that was discussed
earlier in this manual. The upper half of your body will have the same positioning.
• One of the advantages to going down on only one knee is that if you are required
to move to another area to engage targets, you will be able to quickly move to a
new position.

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Prone
NOTE: Make sure that the firearm is always pointed in a safe direction down range
and that your finger is outside of the trigger guard when you are getting into the
prone position.

There are two prone positions commonly employed in IPSC. They are the Chapman
rollover and the military prone positions.

To use the rollover prone position, you need to draw your firearm and bring the weak
foot forward, keeping the strong foot in position. As you step forward, you bend your
knees until the strong knee comes into contact with the ground. With the firearm in your
strong hand and in front of your body, lower yourself down and forward using your weak
hand to break your fall as though you were doing a one handed push-up. As you fall to
the ground, push your strong hand straight out in front so that when you land, you are on
your strong side. The fall should not be broken by dropping onto your strong elbow.

As you drop onto your side, hook the weak foot instep into the back of your strong knee
and using it as a lever, you can prop yourself up on your strong side. This will allow you
to breath easier as you will not be laying flat on your diaphragm. The weak hand now
joins the strong hand and the head comes to rest on the bicep of the strong arm. You are
now in position to shoot once the safety is taken off.

An alternative to hooking the weak foot over the knee is to leave the foot in position
where you stepped forward when you were standing. Simply leave the weak knee bent
and you can still use its leverage to roll yourself onto your side.

To get into the military prone position, you draw the firearm into the strong hand as you
step forward with the weak foot,
then bend at the waist until you
touch the ground with your weak
hand. Then punch the firearm
forward in front of you and kick
your legs out straight behind you.
Spread your legs as you kick back
and use your toes to land on, your
body prone, as if doing a one
handed push-up. Drop straight
onto your stomach and bring the
weak hand up to form your grip
on the firearm. Take the safety off
and you are ready to shoot.

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Barricade Shooting
Barricade shooting can be greatly simplified if the
competitor takes the attitude that there is no barricade.
The firearm should not touch any part of the barricade. If
you allow the slide or the cylinder to come into contact
with the barricade, it can cause your firearm to
malfunction.

Stand as straight and in balance as you would if there

were no barricade in front of you. If you are going around
the right side of the barricade, bend your right knee and
follow the firearm around the barricade onto the target.

If you need to go around the left side of the barricade,

bend your left knee and follow the firearm around the
barricade onto the target.

Keep back so you are not crowding the barricade.

If it is necessary to lean on the barricade in order to be

able to see a target, make sure that the barricade can
support your weight. You can check this when you have
your walkthrough on the stage.

Barricade shooting is all about smoothness and balance.

You want to avoid getting yourself into an awkward
position because this can impact how well you are able to
engage the targets.

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Turns
When practicing turns, you must always be
conscious of your muzzle direction as you draw the
firearm from the holster. Always make sure that
you are facing down range when the firearm is
drawn. Keeping the strong leg as the pivot point will
allow the competitor to keep the hand/firearm
relationship the same as what was practiced earlier
in this manual for the draw.

When you turn, always plan your turn so that your

stance is properly completed as you come up on the
first target.

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90-Degree Turn To Weak Side

This is done in the following sequence:

• Look in the direction of the target.

• Step back with your weak foot and pivot on the strong foot to move into your
stance.
• Simultaneously, the competitor’s weak hand moves to his/her chest and the strong
hand grasps the butt of the firearm.
• Establishing a proper grip is the most crucial element of the draw. Make sure that
you have established a proper grip on the firearm before removing it from the
holster.
• The trigger finger is straight along the side of the holster.
• Lift the firearm out of the holster and bring it up to chest level.
• Your weak hand should grip your strong hand.
• Your trigger finger should remain outside of the trigger guard.
• With both hands on the firearm, it should be brought up to eye level.
• Your trigger finger should remain outside of the trigger guard.
• As the firearm is punched towards the target, the trigger finger moves inside the
trigger guard.
• If your firearm, has a manual safety, this is the time to turn it off, making your
firearm ready to fire.
• You begin establishing a sight picture as the firearm moves forward. When your
arms have moved to full extension, you should have established your sight
picture.
• Press the trigger until the firearm discharges.

