KVS ZIET BHUBANESWAR

CBTI X SCIENCE CH_7_ HOW DO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE?

Q. NO QUESTION
MCQ s 1 MARK EACH
1. When a cell reproduces, what happens to its DNA?
2. Name the part of Bryophyllum where the buds are produced for vegetative propagation.
3. What are all organisms called which bear both the sex organs in the same individual? Give one
example of such organism.
4. No two individuals are absolutely alike in a population. Why?
5. Identify and write the male reproductive parts from the list of different parts of a flower given
below:
Stigma, Sepal, Anther, Petal, Ovule, Filament
6. Name the parts of a bisexual flower that are not directly involved in reproduction.
7. Mention the reproductive parts of a flower.
8. Write the full forms of IUCD, AIDS, HIV, and OC.
9. Write two factors that determine the size of a population.
10. What is the main difference between sperms and eggs of humans?
11.
Which of the following is not a part of female reproductive system in human beings?
a) Vas deferens
b) Oviduct
c) Cervix
uterus
12. Fallen leaves of Bryophyllum on the ground produces new plants wheras the leaves of rose do
not? Identify the correct reason from the following.
a) Leaves of Bryophyllum have more chlorophyll than the rose plant leaves.
b) Leaves of Bryophyllum are larger in size and rose leaves are small.
c) Leaves of Bryophyllum show vegetative propagation.
d) Leaves of Bryophyllum can undergo sexual reproduction.

13. Identify the process of pollination shown in mark ‘a’ and ‘b’, from the given options:

a) Fertilisation, self pollination

b) Self pollination, cross pollination
c) Cross pollination, self pollination
d) Self pollination, fertilization

14. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

(a)Sperms are present in a fluid
(b)Fluid provides nutrition to sperms
(c) Fluid makes easier transportation of sperms
(d) Fluid helps to bind the sperms together

15. Observe the given visual and answer the following question.
 What is common in all the individuals shown in a-d?
16. A common metal device is used by a woman which is made of metal X, for preventing pregnancy.
This device works by preventing the implantation of fertilised egg cell (or embryo) in the female
organ Y.
Name the organ Y.

(a) Oviduct (b) Ovary

(c) Cervix
(d) Uterus
17. Menstrual cycle is the cycle of events taking place in female reproductive organs, under the
control of sex hormones, in every 28 days. At an interval of 28 days, a single egg is released from
either of two ovaries. Regular menstrual cycle stopped abruptly in a married woman. She got
herself tested and was happy to discover that she is pregnant with her first baby.

(i) Why menstruation stops in a pregnant female?

(a) The egg gets fertilised so need not to be expelled out of body
(b) Ovulation stops during pregnancy and so do menstruation
(c) Thick uterine lining is needed for proper development of embryo, so that it is retained
(d) All of these.

18. The number of chromosomes present in parents and offspring of a particular species
remains constant due to ________.

A) Doubling of chromosomes during zygote formation

B) Halving of chromosomes during gamete formation
C) Doubling of chromosomes after gamete formation.
D) Halving of Chromosome after gamete formation.

19. Read the following and answer the following questions accordingly.

Among the 1.9 billion, women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) worldwide in 2019,
1.1 billion have a need for family planning of these 842 million using contraceptive
methods and 270 millions have an unmet need for contraception. The proportion of the
need for family planning satisfied by modern method, Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) was 70-75% globally in 2019, yet less than half of the need for family planning was
met in middle and Western Africa.

Only one contraceptive method, i.e. condoms can prevent both a pregnancy and the
transmission of sexually transmitted infections including HIV.
Which of the following birth control measures can be considered as the safest?
 (a) The Rhythm method
(b) The use of physical barriers
(c) Contraceptive pills
(d) Sterilisation techniques
20. Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Assertion(A) : Colonies of yeast multiply in sugar solution.

Reason (R): Sugar is made of sucrose which provides energy for sustaining all life activities.

21. 1. Match the labelled parts of the given figure with the correct option.

A B C D E
a Fallopian Oviduct Uterus Cervix Vagina
tube
b Oviduct Vas Ovary Vagina Cervix
deferens
c Ovary Oviduct Uterus Cervix Vagina
d Ovary Fallopian Uterus Vagina Cervix
tube
22. Examples of vegetatively reproducing plants are:

(a) Tomato ,okra, onion, cauliflower

(b) Potato, ginger, onion, sugarcane
(c) Cauliflower, onion, potato, tomato
(d) Okra, onion, ginger, sugarcane

23. Which of the following is the correct sequence regarding sexual reproduction in a flowering plant?

(a) Pollination, fertilization, seedling, embryo

(b) Seedling, embryo, fertilization, pollination
(c) Pollination, fertilization,embryo, seedling
(d) Embryo, seedling, Pollination, fertilization

24. 2. Given below are the stages of binary fission in Amoeba. Which one out of the following
would you select as the correct sequence of these stages.
 (a) i,ii,iii,iv
(b) iv,iii,i,ii
(c) ii,iv,i,iii
(d) iii,i,iv,ii

25. 1. Reema observes the process of regeneration in Planaria.

Reema claimed that the newly formed planarians have identical genetic make up. Which
statement support the claim?
(a) It is a single celled organism.
(b) All planarians share the same genetic material.
(c) Division in Planaria involves a single parent.
(d) Planaria divides only under unfavourable condition

26. Out of many papaya plants growing in your garden, only a few bear fruits. What could be the reason?
(a) It bears unisexual flowers.
(b) It bears bisexual flowers.
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Due to presence of special type of tissues.

27. What will likely happen if testes are located inside the abdominal cavity?
(a) delayed puberty
(b) sperm formation
(c) increase in body temperature
(d) change in genetic composition of sperms

28. After a female attains puberty, the body undergoes many changes for maturation. Which event
 will likely happen in the female body when there is no fertilization of egg?
(a) disintegration of uterine wall
(b) development of egg into zygote
(c) increase in the production of eggs in the ovaries
(d) of a mature egg into an immature egg

29. Which contraceptive can be used to prevent the entry of sperm inside the female reproductive
organ?
(a) Insertion of copper-T inside the uterus
(b) using condoms on the penis
(c) consuming oral pills.
(d) undergoing surgery for blocking fallopian tube.

