APUSH Midterm Review

Western Expansion

Manifest Destiny- the belief that America had the ‘’God-given’’ right to expand from sea
to sea.

Western Expansion-

Annexation of Texas- Us did not want Texas to be a part of it because it would disrupt
the balance between slave & free states, but Pres. James Polk an expansionist decide to make
of Texas part of the US.

Oregon-54 40 or fight- US had an agreement with UK about Oregon that they would
share it but the US wanted the entire territory and fight UK for it. 54 40 or fight was the slogan
to encourage people to fight but the US and UK end up splitting the territory in half one par
for Us and the other part for UK.

President Polk and the Causes of the Mexican- President Polk is is all about the
expansion and Santa Trope in Texas to mess up with the Mexican can then at the Mexican
responded and President Polk go to Congress saying We need to go to war because we have
been attacked. (Polk provoked the war)
Wilmot Proviso- ban slavery in any states acquired from the war.

Popular Sovereignty- the idea of letting the people decide if they want to be a free or a
slave state.

Free Soil Part-What did they believe and why? - the idea that slavery
threatens equal distribution, because slavery was bad for small white farmers.

Republican Party-What did they believe? - did not want the expansion of
slavery in the western

American Party (Know Nothing)-What did they believe? - anti-immigrants,

anti-Catholicism they were nativist.

California Gold Rush- Not a greater for the native Americans and the Mexicans
because of the arrival of the Americans push them further and take their lands to look for
gold

The Road to War

Compromise of 1850- 1. Organize the rest of the conquer the Mexican lens into the
territory of New Mexico and Utah where slavery is going to be popular sovereignty
(controversial to the Missouri compromise).
2. Mollifies the S a new and a stronger Fugitive Slave Act was
passed which gave a more power to the slave owners to hunt it down and find out their
escape slave and return them into slavery in the south very controversial enough do not
take a kindly congress stepping in soup there and telling them what to do.
3. To satisfy the N the legislation admitted the slavery as a free state.
4. Resolve a boundary dispute between New Mexico and Texas in favor of a New Mexico.
5.Abolished slave trade in Washington DC.

Fugitive Slave Act- required all citizens to assist in search and return of escape slaves.

Harriet Beecher Stowe-Uncle Tom’s Cabin- talk about the true reality of slavery,
increased sympathy for the abolition movement (became a bestseller)

Personal Liberty Law- right to jury trial for everyone including fugitive slaves: passed
by the Northern states in response to the Fugitive Slaves Act.

Kansas Nebraska Act - In Kansas and Nebraska slavery would be decided by Popular
Sovereignty, caused 1,000 of settlers rushed in Kansas lead to the Bleeding Kansa.

Bleeding Kansas- Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery forces are massing themselves in

Kansas. Brutal and bloody fight that foreshadows the Civil war.

Dred Scott Decision- Dred Scott a slave brought by is own in a free state, believe that
by living there he couldn’t legally be considerate as a slave. The case validated the opinion
that slaves are properties and have no legal rights. (Congress couldn’t restrict slavery).

Slave Power Conspiracy- Opposition said that the Kansas Nebraska act was a great
scheme for extending and perpetuating supremacy of slavery. Congress, the President
(Buchaman a pro-slavery) and the supreme court all working together to protect and defend
slavery.
Lincoln and Douglas debates- “House Divided Speech-

Douglas (Well-known politician unlike Lincoln at that Lincoln

time)
• Declare his support for white • Free slave should have equal
supremacy. economic opportunities but not equal
• Attacked Lincoln for supporting political right.
“negro equality” • The proslavery supreme court might
soon declare that constitution “does
not permit a state to exclude slavery”.

The Civil War

Secession-How did President Buchanan and President Lincoln feel

about secession?
-Buchanan- was illegal, but federal govt. couldn’t stop states from doing it.
-Lincoln- was illegal, but federal govt. was obligated of preventing it.

