2

CHAP TER
Physical Features of lnd
MIND MAP

Major Physiographic Divisions of India

Peninsular Coastal Great

Himalayan
Northern
Plateau of Plains of Indian
Island
Plains of India
Mountains
India (High India Desert Groups
of India
Tableland)
" Young fold mountains
" Loftiest and most rugged
(a) Three parallel ranges of Himalayas Central Deccan
Highlands Plateau
of India
Himadri Himachal Shiwaliks
(b) Division on the basis of demarcation of rivers

Western Eastern
Coastal Plains Coastal Plains
Punjab Kumaon Nepal Assam Purvachal
Himalayas Himalayas Himalayas Himalayas
Lakshadweep Andaman and
Division on the basis of Rivers Islands Nicobar lslands
Division on the basis of relief
" Punjab plains (Coral Islands) (Volcanic lslands
Bhabar
" Ganga plains Terai
" Brahmaputra plains Bhangar
" Khadar

NCERT ZONE
Exercises
1. Cho0se the right answer from the four
(ii) Mountain ranges in the eastern part
alternatives given below: of India forming its boundary
(i) A andmass
bounded by sea on three Myanmar are collectivity called
sides is referred to as (a) Himachal
(a) Coast (b) Island (b) Uttarakhand
(c) Peninsula (d) None of the (c) Purvachal
Ans. (c) Peninsula above (d) None of the
Ans. (c) Purvachal above
 Ans. Distinguish
between:3.
(ü) Ans.
(i) Ans,Mahendragiri
Answer (iKannad
v) Ans(.c)
) (e) (a) (c) (b) i) Ans(.c) (iü)
ofAverage increases
(a) Western (d) (c) (b) (a) Bhangar Bhabar What Mahendragiri Khasi
(d) Mudi
Anai(a)
The They along They Ghat, Bhor
etc.
crossed Deccanthe
TheyPlateau. Kanchenjunga(c) (b) The Northern Kannad
Circar Konkan
(d) Coromandel
(c) (b) (a) isThe
Western s
Thinodules It alluvium. It This the
hest Ghats is is is highest referredwestern
are the lie is always and is
following
the
m height
towardsthe Arabian
south.higher through are Ghats not known often is a
peak parallel continuous Western Ghats and much a Khadar narrow bhabar? peak to
is above highland coastal
as
between
is inSea. passes mark Eastern saturatedas Bhangar questions in
south to suited kankar. the belt the
Anai strip,
the only, and the of Eastern
Mudi 900 western Ghats for with
levelcomposed
the briefly.
and Western
eg., can
south
cultivation. of
with tom the flood Ganga Ghats
Pal calcareous(c) of
eight 1600 height onl y edge Go0a
coast(c) Ghat, plain. of is
m.(e) be of old
() (d) (b) |(a) |(d) ( b) (a)
The
Averageheight TheyBengal.BayofThey into have TheyPlateau. Deccan the Ans. (iv) Ans. (iüü) (iü)
Eastern fertile.
Itverydeposited.
isalluvium
It is alluvium.
It This Ans.
is is is
ghest
of ar e lie the been are ideal often flooded Lakshadweep
having
origin.
coral origin. coralName andMalwa andWhich
(c) (b) Himalayas
(a) Namefoothillsplain
increases
height along Bay is
discontinuous Ghats for the the Himalayas)
(Middle
The Himalayas) (Inner The
higher dissected EasternGhats characterised a the plateau plateau Himachal the covered
peak of lowland VindhyanVindhyan Physical
m is the
Bengal. intensive almost island Shiwaliks Greater fromthree of
mark Khadar the
e is 600towards m. ineastern with
islands lies lies Shiwaliks.
the by Features
tagiri
he the every group ranges?
range. Himalayas
or northmajor pebbles
the and agriculture. by composed between between (Outer Lesser
sea
thenorth eastern is to
coast rivers clay the of divisions
north. irregular year south. lies of
el. soil, island India Himalayas)
the Himalayas or India
and along draining the along
edge and of Himadri
with which having Aravali Aravali of
the the and new new group the the 111
of
 Ans.
Givean
3. Ans.
(e) (d) The(b)
(c) (a)India. 4.
(ii) divisions. The very cultivated (d) (c) (b)
intofavourable
(i)three With area.
Brahmaputra
It kmsq. Himalayas
depression sediments
and plains The (a) (v) (iii) () with /ogether
The Which with
Bengal. over tributaries. is waterfalls. with The e.g.. world. tary
WestandULtarGhaggarGanga are part
PunjabNorthern
productive long km.plains metres
snoWand This They mountains
parallel
ranges. The The Themajor
densely deposited Northern account Himalayas that
adequate Himalayas Mt. rock
of high region were Coastal
Peninsular arethe
Pradesh, the
formed of and The India. Everest, Many Himalayan
Relief physiographic of
he climate, spreads namely formed brought strata the
states andPlains tPlains Plains length theof peaks, formed of
populated 240 and Plains consists
of of
the Northern by part They representayouthful in the are Plains of Peninsularmajor
water km by throughout
cOvered
Mt. these
Bihar, Teesta of Indus covers of it of
over their the after from the Himalayan Mountains Plateau
extends of to the Northern Plains of gorges, due worldyoung physiographic
Haryana, IndiaIndia. is this anIndus, are of K, bed
agriculturally 320 tributaries. alluvial
Indiaare highest
peaks the to divisions
river
plains. the supply and plain area rivers the
the formed
etc. comprising plateau.
Jharkhand river, are uplift folding of
between km Ganga mountains deep fold
intensely are the Region
spread and western divided
broad. is of of
Delhi, They Tethys
and 2,400 lakh 7 of in by valleys
topography above and divisions
and the the peakstheof of India
its the of
a year.the sedimen-(b)
Sea. loftiest(a)several It Islands (vi)
The The(iv) (ii) are:
and 6000 of
Ans.(a) Ans. The
6. India?
(d) The(c) Desert
Indian
Northern
(b) (b) (b) (a)
(a) Write
(d) (c)
of
Nilgiris
etc.rounded
The Aravalis
long The
eg., breaking crystalline Contrast
tanagpur Highlands
It of north
include Highlans. Central enough
Luni
The TheRivers/streams and dunes
It Barchans
disappear the Indo-Pakistan Aravali The The
cover covered (iüi) rounded isa
north-west. is has short Peninsular period Peninsular Relief
hard Indian
Indian
rainy rainfall
hills Plains
bordered of
Part is arid are larger the east The
due up
of igneous high the
the withhills. notes area hills, the of of
Malwa and igneousNarmada of water season (crescent-shaped Brahmaputra of of to Peninsular of relief
in climate more desertDesert the tableland
These the only
the below on ofthe Plateau
broad timelarge India
plateau border part sand It is Gondwana land,
Plateau and of
The by to common. Assam.
Peninsular
plateau and Peninsular large sand. the Ganga the
highlands river reach appear
and with dunes.
of uneven
anlies
and Scale metamorphic
Central Aravali
metamorphic 150 following: represents un
madePlateau Himalayan
river longitudinal
scarce the to shallow bornwasby
to They soon mm plains.Plain eroSIOn
to is the the Plateau
are
the called
plateau only per desert. sand sandy
the range are inafterwardsdo vegetation west regn
cast. Highland this sea. ltlies valleys a andthe over rock
west madeCentral not during year. dunes) plains of covers to relio
torockS. River sand Near the the a
ti:
ly1ng area. have
up