30. Which option correctly shows the path that the sperms take when they are released from the
body?
(a) testis -> ureter -> urethra -> penis
(b) testis ->vas deferens -> ureter -> penis
(c) testis -> ureter -> vas deferens -> penis
(d) testis -> vas deferens -> urethra -> penis

31. Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction?

a) Fertilization
b) Budding
c) Meiosis
d) Pollination
32. What is the main purpose of reproduction in organisms?
a) To increase genetic variation
b) To maintain the population size
c) To produce offspring with similar traits
d) To allow for growth and development
33. Which of the following is a characteristic of sexual reproduction?
a) It involves the fusion of gametes
b) It produces offspring identical to the parent
c) It occurs through binary fission
d) It is a rapid and efficient process.
34. In humans, where does fertilization occur?
a) Ovary
b) Uterus
c) Fallopian tube
d) Vagina
35. Identify and write the female reproductive parts from the list of different parts of a flower given
below:
Stigma, Sepal, Anther, Petal, Ovule, Filament
36. What is the purpose of pollination in plants?
a) To transfer pollen grains from the anther to the stigma
b) To produce seeds
c) To allow for the fusion of male and female gametes
d) To attract pollinators like bees and butterflies
37. Which among the following are true for unisexual flowers?
i) They possess both stamen and pistil
ii) They possess either stamen or pistil
iii) They exhibit cross pollination
iv) Unisexual flowers possessing only stamens cannot produce fruits
 a) i& iv
b) ii, iii, and iv
c) iii and iv
i, iii and iv
38. Which among the disease is not sexually transmitted?
a) Syphilis
b) Hepatitis
c) HIV-AIDS
Gonorrhea
39. Which of the following contraceptive methods offers protection against sexually transmitted
infections (STIs)?
a) Barrier methods
b) Hormonal methods
c) Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
d) Emergency contraception
40. What is the advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
a) It allows for the production of a large number of offspring
b) It results in offspring with greater genetic variation
c) It is a faster and more efficient process
d) It requires less energy and resources
41. What is contraception?
a) Promotion of conception
b) Promotion of sterility
c) Prevention of conception
d) None of the above
42. Why is reproduction essential for living organisms?
a) To maintain growth
b) To maintain number
c) To continue the species from generation to generation
d) To provide variation
43. Which of the following do not represent the correct sequence of reproductive stages?
a) Zygote→ Gametes→ Embryo→Seedling
b) Gametes→ Zygote→ Embryo→ Seedling
c) Gametes→ Zygote→ Seedling→ Embryo
d) Gametes→ Embryo→ Seedling→ Zygote
44. Which of the following structures is responsible for transmission of characters from parents to offspring?
a) Centrosome
b) Ribosome
c) Cytoplasm
d) Genes
45. Sperms are produced in:
a) The penis
b) The vas deferens
c) The prostate gland
d) None of the above
46. Fragmentation (breaking up of filaments into smaller pieces) is the common method of asexual reproduction
in:
a) Yeast
b) Spirogyra
c) Amoeba
d) Plasmodium
47. Choose the correct statements among the following:
a) Flowers always have both sex organs.
 b) Flowers are the reproductive organs of the plants.
c) All plants bear flowers.
d) Flowers give rise to fruit after fertilization.
48. Which one is due to bacterial infection?
a) AIDS
b) Gonorrhoea
c) Cancer in cervix
d) Tumour in ovary
49. Based on the two statements, assertion and reason, choose the correct option:
(A) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(B) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(C) If only Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(D) If Assertion is false but Reason is true.
Q. Assertion (A): Spores are unicellular bodies.
Reason (R): The parent body simply breaks up into smaller pieces on maturation.
50. Based on the two statements, assertion and reason, choose the correct option:
(A) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(B) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(C) If only Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(D) If Assertion is false but Reason is true.
Q. Assertion (A): Colonies of yeast multiply in sugar solution.
Reason (R): Sugar is made up of sucrose which provides energy for sustaining all life activities.

51. Colonies of yeast fail to multiply in water, but multiply in sugar solution because they derive energy by
fermenting sugars and carbohydrates to produce
a) methanol and CO2
b) ethanol and CO
c) methanol and O2
d) ethanol and CO2

52. Match the labelled parts of the given figure with the correct option.

A B C D E

a Fallopian tube Oviduct Uterus Cervix Vagina

b Oviduct Vas deferens Ovary Vagina Cervix

c Ovary Oviduct Uterus Cervix Vagina

d Ovary Fallopian tube Uterus Vagina Cervix

53. 3. The diagram shows a sperm. The tail enables the sperm to swim. Why does the sperm need to be able to
swim?
 (a) so that it doesn't drown in the semen
(b) in order to get to the egg
(c) because it is a member of fish family
(d) to travel around in the testicle

54. In some families be it rural or urban, females are tortured for giving birth to a girl child. The approach of
the society towards mother in this is not correct because
(a) Father carries only Y chromosome
(b) Mother carries both X and Y chromosome
(c) Father carries only X chromosome
(d)Mother carries only X chromosome
55. Given below are the stages of binary fission in Amoeba. Which one out of the following would you select
as the correct sequence of these stages.

(a) i,ii,iii,iv
(b) iv,iii,i,ii
(c) ii,iv,i,iii
(d) iii,i,iv,ii

56. 6. Reema observes the process of regeneration in Planaria.

 Reema claimed that the newly formed planarians have identical genetic make up. Which statement
support the claim?
(a) It is a single celled organism.
(b) All planarians share the same genetic material.
(c) Division in Planaria involves a single parent.
(d) Planaria divides only under unfavourable condition

57. Out of many papaya plants growing in your garden, only a few bear fruits. What could be the reason?
(a) It bears unisexual flowers.
(b) It bears bisexual flowers.
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Due to presence of special type of tissues
58. 8. What will likely happen if testes are located inside the abdominal cavity?
(a) delayed puberty
(b) sperm formation
(c) increase in body temperature
(d) change in genetic composition of sperms

59. 9. After a female attains puberty, the body undergoes many changes for maturation. Which event will likely
happen in the female body when there is no fertilization of egg?
(a) disintegration of uterine wall
(b) development of egg into zygote
(c) increase in the production of eggs in the ovaries
(d) of a mature egg into an immature egg

60. 10. Which contraceptive can be used to prevent the entry of sperm inside the female reproductive organ?
(a) Insertion of copper-T inside the uterus
(b) using condoms on the penis
(c) consuming oral pills.
(d) undergoing surgery for blocking fallopian tube.

61. Which of the following is corret sequence of events of sexual reproduction in in a flower
a. pollination, fertilization, seedling, embryo
b. seedling, embryo, fertilization, pollination
c. pollination, fertilization, embryo, seedling
d. embryo, seedling, pollination, seedling
62. Bryophyllum can be propagated vegetatively by the –
 a. stem b.leafc.root d. flower
63. Name one sexually transmitted disease caused due to infection and viral infection.
64. When an organism breaks into a number of parts and each part develops into an individual, it is
called
a. Regenerationb. Budding
c. Binary fissiond. Spore formation

65. In the below figure parts A, B, and C are sequentially

a. cotyledon, plumule, and radicle

b. plumule, radicle, and cotyledon
c. plumule, cotyledon, and radicle
d. radicle, cotyledon, and plumule
66. Permanent fertility control in male is achieved by:
a. Tubectomy b. Vasectomy c. Anatomy d.Pills
67. When a cell reproduces, what happens to its DNA?
68. Which of the following is not a part of the female reproductive system in human beings?
(a) Ovary (b) Uterus (c) Vas deferens (d) Fallopian tube
69. How are the offspring formed in asexual reproduction similar?