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90-Degree Turn To Strong Side

This is done in the following sequence:

• Look in the direction of the target.

• Push off with your weak foot and pivot on the strong foot to move into your
stance.
• Simultaneously, the competitor’s weak hand moves to his/her chest and the strong
hand grasps the butt of the firearm.
• Establishing a proper grip is the most crucial element of the draw. Make sure that
you have established a proper grip on the firearm before removing it from the
holster.
• The trigger finger is straight along the side of the holster.
• Lift the firearm out of the holster and bring it up to chest level.
• Your weak hand should grip your strong hand.
• Your trigger finger should remain outside of the trigger guard.
• With both hands on the firearm it should be brought up to eye level.
• Your trigger finger should remain outside of the trigger guard.
• As the firearm is punched towards the target, the trigger finger moves inside the
trigger guard.
• If your firearm, has a manual safety, this is the time to turn it off, making your
firearm ready to fire.
• You begin establishing a sight picture as the firearm moves forward. When your
arms have moved to full extension, you should have established your sight
picture.
• Press the trigger until the firearm discharges.

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180-Degree Turn

Essentially, 180-degree turns are no different then 90 degree turns. The most important
thing that you need to remember is that you need to make sure that you have turned down
range before drawing the firearm.

This is done in the following sequence:

• Push off with your weak foot hard enough to complete the turn while pivoting on
the strong foot, ending in your shooting stance.
• Simultaneously, the competitor’s weak hand moves to his/her chest and the strong
hand grasps the butt of the firearm.
• Establishing a proper grip is the most crucial element of the draw. Make sure that
you have established a proper grip on the firearm before removing it from the
holster.
• The trigger finger is straight along the side of the holster.
• Lift the firearm out of the holster and bring it up to chest level.
• Your weak hand should grip your strong hand.
• Your trigger finger should remain outside of the trigger guard.
• With both hands on the firearm it should be brought up to eye level.
• Your trigger finger should remain outside of the trigger guard.
• As the firearm, is punched towards the target, the trigger finger moves inside the
trigger guard.
• If your firearm, has a manual safety, this is the time to turn it off, making your
firearm ready to fire.
• You begin establishing a sight picture as the firearm moves forward. When your
arms have moved to full extension, you should have established your sight
picture.
• Press the trigger until the firearm discharges.

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Malfunctions

Malfunctions can and do occur from time to time while shooting. Make sure that you take
the necessary time to properly prepare your ammo and firearm, and it will greatly reduce
your chances of experiencing malfunctions.

If a competitor's firearm malfunctions after the start signal, the competitor may safely
attempt to correct the problem and continue the course of fire. During such corrective
action, the competitor must keep the muzzle of the firearm pointing safely downrange at
all times. The competitor must not use rods or other tools to verify or correct the
malfunction.

There are three common malfunctions that occur to a pistol and they are:

1. Failure to feed.
2. Stove-pipe jam
3. Double feed.

Knowing how to clear them quickly will allow the competitor to continue shooting the
exercise. It is strongly recommend that you keep your trigger finger outside of the trigger
guard when you are clearing any malfunction.

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Failure to feed

Failure to feed is commonly caused by not inserting a magazine properly into the firearm.
The competitor attempts to fire a second shot, the only thing that occurs when the trigger
is pressed is that the hammer falls and makes a click. With the magazine not seated
properly, the slide has failed to pick up the next round out of the magazine.

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The following method is used to resolve this
problem:

• Move your trigger finger outside of the

trigger guard.
• Release your weak hand from the firearm

• Push the magazine back into the firearm

with your weak hand.

• Pull the slide back.

• Your weak hand reacquires its grip

on the firearm.

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• You begin to reacquire the target.
• Your trigger finger moves to the
trigger.

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Stove Pipe

The competitor will see an empty case sticking in

the way of the sight picture.

