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(Respiratory System

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39 views34 pages

(Respiratory System

Uploaded by

starosachafela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Organs of the Respiratory system

 Nose
 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Lungs –
alveoli
ANATOMY OF Respiratory
System
OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this lecture, student should
understand the functions and structure of the
Respiratory System
Functions of the Respiratory System

 Gas exchanges between blood and air


 Exchange place in the lungs in tiny air
sacs, the alveoli
 Passageways purify, warm, and
humidify air
The Nose

 The only externally visible part of the


respiratory system
 Air enters the nose through the external
nares (nostrils)
 The interior is the nasal cavity
divided by a nasal septum
Upper Respiratory Tract
Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity

 Olfactory receptors are located in the


olfactory epithelium
 The rest of the cavity is lined with
mucous membrane
 Moistens air
 Traps incoming foreign particles
Upper Respiratory Tract
Olfactory epithelium
Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity

 Lateral walls have projections called


conchae
“turbinate” bones
 Increases surface area
 Increases air turbulence within the nasal
cavity
Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity

 The nasal cavity is separated from the


oral cavity by the palate
 Anterior hard palate (bone)
 Posterior soft palate (muscle)
Paranasal Sinuses
 sinuses are paired air cavities/spaces
(pockets) found in the cranial (head)
bones.
 Sinuses are also referred to as
"paranasal sinuses". They are
connected to the nose on the facial part
of the skull where air passes and mucus
drains.
There are a total of four pairs of sinus cavities.
They are given their names in accordance to
where they are located on the face.
• Frontal sinuses
• Sphenoid sinuses
• Ethmoid sinuses
• Maxillary sinuses
Paranasal Sinuses

 Function of the sinuses


 Lighten the skull
 Act as resonance chambers for speech
 Produce mucus that drains into the nasal
cavity

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings


The Paranasal Sinuses

Anterior View Lateral View


Pharynx (Throat)
 Muscular passage from nasal cavity to
larynx
 Three regions:
 Nasopharynx – superior, behind nasal
cavity
 Oropharynx – middle, behind mouth
 Laryngopharynx – inferior, attached to
larynx
Pharynx (Throat)

 Nasopharynx is only
respiratory
 The oropharynx and
laryngopharynx
 Common
passageways for air
and food
 Part of two body
systems
Upper Respiratory Tract
Larynx (Voice Box)

 Routes air and food into proper


channels
 Plays a role in speech
 Consists of 9 cartilage structures
Anatomy of the Larynx

Anterior View Lateral View


Structures of the Larynx

 Thyroid cartilage
 Largest hyaline cartilage
 Protrudes anteriorly (Adam’s apple)
 Epiglottis
 Superior opening of the larynx
 Protects larynx during swallowing
Structures of the Larynx

 False vocal cords


Act as valves
 True vocal cords (vocal folds)
 Vibrate with expelled air to create sound
(speech)
 Glottis – opening between vocal cords
Trachea:

 Connects larynx with bronchi


 Lined with ciliated mucous membrane
The Trachea
Primary Bronchi

 Formed by division of the trachea


 Enter the lung at the hilus
 Right bronchus: wider, shorter,
and straighter than left
 Bronchi subdivide into smaller tubes
Bronchial (Respiratory) Tree
Lungs

Occupy most of the thoracic cavity


 Apex is near the clavicle (superior)
 Base rests on the diaphragm (inferior)
Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures
 Right lung – three lobes
Left lung – two lobes
Respiratory Tree Divisions

 Primary bronchi
 Secondary (lobar) bronchi
 Tertiary bronchi
 Bronchioles
 Terminal bronchioles
Bronchial (Respiratory) Tree
Bronchioles

 Smallest
branches of
the bronchi
Respiratory Zone

 Structures
 Respiratory bronchioles
 Alveolar duct
 Alveoli
 Site of gas exchange
Coverings of the Lungs

 Visceral pleura covers the lung surface


 Pleural cavity contains serous fluid
 Parietal pleura lines the walls of the thoracic
cavity
Pleural Membranes and Cavity
THANK YOU

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