(i) Asexual reproduction involves only one parent

(ii) Asexual reproduction involves two parents
(iii) Asexual reproduction involves gametes
(iv) Asexual reproduction does not involve gametes
(a) (i) and (ii)(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iv)(d) (i) and (iv)
70. In relation to a particular series, what is the reason behind the number of chromosomes in parents
and offspring being constant?
(a) Doubling of chromosomes after zygote formation
(b) Halving of chromosomes during gamete formation
(c) Doubling of chromosomes after gamete formation
(d) Halving of chromosomes after gamete formation
71. IUCD is for
a. Vegetative propagation
b. Contraception
c. Increasing fertility
d. Avoiding miscarriage

72. The organism shown in

picture has an ability to
regenerate its whole body
from the fragment of its
body.
a.Earthworm b.Snail
c.Planaria d. Mites

73. The Buds produced in the notches along the leaf margin of Bryophyllum fall on the soil and develop into new plants.
 This is an example of
a.Spore formation b.Fragmentation
c. Budding d. Vegetative propagation

74.

Which of the following organisms reproduce by fission?

a.Amoeba b.Plasmodium
c. Paramaecium d. All of these
75.
Name the method by which Spirogyra reproduces under favourable conditions. Is this method sexual or
asexual?
76.
77. Which conditions are necessary for a seed to germinate?

a. A b. B c. C d. D
78.

Assertion: HIV-AIDS is a bacterial disease.

Reason: It spread through unsafe sexual contact.

79.
Assertion: Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversities and plays a role in origin of new species.

Reason: Sexual reproduction involves formation of gametes and fusion of gametes.

80.
Assertion: Urethra in human male acts as urinogenital canal.

Reason: Urethra carries only urine while sperms are carried by vasa deferentia only.
VSA 2 MARKS EACH
1. Draw labelled diagrams to illustrate budding in Hydra.
2. Name an organism which reproduces by spore formation. List three conditions favourable for
spores to germinate and grow.
3. List two advantages of practising vegetative propagation in plants. Select two plants raised by this
method from the list given below : Banana, Gram, Pea, Rose, Tomato, Wheat
4. Explain why fertilization is possible if copulation takes place during the middle of menstrual cycle?

5. State any two adaptive features that show that some plants are adapted to cross pollination.

6. A woman is using Copper-T, since few weeks, but she will not be protected from any type of STD.
 Why? Suggest a contraceptive method that can prevent the STDs too.

7. How do Plasmodium and Leishmania reproduce? Write one difference in their mode of
reproduction.
8. What happens when
(a) Bryophyllum leaf falls on the wet soil.
(b) on maturation sporangia of Rhizopus bursts?

9. Describe briefly how regeneration is carried out in multicellular organisms like Hydra.
10. Draw labelled diagrams to illustrate spore formation in Rhizopus.
11. Name an organism which reproduces by spore formation. List three conditions favourable for
spores to germinate and grow.
12. List two advantages of practising vegetative propagation in plants. Select two plants raised by this
method from the list given below:

Banana, Gram, Pea, Rose, Tomato, Wheat

13. Give two reasons for the appearance of variations among the off springs.
14. Mention any two functions of testis.

15. A couple wants to space the birth of their second child. Suggest one preventive method which could be
observed by each one of them.
16. 1 Radha found some potatoes in the kitchen which had one or two sprouted buds. She
planted them in kitchen garden and started watering them daily.
(i) What is this method of propagation called?
(ii) Which part of plant is used by her in this case?
(a) Rhizomes
(b) Bulbs
(c) Runners
(d) Tubers

17. 12. How do Plasmodium and Leishmania reproduce? Write one difference in their mode of reproduction
18. 13. What happens when
(a) Bryophyllum leaf falls on the wet soil.
(b) on maturation sporangia of Rhizopus bursts
19. Why is DNA copying is an essential part of the process reproduction?
20. Identify the organisms in Figures A, B, C, and D.

21. Explain what happens when testosterone is released in males.

22.
Mention the two functions of human testis.
23.
Draw a human male reproductive system of a human and label the parts.
24.
Why is it not possible to reconstruct the whole organism from a fragment in complex multicellular
organisms?

SA 3 MARKS EACH
1. What happens when
(a) accidently, Planaria gets cut into many pieces-
(b) Bryophyllum leaf falls on the wet soil
(c) on maturation sporangia of Rhizopus bursts?
2. Write names of those parts of a flower which serve the same function as the following do in the
animals
(i) testes
(ii) sperm
(iii) ovary
(iv) egg.
3. (a) Identify the given diagram. Name the parts 1 to 5.

4. X, Y and Z are three sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). X and Z are caused by bacteria
whereas Y is caused by virus P. Virus P lowers the immunity of a person and leads to an
incurable disease. X starts as painless sores on genitals rectum or mouth. Z causes painful
urination and abnormal discharge from genitals.

(i) Select the option that correctly identifies disease X, Y and Z?

X Y Z
(a) AIDS Syphilis Gonorrhoea
(b) Syphilis AIDS Gonorrhoea

(c) Gonorrhoea Syphilis AIDS

(d) Syphilis Gonorrhoea
AIDS
(ii) Identify virus P from the given paragraph.

(a) Human papilloma virus

(b) Human adenovirus
(c) Human immunodeficiency virus
(d) Human cytomegalovirus

(iii) List the symptoms that are seen in the disease Y.

5. Observe the given visual and answer the following questions:

 a) Explain the term ‘Placenta’?
b) What makes it more spacious to absorb more and more nutrition and oxygen?
c) How long will this persist in an adult woman during pregnancy?

6. Observe the picture to answer the following questions:

a) Name the part where incision has been done.

b) Specify that how, this method, serves a good conceptive.
c) A human female releases an egg every month, what if the egg is not fertilized?

7. State the role of placenta in the development of embryo.

8. Suggest three contraceptive methods to control the size of human population which is essential
for the health and prosperity of a country. State the basic principle involved in each.
 9.

Name the part marked A in the diagram.

(ii) How does A reaches part B?
(iii) State the importance of the part C.
(iv) What happens to the part marked D after fertilisation is over?