The following method is used to resolve this

problem:

• Remove your trigger finger from within

the trigger guard.
• Release your weak hand grip from the
firearm.

• To clear the stovepipe, the weak hand

sweeps over the top of the slide.

• Note: This almost always feeds the next

round from the magazine. If the next
round has not been picked up from the
magazine, you may be required to rack the
slide.

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Double Feed

A double feed can be observed when two cartridges competing for equal space in the
breech.

To clear a double feed, the following method is used:

• Lock the slide back.

• Drop the magazine.
• Work the slide to get rid of the cartridge or cartridges causing the malfunction.
• Insert a fully loaded magazine.
• Work the slide to strip a cartridge off of the magazine.

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First Match, What to Expect

Nervous about your first "public performance?" Most people are! Relax and enjoy it!
This sport is fun! Moreover, everyone you meet had a first match too; we've all been
there. The competitors and Range Officers that you will meet at competitions are friendly
and helpful with new shooters. We all enjoy IPSC, and want to get you started right.
Matches are just as much social gatherings as shooting contests.

If this is your very first match, please walk. Don’t run! Forget about speed at this time!
Walk through the match - it's the smart move. You will see competitors who move and
shoot very fast. They have been doing this for years. Don't try to imitate them. Do not
expect to become a Grand Master on your first match. Such persons have years and
thousands of rounds behind them. The only person to beat is you. Speed will come with
practice and experience. To be good at this sport, you have to pay your dues, learn the
fundamentals, and be able to apply them on demand. Think safe and smooth. Concentrate
on getting all "A" hits. Think about what you are doing at all times. If you have questions
ask an experienced competitor or Ranger Officer. People in our sport are always willing
to help another competitor especially if they are new to our game.

Practical Shooting is very much a mental game. Concentrate on learning safe gun
handling practices - speed will come with practice and experience. Finally, concentrate
on controlling your gun. Always pay attention to your muzzle direction and to where
your trigger finger is!

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Your First Match Needs

When you come to your first Match, you will need to bring a minimum contingent of
equipment. Don’t go overboard initially. Your first match equipment should include:

• Firearm.
• Holster.
• Magazine/speedloader pouches.
o Minimum of four magazines or speedloaders.
• At least 200 rounds of ammunition.
• Eye and Ear protection
• Clothing, that is suitable for the season.
• Knee and/or Elbow pads
• Water and food.

You also need information about the event you want to participate in. If possible try to
obtain a match copy. A match copy will provide you with start times, location, round
count, etc. For many IPSC events, advanced registration is required.

Always try to arrive early at the range on match day. The extra time will give you an
opportunity to walk around the range and examine the stages before the match begins;
and make some new shooting friends, too.

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Range Etiquette

When attending an IPSC competition

you should expect to spend the whole
day at the event. If the event finishes
early, that is a bonus. By planning to
be there for the day there will be no
need to rush. IPSC events are hosted
by volunteers and they will be
expecting everyone to assist them to
make the event a success and run in a
timely fashion.

Since you are new, you are probably

wondering what you can do to help?
Ask the Range Officer on the stage
what you can do to assist them. Help
is always required for brass picking, patching targets, setting steel, etc. It is always a
good idea to let the Ranger Officer know that this is your first match. If you have a
question or are unsure as to what to do, then ask the Range Officer. Only go on to the
stage once the Ranger Officer has given the “Range is Clear” command. Do not touch a
target until it has been scored, and stay out of way of the competitor who is preparing to
shoot the stage. That is their time to prepare, please respect it.

Registration

When you arrive at the range, proceed to the registration area, and sign in for the match.
Smaller events typically uses self-squading – grouping shooters together – and you stay
with that squad as you move from one course of fire to another for the entire match. If
you plan to shoot with someone that you know, then try to sign-in at the same time. If
you do not know anyone at the match, then mention this to the person coordinating the
sign-in, and he will recommend a shooter who can guide you through your first match.