Advantages/Disadvantages of the North and the South-

Advantages Disadvantages

North South North South

o Has more o Better military o Lack of leadership o Had no Navy
industries + leadership o Lack of purpose o No govt. structure.
road. o Reason to fight. o Not everyone o No manufacture,
o Powerful Navy o Friendly supported the war had to imported
o Establish govt. Population o Top military their weapons
o Larger o Veteran military leadership join the o Poorly equipment
population officials South o Not much roads
o Emancipation
Lincoln’s policies in the North-How did he keep support for the war effort? - He
suspends the writ of Habeas corpus: he could arrest anyone of was critic and opposed to
the war without inform them of the charges hold against them.
Shut down newspaper that where critical of the war and him.
(we look back on that one of the things we take away from it is essentially like how those things gave the presidency
and the government a lot more power)

Financing the war in the north-How did he keep support for the war
effort? – Lincoln raised taxes, printed money, and sold bonds.

Emancipation Proclamation– Changes causes of the war justify as military

necessary-Declared slaves free in a rebel territory but did not free slaver in the border
states because Lincoln didn’t want to lose those states.

Battle of Vicksburg– Won by Union ____Gave Union control of the Mississippi River.
____ Trade through New Orleans

Battle of Gettysburg– Was won by the Union- Confederate on the defensive for the
rest of the war.

Battle of Sherman’s March to the sea– Total war ____ Bring the war to the
South _____ Broke the will of the South to continue the fight.

Unit 1-4 Topics (Stimulus Based MCQ)

End of the Salutary Neglect–

The Stamp Act: Law that imposed taxes on all printed material: Newspaper, Legal
documents, playing cards, pamphlets.
o Is repealed in 1766 but followed by the declaratory act which reserved the
Parliament’s rights to establish laws for the colonies.
No Taxation without Representation: It was established during the protest the
Sugar Act of 1764 The colonists wanted the British Parliament to stop the passing
laws because they did not have a representation in Parliament. They also used it
during the protester against the stepped act of 1765.
Nat Turner Rebellion- rebellion led by Nat Turner a slave, 50 followers in a bloody
revolt in Virginia, killing nearly 60 whites mostly women and children.

Marbury v. Madison- President Adams is very angry that he lost the elections
trier I tampered to keep a federalist in power by appointed d a number of federalists
judges his last day though they lost the election. Bother when Jefferson took office, he
refused to appoint some of these judges William Marbury filed a lawsuit because it was
denied his judgeship; the Marbury v. Madison case (1803)
Significance:
➢ The first time the court used the judicial review (the power to declare a law
unconstitutional.
➢ Increased the power of the supreme court.

McCulloch v. Maryland-
• Summary of the case:
▪ Deal with 2nd BUS
▪ Maryland taxed the BUS, hoping to destroy it.
• Significance:
➢ Supreme Court sides AGAINST Maryland
➢ Supremacy of Federal gov. over state gov.
➢ BUS is constitutional.

Gibbons v. Ogden-
• Summary of the case:
▪ NY grants monopoly to boat company on Hudson. (Involving trade
between NY and NJ
▪ Can a state control interstate?
• Significance:
➢ Supreme Court sides AGAINST Maryland
➢ Supremacy of Federal gov. over state gov.
➢ BUS is constitutional.
Interstate Trade: Trade BETWEEN states (2 or more) ---- Trade WITHIN a state
(only1)
Attitude towards Slavery-Slavery as a “positive good”-instead of saying
slavery was a necessary evil the Sout argues that it is good for everyone slaveholders in
the South and the north it is also good for the country economically.

Reform Movements-
Temperance: Reduce and prohibiting the consummation of alcohol----
The workers are more reliable because before that they were unreliable
because of alcohol and there’s less domestic violence because the
abuse of alcohol lead to immoral behaviour like gambling, prostitution,
domestic violence, and crime.
o It lasted decades national prohibition happened in 1980 with the
18th amendment.
Women’s Rights: Before the woman’s rights movement, women
Couldn’t lands business sign contracts, vote, hold office, etc...

Senaca Falls Convention-1848- Happens in upstate New York, modified the

Declaration of Independence to include women + women’s issue, Stanton read the
“Declaration of sentiments” demanded right to vote, launched the Modern Women’s
rights movement.