10. In the given figure label the parts and mention their functions
a) Production of egg
b) Site of fertilization
c) Site of implantation
d) Entry of the sperms

11. Write names of those parts of a flower which serve the same function as the following do in the
animals
(i) testes
(ii) sperm
(iii) ovary
(iv) egg.
12. From an evolutionary perspective, why is sexual reproduction the predominant mode of
reproduction?
13. You have read in newspapers that sex ratio in many parts of the country has gone down to less than 900:
1000. What does this mean? What is the reason behind it? How can you contribute in retrieving the
situation?
14. What is AIDS? Name its causal organism? Mention its symptoms.
15. Why is variation beneficial to the species but not necessarily for the individual?
16. 14. State the role of placenta in the development of embryo.
17. 15. Raghav an employee in MNC was not keeping well for a long time. He underwent a complete medical
check up and was diagnosed as HIV+. He was terminated on account of this condition.
(i) To which category of disease AIDS belong?
(ii) __________ is its causative organism.
(iii) The decision to terminate him from the company
(a) was right as its a communicable disease
(b) was wrong as its not transmitted from one individual to another
(c) was wrong as it doesn't spread through shaking and mixing with HIV infected individuals
(d) was wrong as it spreads through shaking and mixing with HIV infected individuals

18.

(i) Name the part marked A in the diagram.

(ii) How does A reaches part B?
(iii) State the importance of the part C.
(iv) What happens to the part marked D after fertilisation is over?

19 Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination.

20 Define menstruation and menopause.
21 Write any three differences between binary fission and multiple fission.
22 Write twodifferences between sexual & asexual reproduction. Which species is likely to have better
chances of survival- the one reproducing sexually or the one reproducing asexually?
23
How does Rhizopus reproduce? Explain in brief and also draw a well labelled diagram.
24
Why is DNA copying an essential part of the process reproduction?
 CASE BASED QUESTIONS 4 MARKS
1. Write one main difference between asexual and sexual mode of reproduction. Which species is
likely to have comparatively better chances of survival – the one reproducing asexually or the one
reproducing sexually? Give reason to justify your answer.
2. (a) Draw a sectional view of human female reproductive system and label that part where
(i) eggs develop
(ii) fertilisation take place
(iii) fertilised egg gets implanted
(b) Describe, in brief, the changes that uterus undergoes
(i) to receive the zygote
(ii) if zygote is not formed.
3. A list of steps involved in sexual reproduction is given here. Arrange them in correct order.
a) Transfer of male gamete to female gamete
b) Zygote grows into an embryo forming a new individual
c) Fusion of gametes resulting in zygote formation.
d) Formation of male and female gamete.

4. Observe the diagram to answer the following questions:

a) Testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in scrotum. Why?

b) Name the accessory gland that produces fluid which is released in the urethra and
helps in sperm motility.
Trace the path of transfer of sperm from its site of production to its site of release.
5. Menstrual cycle is the cycle of events taking place in female reproductive organs under the control
of sex hormones, in every 28 days at an interval of 28 days, a single egg is released from either of
two ovaries. Regular menstrual cycle stopped abruptly in a married women. She got herself tested
and was happy to discover that she is pregnant with her first baby.
(i)Why menstruation stops in a pregnant female?
(ii)Select the correct sequence of acts that lead to pregnancy
in a female.
A. Fertilisation of egg
B. Ovulation
C. Formation of zygote
D. Implantation
(a)D⇒⇒C⇒⇒B⇒⇒A (b) B⇒⇒A⇒⇒C⇒⇒D

(c)A⇒⇒B⇒⇒C⇒⇒D (d)D⇒⇒C⇒⇒A⇒⇒B
(iii) How is a zygote different from embryo?
(iv) What change takes place in the uterus of a pregnant female?

6. Germination starts with the rapid intake of water by the seed through its micropyle. The first visible
indication of germination is the swelling of the seed with a resultant increase in weight. It is also
accompanied by the softening of the seed coat. Absorption of water causes a number of
physiological changes in the seed. Germinating seeds exhibit increased respiratory activity. The
embryo produces enzymes which convert the food materials stored in the cotyledons into soluble
 form usable by the growing embryo. Once the food is made available, cell division activity starts in
the growing embryo. The growth of the embryonic tissue ruptures the seed coat.
1. Which among the following are true
(i) Radicle develops into root
(ii) Radicle develops into shoot
(iii) Plumule develops into root
(iv) Plumule develops into shoot

(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii)

(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)
2. What are the three conditions necessary for the germination of seeds?
3. Name the part of the seed that provides nutrition for the growing seedling.

7. Explain how external and internal fertilization occur in animals. Compare the advantages and
disadvantages of each strategy.
8. Name the parts A, B and C shown in the following diagram and state one function of each.

9. Surbhi and Mukesh are a young couple married only four years ago. They have two children. How will you
convince them not to have any more child? What guidelines will you give to the couple?
10. The reproductive parts of angiosperms are located in the flower. You have already studied the different
parts of a flower – sepals, petals, stamens and pistil. Stamens and pistil are the reproductive parts of a
flower which contain the germ-cells. The flower may be unisexual (papaya, watermelon) when it contains
either stamens or pistil or bisexual (Hibiscus, mustard) when it contains both stamens and pistil.
i) What is the male reproductive part of a flower?
ii) What are the different parts of pistil?
iii) What is pollination?
iv) What are two types of pollination?
11. A survey conducted by an organization for the cause of illness and death among the women between the
ages 15-44 (in years) worldwide, found the following figure in (%)

(i)Which condition is the major cause of women's ill health and death worldwide?
(ii)Which part of the female reproductive system remains blocked after tubectomy?
(a) Fallopian tube
(b) Oviduct
(c) Cervix
 (d) Uterine cavity
(iii) What problem in reproductive health care require doctors help?
(a) STDs
(b) conception and abortion
(c) infertility and menstruation problem
(d) All
(iv) Which of the following is not a STDs caused by bacteria?
(a) Syphilis
(b) Gonorrhea
(c) AIDs
(d) Chlamydia

12. Germination starts with the rapid intake of water by the seed through its micropyle. The first visible
indication of germination is the swelling of the seed with a resultant increase in weight. It is also
accompanied by the softening of the seed coat. Absorption of water causes a number of physiological
changes in the seed. Germinating seeds exhibit increased respiratory activity. The embryo produces
enzymes which convert the food materials stored in the cotyledons into soluble form usable by the growing
embryo. Once the food is made available, cell division activity starts in the growing embryo. The growth of
the embryonic tissue ruptures the seed coat.
1. Which among the following are true
(i) Radicle develops into root
(ii) Radicle develops into shoot
(iii) Plumule develops into root
(iv) Plumule develops into shoot

(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii)

(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)
2. What are the three conditions necessary for the germination of seeds?
3. Name the part of the seed that provides nutrition for the growing seedling
13. What is puberty? Mention the changes that occur in girls and boys during puberty.
14. List any four methods of contraception used by humans.
15. The diagram given is the structure of a flower. Study the structure and answer the following questions
from (a) to (d):

(a)The Labels A, B & C are

i) Stigma, Style & Ovary respectively
ii) Anther, Style, Ovary respectively
iii) Style, Ovary, Stigma respectively
iv) Anther, Ovary, Style respectively

(b) Which of these is the function of part labelled as C

i) Contains ovules which develop into seeds
ii) Attracts pollinator
iii) Protect rising buds
iv) Receive pollens
 (c) In a flowering plant summarize the events that take place after fertilization.