If advance registration is required, then the scheduling is normally already done when
you arrive at the event. Changes to a published schedule are normally not done. When
submitting your match entry, make a note on it that you are a new shooter, and the match
directors will squad with a group of competitors that can assist you.

Most clubs, officials and competitors go out of there way to accommodate new shooters,
so do not be afraid to ask for help. Everyone is there to assist you, and wants your first
match to be safe and fun.

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Score Sheets

Once you have signed-in, you will receive a score sheet that contains scoring information
for each course of fire. Complete your name, competitor number, division, and other
pertinent details on the score sheet. The score sheet is collected at the end of the match,
and someone will key the information into a scoring program WinMSS that generates the
results.

Squads

There is usually a squad on one stage at a time,

and each squad holds a similar number of
shooters. For example, if there are 48 shooters
signed-in for the match, there will be 6 squads
that consist of 8 shooters per squad. The ideal
number of people on a squad is eight to ten, but
there can be as many as 12 competitors. You
will be assigned to a squad, and you are required
to stay with this group throughout the whole
match.

Schedules

All IPSC events are exercises in time management, and it is not just while you are
shooting. The match directors work out timeframes in order to run the match efficiently.
It is important that you show up on time, and that your squad completes the stage within
the time allotted to them.

Always stay with your squad and follow the published schedule. If you do not, and your
squad shoots stages out of order it will cause problems for everyone.

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Walk-Through

You arrive at the stage, with your squad, and the

officials on that stage will give you a “walk-
through”. A walk-through is written stage
briefing, and is available on every stage during
the match so you can read it at any time to make
sure you understand the process. Once the walk-
through is read and all questions have been
answered, the squad has three to five minutes to
analyze the stage. This is your opportunity to
look at all the different angles and positions in
which to shoot that particular stage. You are
allowed to walk around the course of fire to see
where the targets are placed.

During this time the range officers will collect your squads score sheets and setup a
shooting order.

What happens on the stage…

Once the walk-through is completed, then it is time to start shooting the stage. There is a
Range Officer (RO), Chief Range Officer (CRO), and a Scorekeeper at each stage. The
RO runs the timer, the CRO oversees the stage and the scorekeeper scores and calls the
shooting order of the competitors.

The Scorekeeper calls out the name of the first, second, and third shooter. The first
shooter is called the “shooter,” the second shooter is “on deck,” and the third shooter is
“in the hole.”

When it is your turn to shoot the stage, remember your training. Be safe, and most
importantly do not try to set any speed records. Focus on safety and hitting the targets.

Scoring the stage

Congratulations!! You have just completed your first stage. After shooting the course of
fire, follow the scorekeeper and the RO as they score your targets. The RO calls out the
hits, misses, no-shoots and the procedural errors that you earned shooting the stage. The
scorekeeper notes the data on your score sheet and totals all the hits, misses, no-shoots,
etc.

Once the Scorekeeper has completed the score sheet, you will be asked to review the
document. If you have any questions, or want clarification on anything, then asked
before you sign off on the document. A score sheet signed by both a competitor and a

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Range Officer is conclusive evidence that the course of fire has been completed, and that
the time, scores and penalties recorded on the score sheet, are accurate and uncontested.

The signed score sheet is deemed to be a definitive document and, with the exception of
the mutual consent of the competitor and the signatory Range Officer, or due to an
arbitration decision, the score sheet will only be changed to correct arithmetical errors or
to add procedural penalties under Rule 8.6.2.

What next?

Now is the time to prepare for your next stage; clean your magazine, load them, and get
your gear ready. Once you have prepared everything for the next stage, you will need to
help your squad and the officials tape targets, pick up brass, etc. Helping to tape and
brass keeps the squads moving and prevents delays in the match. Alternatively, you may
want to follow the Scorekeeper around to see how the score sheet is completed. After a
few matches, you can perform this duty yourself.

End of the Match……

At the end of the match, proceed to a Safe Area, and put your gun in your shooting bag,
and remove the rest of your gear and place it in your bag. The stages are dismantled, and
all the props are put away. Please help tear down the match. If everyone does a little then
no one has to do a lot. While tear down is occurring, someone is entering the scores into
the computer to calculate the final positions of every competitor. Results are normally
made available within the hour.

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Scoring
"Comstock" – Unlimited time, stops on the last shot, unlimited number of shots to be
fired, stipulated number of hits per target to count for score.

A competitor's score is calculated by adding the highest value stipulated number of hits
per target, minus penalties, divided by the total time (recorded to two decimal places)
taken by the competitor to complete the course of fire, to arrive at a “hit factor”. The
overall stage results are factored by awarding the competitor with the highest hit factor
the maximum points available for the course of fire, with all other competitors ranked
relatively below the stage winner.

Scoring and Penalty Values

• Hits on IPSC targets and no shoots will be scored in accordance with the values
approved by the IPSC Assembly (Please refer to your rulebook).
• Each hit visible on the scoring area of a paper no-shoot will be penalized minus
10 points, up to a maximum of 2 hits per no-shoot.
• Each hit visible on the scoring area of a metal no-shoot will be penalized minus
10 points, up to a maximum of 2 hits per no-shoot, regardless of whether or not it
is designed to fall.
• Each miss will be penalized minus 10 points, except in the case of disappearing
targets (see Rule 9.9.2).

Example of how to calculate hit factor for a 100 point stage:

Competitor I Competitor II Competitor III

Points Scored 100 100 70
Penalties 0 20 0
Time 20 seconds 18 seconds 12 seconds
Formula (100-0)/20 (100-20)/18 (70-0)/12

Hit Factor 5.0000 4.4444 5.8333

The winner of the stage would be competitor III with the hit factor of 5.83.

Hit Stage Stage

Points Time Factor Points Percent
Competitor III 70 12.00 5.8333 100.0000 100.00%

Competitor I 100 20.00 5.000 92.9368 92.94%

Competitor II 80 18.00 4.444 82.6104 82.61%

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Scoring Policy
• Unless otherwise specified in the written stage briefing, scoring paper targets
must be shot with a minimum of one round each, with the best two hits to score.
Scoring metal targets must be shot with a minimum of one round each and must
fall to score.
• If the bullet diameter of a hit on a scoring target touches the scoring line between
two scoring areas, or the line between the non-scoring border and a scoring area,
or if it crosses multiple scoring areas, it will be scored the higher value.
• If a bullet diameter touches the scoring area of overlapping scoring targets and/or
no-shoots, it will earn all applicable scores and penalties.
• Radial tears radiating outwards from the diameter of a bullet hole will not count
for score or penalty.
o Enlarged holes in paper targets which exceed the competitor's bullet
diameter will not count for score or penalty unless there is visible evidence
within the remnants of the hole (e.g. a grease mark, striations or a "crown"
etc.), to eliminate a presumption that the hole was caused by a ricochet or
splatter.
• The minimum score for a stage will be zero.
• A competitor who fails to shoot at the front of each scoring target in a course of
fire with at least one round will incur one procedural penalty per target for failure
to engage the target, as well as appropriate penalties for misses (see Rule 10.2.7).
• Hits visible on a scoring paper target or no-shoot, which are the result of shots
fired through the rear of that or another scoring paper target or no-shoot, and/or
hits which fail to create a clearly distinguishable hole through the front of a
scoring paper target or no-shoot, will not count for score or penalty, as the case
may be.
• Moving targets which present at least a portion of the highest scoring area when at
rest (either before or after initial activation), or which continuously appear and
disappear for the duration of a competitor’s attempt at a COF, are not
disappearing and will always incur failure to engage and/or miss penalties.
• Moving targets, which do not comply with the above criteria, are disappearing
and will not incur failure to engage or miss penalties unless a competitor fails to
activate the mechanism which initiates the target movement before firing the last
shot for that course of fire.
• Stationary targets which present at least a portion of the highest scoring area,
either before or after activation of a moving and/or concealing no-shoot or vision
barrier, are not disappearing and will incur failure to engage and/or miss penalties.
• Targets which present at least a portion of the highest scoring zone each time a
competitor operates a mechanical activator (e.g. a rope, lever, pedal, flap, door
etc.), are not subject to this section.