(d)Why are pollinator essential for reproduction in plants?

16. Menstrual cycle is the cycle of events taking place in female reproductive organs, under the control of sex
hormones, in every 28 days. At an interval of 28 days, a single egg is released from either of two ovaries.
Regular menstrual cycle stopped abruptly in a married woman. She got herself tested and was happy to
discover that she is pregnant with her first baby.
(i) Why menstruation stops in a pregnant female?
(a) The egg gets fertilised so need not to be expelled out of body
(b) Ovulation stops during pregnancy and so do menstruation
(c) Thick uterine lining is needed for proper development of embryo, so that it is retained
(d) All of these

(ii) Select the correct sequence of acts that leads to pregnancy in a female.
A. Fertilisation of egg
B. Ovulation
C. Formation of zygote
D. Implantation
(a) D ⇒⇒C ⇒⇒B ⇒⇒A (b) B⇒⇒ A⇒⇒C⇒⇒D
(c) A ⇒⇒ B⇒⇒ C⇒⇒ D (d) D⇒⇒ C⇒⇒ A ⇒⇒B

(iii) How is zygote different from embryo (Foetus)?

(iv) Select the correct statement.

(a) The average duration of human pregnancy is about nine months
(b) The time period from fertilisation up to the birth of baby is called gestation
(c) If doctor finds any anomaly in the developing foetus, then he may terminate pregnancy at an early
stage, known as abortion
(d) All of these

LA ( 5MARKS)
1 Based on the given diagram answer the questions given below:

(a) Label the parts A, B, C and D.

(b) Name the hormone secreted by testis and mention its role.
(c) State the functions of B and C in the process of reproduction.
2 An Asian water dragon hatched from an egg at the Smithsonian National Zoo, and her
keepers were shocked. Why? Her mother had never been with a male water dragon.
Through genetic testing, zoo scientists discovered the newly hatched female, born on Aug.
 24, 2016, had been produced through a reproductive mode called parthenogenesis.

Parthenogenesis is a Greek word meaning “virgin creation,” but specifically refers to female
asexual reproduction. Parthenogenesis is surprisingly common throughout the tree of
life and is found in a variety of organisms, including plants, insects, fish, reptiles and even
birds. Because mammals, including human beings, require certain genes to come from
sperm, mammals are incapable of parthenogenesis.

a) Can you name any other mode of reproduction that doesn’t involve both the partners
of different sex?

b) What name would you give to the mode of reproduction seen in Planaria?

c) How is Parthenogensis different from fertilization?

d) What makes the mammals incapable of parthenogenesis?

e) Illustrate the genetic differences that will be seen in an individual that is pr oduced by
fertilization and that which grew parthenogenetically?

3 Based on the given diagram answer the questions given below:

(a) Label the parts A, B, C and D.

(b) How does A reaches part B?
(c) State the importance of the part C.
(d) What happens to the part marked D after fertilisation is over?
4 (i) What is fertilization?
(ii) Where does fertilization occur?
(iii) What is placenta?
(iv) What are the different parts of female reproductive system?
(v) What happens when egg is not fertilized?
5 Based on the given diagram answer the questions given below:
 (a) Label the parts A, B, C and D.
(b) Name the hormone secreted by testis and mention its role.
(c) State the functions of B and C in the process of reproduction.

6 a) Where do the following functions occur?

(i) Production of an egg
(ii) Fertilisation
(iii) Implantation of zygote.
(b) What happens to the lining of uterus:
(i) before release of a fertilised egg?
(ii) if no fertilisation occurs?
7 A newly married couple does not want have children for few years. They consulted a doctor who advised
them barrier method and chemical method of birth control. Doctor also advised them that these methods
not only control pregnancy and but also STDs. Yet another couple who already have two children and are
middle aged also consulted doctor for some permanent solution to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Doctor
advised them surgical method of birth control.

(i)What are the barrier methods of birth control?

(a) Condoms (b) Diaphragm
(c) Oral pills (d) Both (a) & (b)

(ii) How physical barrier prevent pregnancy?

(a) They kill the sperms
(b) They kill the ovum
(c) They prevent sperms from meeting the ovum
(d) They prevent intercourse

(iii) How chemical methods prevent pregnancy?

(a) Vaginal pills contain chemical called spermicides which kill the sperms
(b) Oral pills prevent ovulation so there will be no fertilisation
(c) Oral pills stop menstruation in females
(d) Both (a) and (b)

(iv) What are STDs? How can they be controlled?

8
9
ANSWERS FOR MCQs

1. When a cell reproduces, DNA replication occurs which forms two similar copies of DNA.
2. Bryophyllum propagates vegetatively by the buds produced at the margins of leaves.
3. Organisms which bear both male and female sex organs in the same individual are called
bisexual. For example, Hibiscus.
4. No two individuals are absolutely alike in a population because sexual reproduction promotes
diversity of characters in the offspring by providing genetic variation.
5. The male reproductive parts that are present in a flower from given list are:
(i) anther and (ii) filament.
6. Calyx and corolla are parts of a flower that are not directly involved in reproduction.
7. The reproductive parts of a flower are as follows
Male reproductive part – Stamens
Female reproductive part – Pistil.
8. The full forms for the above abbreviations are as follows
 IUCD – Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices
AIDS – Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome
HIV – Human Immuno Virus
OC – Oral Contraceptives.
9. The rate of birth and death in a given population will determine the size of a population.
10. The main difference between sperms and eggs of humans is that a sperm has X or Y
chromosome whereas egg has X chromosome.
11. Vas deferens
12. Leaves of Bryophyllum show vegetative propagation.
13. b) Self pollination, cross pollination
14. d) Fluid helps to bind the sperms together
15. Asexual Reproduction
16. (d) Uterus
17. (d) All of these
18. B) Halving of chromosomes during gamete formation
19. (b) The use of physical barriers
20. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

21.
c Ovary Oviduct Uterus Cervix Vagina
22. Potato, ginger, onion, sugarcane

23. Pollination, fertilization, seedling, embryo

24. ii,iv,i,iii

25. Division in Planaria involves a single parent.

26. Both (a) and (b)

27. delayed puberty

28. disintegration of uterine wall

29. using condoms on the penis

30. testis -> vas deferens -> urethra -> penis

31. b) Budding
32. b) To maintain the population size
33. a) It involves the fusion of gametes
34. c)Fallopian tube
35. The male reproductive parts that are present in a flower from given list are:
(i) anther and (ii) filament.
36. To transfer pollen grains from the anther to the stigma
37. b
38. b
39. a) Barrier methods
40. It results in offspring with greater genetic variation
41. C
42. C
43. B
44. D
45. D
46. B
47. B
48. B
49. C
50. A
51. (d) ethanol and CO2

52.

c Ovary Oviduct Uterus Cervix Vagina

53. (b) in order to get to the egg

54. (d) Mother carries only X chromosome

55. (c) ii , iv , i , iii

56. (c) Division in Planaria involves a single parent.