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Score Sheets
A score sheet is one of the most important documents at an IPSC event. A score sheet
signed by both the competitor and a Range Officer is conclusive evidence that the course
of fire has been completed, and that the time, scores, and penalties recorded are accurate
and uncontested. The signed score sheet is deemed as a definitive document. It is
extremely important as a competitor that you make sure that a score sheet is filled out
properly. Both the competitor and scorekeeper sign it at the end of the stage. When you
verify a score sheet you should check for the following:

Competitor & Stage

numbers written on
the score sheet? Competitor #: 22 Stage #: 1

Name Joe Schmoo

Points Penalties
A B C D Miss P/T Proc Comments

Steel
6
T1
2
Are the numbers T2
2

readable? T3
2
T4
1 1
T5
1 1
T6
2
T7
2
T8
1 1
T9
1 1
T10
Are the totals T11
1 1

correct? T12
1 1

2
T13
2
T14

T15

T16
9:30 AM
Time of Day
A B C D Miss P/T Proc

Have all rounds Total

24 3 4 1 J. Schmoo
RO's Signature
been accounted for?
32 32.56 H.A. Goodday
Total Rounds Time Competitor's Signature

Has the right time

been recorded? Have you signed
your scorecard?

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Course Of Fire (COF) Information

Obtaining a match copy can provide you with important information as to what you will
have to do on competition day. Here is a sample copy of what a typical COF will look
like:

Start
Position

Procedure that
the competitor
has to do to
complete the
COF

COF layout
and position of
targets
Distances

Additional COF
information

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QUALIFICATION CHECKLIST
First Name: Last Name:

Address

City: Province: Zip Code:

Telephone: Email:

Static Exercises Check if exercise is completed successfully

1 Load and Unload
2 Draw, 1 shot, 6 times, 10 meters
3 Draw, 1 shot, 6 times, 15 meters
4 Draw, 1 shot, 6 times, 10 meters, 3.0 seconds
5 Draw, 1 shot, 6 times, 15 meters, 4.0 seconds
6 Draw, 2 shots, 6 times, 7 meters, 4.0 seconds
7 Draw, 2 shots, 6 times, 15 meters, 5.0 seconds
8 Draw, 2 shots, reload, 2 shots, 3 times, 7 meters 8.0 seconds
9 Draw, 2 shots, reload, 2 shots, 2 targets, 3 times, 10 meters, 9.0 seconds
10 Draw, 2 shots, reload, 2 shots, 2 targets, 3 times, 15 meters 10.0 seconds
11 Strong hand, draw, 2 shots, 4 times, 10 meters, 5.0 seconds
12 Weak hand, draw, transfer to weak hand, 2 shots, 3 times, 10 meters, 6.0 seconds
Movement Exercises
13 Turn, draw, 2+2+2 shots, reload, 2+2+2 shots, 3 targets, 10 meters
14 Draw, move forward, 2+2+2, 3 targets, 6 - 12 meters
15 Draw, move laterally right, 2+2+2, 3 targets, 6 meters
16 Draw, move backwards, 2+2+2, 3 targets, 6 -12 meters
17 Draw, move laterally left, 2+2+2, 3 targets, 12 meters
18 Draw, 2 shots, move forward & reload, 2 shots, 2 targets, 6 - 12 meters
19 Draw, 2 shots, move laterally right & reload, 2 shots, 2 targets, 6 meters
20 Draw, 2 shots, move laterally left & reload, 2 shots, 2 targets, 6 meters
21 Draw, 2 shots, move backwards & reload, 2 shots, 2 targets, 6 – 12 meters
22 Kneeling, draw & kneel, 1 shot, 6 times, 25 meters
23 Prone, draw and prone, 1 shot, 6 times, 25 meters
24 Barricade, right side, draw, 6 shots, repeat 6 shots on left side, 15 meters
Open Book Exam Mark

Instructor Completes Approved:

Please print

Date: Signature:

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