57. Both (a) and (b)

58. delayed puberty

59. disintegration of uterine wall

60. using condoms on the penis

61. c. pollination,fertilization,embryo,seedling
62. b.leaf
• Virus: AIDS or hepatitis B.
63.
Bacteria: Gonorrhoea or syphilis.
64. a. Regeneration
65. c. plumule, cotyledon, and radicle
66. b. Vasectomy
67. When a cell reproduces,its DNA is copied and passed on to the offspring.
68. (c) Vas deferens
69. (d) i and iv.
70. (b) Halving of chromosomes during gamete formation
71. b. Contraception
72. c. Planaria
73. d. Vegetative propagation
74. d. All of these
75. The method by which Spirogyra reproduces under favorable conditions is fragmentation. This is an asexual
mode of reproduction.
76. d.Male gamete-3 & Female gamete-5
77. b.B
 78. d.Assertion is false but reason is true.
79. a.Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
80. c.Assertion is true but reason is false.
ANSWERS FOR VSA ( 2 MARKS)
1 The given diagram illustrates budding in Hydra:

2 Rhizopus reproduce by the method of spore formation.

The three conditions favourable for spores to germinate and grow are moisture, suitable
temperature and food (nutrition).
3 Two advantages of the vegetative propagation of plants are:

• Any desirable features of the parent plant can be replicated in the new plants.

Flowers and fruits can be grown in a shorter time as compared to the plants grown from seeds.
The two plants raised by this method are banana and rose.
4 Since ovulation, i.e., release of ovum occurs on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle i.e. in its
middle, chances are more for the sperms to fertilize the egg or ovum during this time.
5 Bright Colouration of their petals, winged pollen, light pollens, Scent produced by them, self
infertility/ incompatibility.
6 Because, the Cu-T will not prevent the exchange of fluid between the copulating partners. And
fluid of infected partner may carry the pathogens of the STDs. Only the use of Condoms can
prevent STDs and can be a good contraceptive.
7 Plasmodium and Leishmania reproduce by the process of fission which is an asexual mode of
reproduction. Plasmodium reproduces by multiple fission. About 1000 daughter cells are
produced by the multiple fission of a Plasmodium. Leishmania reproduces by the process of
binary fission. In Leishmania, the splitting of parent cell takes place in a definite plane
(longitudinally) with respect to flagellum at its end to produce two daughter cells.

8 (a) When the Bryophyllum leaf falls on the wet soil, the buds present in the notches along the leaf
margin develop into new plants. This is known as vegetative propagation.
(b) The sporangia of Rhizopus contain cells or spores that can eventually develop into new
Rhizopus individuals when it bursts on maturation.

9 When a small piece of Hydra breaks off it grows into complete new Hydra.
During regeneration, the cells of cut body part of the organism divide rapidly to make a mass of
cells. The cells here move to their proper places within the mass where they have to form different
types of tissues. In this way complete organism is regenerated.

10 The given diagram illustrates spore formation in Rhizopus:

11 Rhizopus reproduce by the method of spore formation.
The three conditions favourable for spores to germinate and grow are moisture, suitable
temperature and food (nutrition).
12 Two advantages of the vegetative propagation of plants are:

• Any desirable features of the parent plant can be replicated in the new plants.

Flowers and fruits can be grown in a shorter time as compared to the plants grown from seeds.
The two plants raised by this method are banana and rose.
13 i. It involves two parents.
Copying of DNA is not exactly same as parents.
14 i. Produces male gamete sperm, and the process known as spermatogenesis.
Secrets male sex hormone testosterone which helps in regulation of spermatogenesis.
15 By the husband- The preventive method used by the husband could be the use of condoms.
BT the wife- The preventive method used by the wife could be the use of oral pills or loop of Copper- T.
16 (i) Vegetative Propogation (ii) Tubers

17 Plasmodium and Leishmania reproduce by the process of fission which is an asexual mode of reproduction.
Plasmodium reproduces by multiple fission. About 1000 daughter cells are produced by the multiple fission
of a Plasmodium. Leishmania reproduces by the process of binary fission. In Leishmania, the splitting of
parent cell takes place in a definite plane (longitudinally) with respect to flagellum at its end to produce two
daughter cells.

18 (a) When the Bryophyllum leaf falls on the wet soil, the buds present in the notches along the leaf margin
develop into new plants. This is known as vegetative propagation.
(b) The sporangia of Rhizopus contain cells or spores that can eventually develop into new Rhizopus
individuals when it bursts on maturation. When a small piece of Hydra breaks off it grows into complete
new Hydra.
During regeneration, the cells of cut body part of the organism divide rapidly to make a mass of cells. The
cells here move to their proper places within the mass where they have to form different types of tissues. In
this way complete organism is regenerated.

19 DNA copying is an essential part of the process of reproduction because it carries the genetic information
from the parents to their offspring. A copy of DNA is produced by some chemical reactions resulting in two
copies of DNA.
20 A – Hydra B – Rhizopus C – Bryophyllum D – Planaria.
21 • Formation of sperms, change in appearance.
Thick hair growth on the face and the voice begins to crack.
22 1.Testes make male sex hormones called testosterone.

2.Testes produce male sex gametes, i.e., sperms.

 23

24
The reason is that many multi-cellular organisms are not simply a random collection of cells. Specialized
cells are organized as tissues and tissues are organized into organs, which then have to be placed at
definite positions in the body. Therefore, the cell-by-cell division would be impractical.

ANSWERS FOR SA ( 3 MARKS)

1. (a) When Planaria accidently gets cut into many pieces then its each piece grows into a complete
organism. This is known as regeneration.
(b) When the Bryophyllum leaf falls on the wet soil, the buds present in the notches along the leaf
margin develop into new plants. This is known as vegetative propagation.
(c) The sporangia of Rhizopus contain cells or spores that can eventually develop into new
Rhizopus individuals when it bursts on maturation.
2. The parts of a flower which serve the same function as following do in the animals are
(i) testes – anther of stamen
(ii) sperm – pollen
(iii) ovary – ovary of pistil
(iv) egg – female germ cell present in ovule.
3. The given diagram is the sectional view of human female reproductive system.
The labelled parts are:
1. Funnel of fallopian tube or oviduct
2. Ovary
3. Uterus or womb
4. Cervix
5. Vagina
4. (i) (b): X could be Syphilis, Y could be AIDS and Z could be gonorrhoea.
(ii) (c) Human immunodeficiency virus.
(iii) Low immunity, Rapid weight loss.Recurring fever or profuse night sweats.Extreme and
unexplained tiredness.Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or
neck.Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week. ( Any one or two)

5. a) Placenta is a special disc-like tissue embedded in the mother’s uterine wall and connected
to the foetus or embryo.
b) Placenta contains villi that provides a large surface area for glucose and oxygen, nutrient to
pass from the mother’s blood to the developing embryo or foetus.
Placenta formation start after the implantation of the embryo and last till the end of pregnancy or
parturition.
6. a) Oviduct/ Fallopian tube
b) As the fertilization takes place in the oviduct where sperms meet the ovum but the path is
blocked due to the incision, so this serves as a good contraceptive.
When the egg is not fertilized, it is shredded off from the body and menstrual cycle takes place.
Ovary releases one egg every month. At the same time, the uterus also prepares itself to receive
 a fertilized egg. The uterine lining becomes thick and spongy for carrying embryo.
7. Placenta is a physiological connection between an embryo and uterine wall of the mother through
which nutrients and other useful substances enter into fetus from mother’s blood and waste
products like urea and carbon dioxide are expelled into mother's blood from fetus.

8. Barrier method, chemical method, surgical method

9. . (i) A is pollen grain.
(ii) Part B is stigma. It is the part of pistil (female reproductive organ) that receives pollen grains.
Pollen grains reach stigma through various agencies like wind, water, insect, etc.

10.

11. The parts of a flower which serve the same function as following do in the animals are
(i) testes – anther of stamen
(ii) sperm – pollen
(iii) ovary – ovary of pistil
(iv) egg – female germ cell present in ovule.
12. Sexual reproduction offers evolutionary advantages due to genetic diversity. Offspring produced
through sexual reproduction inherit a combination of genetic material from both parents,
increasing the genetic variability of a population. This diversity enhances a species' ability to
adapt to changing environments and resist diseases. Asexual reproduction, on the other hand,
tends to produce genetically identical offspring, which can be advantageous in stable
environments but limits adaptability in dynamic ones.
13. The ratio 900: 1000 is called sex ratio. It indicates that there are 900 females to 1000 males. This is not a
healthy sign for the society. A number of males will not be able to find suitable brides leading several types
of social problems.
The reason behind this decline in sex ratio is the availability of sex determining devices for the foetus and
carrying out abortion in case of female foetus.
14. AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease. Its full form is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
It is a viral disease caused by Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV).
Its symptoms are persistent cough and fever and body is attacked by other diseases such as pneumonia, TB
etc.
15. Variations are useful for the survival of species in changed environment situations. If a population of
reproducing organisms were suited to a particular niche and if the niche is drastically altered the population
could be wiped out.
However, some variations are present some species will survive. Thus, variation is useful to species but not
the individual.
16 Placenta is a physiological connection between an embryo and uterine wall of the mother through which
nutrients and other useful substances enter into fetus from mother’s blood and waste products like urea and
carbon dioxide are expelled into mother's blood from fetus.

17 (i) Sexually transmitted disease (ii) Human immunodeficiency virus (iii) (c) was wrong as it does not
spread through shaking and mixing with HIV infected individual .
18 (i) A is pollen grain.
(ii) Part B is stigma. It is the part of pistil (female reproductive organ) that receives pollen grains. Pollen
grains reach like stigma through various agencies wind, water, insect, etc.

19 Self-pollination Cross-pollination
i. It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther i. It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther
to the stigma within the same flower. to the stigma in another flower.
ii. It occurs either in the same flower or another ii. It occurs between two flowers that are on
flower of the same plant. different plants but are of the same species.
iii. It occurs in flowers that are genetically the iii. It occurs between flowers that are genetically
same. different.
20 Menstruation, or period, is normal vaginal bleeding that occurs as part of a woman's monthly cycle. Every
month, your body prepares for pregnancy. If no pregnancy occurs, the uterus, or womb, sheds its lining. The
menstrual blood is partly blood and partly tissue from inside the uterus.
Menopause is the time that marks the end of your menstrual cycles. It's diagnosed after you've gone 12
months without a menstrual period. Menopause can happen in your 40s or 50s, but the average age is 51 in
the United States. Menopause is a natural biological process.
21
Binary fission Multiple fission
1. Forms two daughter individuals 1. Forms many daughter individuals

2. Divides only once 2. Divides repeatedly

3. No residue is left 3. Residue is left
22 Asexual: Single parent involved, gametes are not formed.
Sexual : Both parents are involved, Gametes are formed.

The organisms reproducing sexually have better chances of survival because it promotes diversity of
characters in an offspring due to combinations of genes which can lead to variation whereas in asexual
reproduction evolutionary change is not possible as only one parent is involved therefore no variation
takes place.

23 The spores of Rhizopus are nearly always present in the air. They settle down on moist organic matter like bread,
germinate and form mycelia. A mycelium bears a number of sporangia where spores are formed. The wall of
sporangium breaks and the released spores are picked up by air for dispersal.

24
DNA copying is an important process that ensures that when cell multiplies, through the mechanisms of
mitosis or meiosis, the equal amount of DNA (genetic material) passes in to the new cell. The DNA
 replicates so that there will be an extra copy of DNA when the cell multiplies.

ANSWERS FOR CBQ ( 4 MARKS)

1. Difference between asexual and sexual mode of reproduction is as follows :
Asexual reproduction:
Gametes are not formed hence fertilisation does not take place.
Sexual reproduction:
Gametes are always formed and fertilisation takes place to form a zygote.

Species reproducing sexually has a better chance of survival as variations occur only during the
sexual reproduction. Variations increase the chances of survival of an individual by making them
more fit. Selection of variations by environmental factors forms the basis of evolution.
2. (a) The sectional view of human female reproductive system is as follows:

(i) Ovary is the part where eggs develop.

(ii) Fallopian tube is the part where fertilisation takes place.
(iii) Uterus is the part where fertilised egg gets implanted.
3. I. Formation of male and female gamete.
II. Transfer of male gamete to female gamete.
III. Fusion of gametes resulting in zygote formation.
Zygote grows into an embryo forming a new individual
4. a) Sperms can only be produced in the temperature 2-3 degree less than the body
temperature.
b) Prostate gland
Testis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra.
5. i) The level of estrogen and progesterone is high due to which the endometrium continues to
thicken to make it suitable for implantation. Hence, menstrual cycles remain absent for the entire
gestation or pregnancy period.
ii) (b) B⇒⇒A⇒⇒C⇒⇒D
iii) An embryo is defined as the unborn offspring that is in the process of development. An embryo
is a developmental stage that comes after the formation of a zygote.
iv) The lining of a uterus gets thickened and enriched with blood supply to promotes healthy
growth. The uterus also increases its secretion to allow easy movement of the zygote for
implantation.

6. 1. (i) and (iv)

2. Conditions necessary for the germination of seeds:
Water,Oxygen,Temperature
3. The cotyledons of the seed provide nutrition for the growing seedling or the embryo.

7. External fertilization occurs outside the organism's body, typically in aquatic environments.
Organisms release gametes into the water, where fertilization takes place. This method requires
synchronization and abundant water to increase the chances of successful fertilization. Internal
fertilization occurs within the organism's body, often involving copulation. It provides greater
protection for developing embryos but requires specialized reproductive structures. For instance,
 fish exhibit external fertilization, whereas mammals, including humans, practice internal
fertilization. External fertilization exposes gametes to external threats, while internal fertilization
requires more parental investment.
8. In the given figure, part A is anther, part B is style and part C is ovule.
Anther (A) is a part of male reproductive organ of flower called stamen. Large number of pollen
grains are formed inside anther. Style (B) and ovule (C) are parts of female reproductive organ of
flower called carpel / pistil.
9. 1. A safe, satisfying reproductive health is possible only when the number of children is small.
2. Small number of children helps in enjoying the family life better both at home and outside.
3. The children can be reared with better resources. They can be properly educated and settled in life.
The couple can also save and plan properly for their post- retirement life.
10. i) Stamen is the male reproductive part of a flower. It consists of anther and filament.
ii) Stigma, style and ovary
iii) The transfer of pollen grain from the stamen to stigma of flower is called pollination.
Self pollination and cross pollination.
11. (i) Reproductive health (ii) (a) Fallopian tube (iii) (d) All (iv) (c) AIDS

12. 18.1. (i) and (iv)

2. Conditions necessary for the germination of seeds:
Water,Oxygen,Temperature
3. The cotyledons of the seed provide nutrition for the growing seedling or the embryo.

13. Puberty is the period of sexual maturity during adolescence when the reproductive organs become
functional.

There is the development of secondary sex organs and secondary sex characters in both males and females.

The changes in males are:

• The penis and scrotum are enlarged.

• Shoulders are broadened.
• Muscle development is increased.
• The larynx is enlarged.
• The voice is deepening due to the thickening of vocal cords.
• Growth of pubic hairs.
• Development of extra hairs on the face, armpits, and chest.
The puberty changes in women are:

• Growth of breast and external genitalia.

• Growth of pubic hair and extra hair in the armpits.
• Hair on the beard, moustache, and chest is absent.
• Pelvis gets broadened.
• Initiation of menstruation and ovulation.
• Fat deposition in various body parts like the thighs, hips, and shoulders.

14.
Four methods of contraception are
• Barrier method: use of condoms.
• Surgical methods: vasectomy (in male), tubectomy (in female).
• Intrauterine devices: copper T.
• Oral contraception: oral hormonal pills.
15. (a)- ii) Anther, Style, Ovary, (b)-i) Contains ovules which develop into seeds

(c)- (d) Pollinators are the agents who help

in transfer of pollen grains from
male part of flower to female part
of flower. This help in fertilization
and growth and reproduction of
new plants. If pollinators (birds,
insects etc.) are absent then
pollination won’t take place and
that will cease fertilization.

16. (i)-(d) All of these

(ii)-(b) B⇒⇒ A⇒⇒C⇒⇒D
(iii)-

(iv)-(d) All of these

KEY 5 MARKS
1 a) A – Ureter
B – Seminal vesicle
C – Urethra
D – Vas deferens

(b) Testes produce male sex hormone testo-sterone. Hormone Testosterone brings about the
development of secondary sexual characters during puberty in boys like growth of facial hair,
deepening of voice, build up of muscle mass and also regulates formation of sperms.

(c) Seminal vesicles (B) release its contents into the ejaculatory duct during ejaculation. Urethra
(C) carries sperms from the vas deferens through the penis.
2 a)Binary fission/ Multiple fission/ Regeneration
b)Regeneration
c) In parthenogenesis, the female can give birth to her young one without getting fertised by the
male partner’s sperm. But in fertilization, both male and female gametes fuse to form zygote and
here both sexes are involved.
d) Mammals require certain genes of the sperm from the male individual that ensures fertilization
so they are incapable of parthenogenesis.
e) Feritilised individual will show variation and will have more scope of evolution but the
 parthenogenetically produced individual will not show any variation as it will have the same genes
of its mother so there will be very less scope of evolution.
3 a) A is pollen grain, B- Stigma, C- Pollen tube and D- Ovule
(b) Part B is stigma. It is the part of pistil (female reproductive organ) that receives pollen grains.
Pollen grains reach stigma through various agencies like wind, water, insect, etc.
(c) Pollen tube (C) carries male gametes to the ovule present in ovary. Male gametes fuse with
egg and secondary nucleus to give rise to zygote and endosperm.
(d) Female gamete (D) fuses with male gamete and converts to embryo after fertilisation.
4 i) The fusion of male and female gamete to form zygote is called fertilization.
ii) Fertilization occurs in the oviduct or fallopian tube.
iii) It is a special tissue which provide nutrition from mother’s blood to developing embryo.
iv) Fallopian tube, ovary, uterus, vagina and cervix.
If the egg is not fertilized, the thick lining of uterus is not needed. So, it breaks slowly and comes out
through vagina as blood mucus, which is called as menstruation.
5 a)A- Ureter
B- Seminal vesicle
C- Urethra
D- Vas deferens
b) They produce sperms in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and it also produces another hormone
called androgenic hormone.
c)
• B-seminal vesicles secrete a significant proportion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen.
• C-semen passes through the urethra, where it is ejaculated during a male sexual response.

6
(a) i)Production of an egg -> Ovary
ii)Fertilisation -> Fallopian tube
iii)Implantation of zygote -> Uterus
(b) (i) The inner lining of the uterus becomes thick and soft with a lot of blood capillaries before the release
of a fertilized egg. (ii) If no fertilization occurs then the thick uterus lining breaks down along with its blood
vessels in the form of vaginal bleeding called menstrual flow.
7 )- d) Both a & b
(ii)-(c) They prevent sperms from meeting the ovum
(iii)-(d) Both (a) and (b)
(iv)- Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) get transferred from one individual to the other through
sexual contact. Hence, it can be prevented by: The use of contraceptives, such as condoms,avoiding
multiple sex partners, Medication on time etc.