Ans.
 ns.

7. Ans.
(i) (iii) (i)
() On Malabar ofare
Lakshadweep Andaman
Islands:
Lakshadweep
are (a) Islands
(b) (a)India (c)
Plateaus--Chotanagpur The Vindhya
Peaks-K, an the
Mountain located
of c)
outline dead has The a inand The west
Indian plateau The
coral coast southern the
Island
twoBaglhelkhand.eastward and
321 range, remains. in east Central
and map origin ofthe
and groups is
Desert,
Kanchenjunga,
Indian
The Parbat
Nanga Kerala. tributary is
Groups become
Lakshadweep Arabian Nicobar
islands
group drained locallyHighlands
Islands Desert the hill of formed
India (C) of extension
Western Aravali ranges Chotanagpur
Western The (b) groups
island
These isands of of bycalled narroW
Ghats
show Sea India
Ganga
Cardamom Mudi
Anai and by
These Damodar are
Vindhya
Range total of
Hills i.e.,
Range Ghats, namely: Bundelkhand the wider
Aravali Malwa the
Nanga and -thedeposition eastwards.
Plateau
Malwa
area islands west river.
Karakoram, the
following. plateau Malwa
Nagpur
Chota K? river, in
Plateu Lakshadweep Parbat
-Karakoram
Range Cardamom of of the
Kiometres
100
Range
Zaskar

and
10,000
Scalo 00
100

200 Anai the

300
Kanchenjunga very islandSomeranges
hills. climate city islands Andaman
he
(b) islands headquarters
tsanctuary.
000
bird TheThey islands
400
Islands. Zaskar,
KlamelresS00 Mudi. is Large raised
close of Pitti have are
and Port thethem
are projecting are
the portion
in and island, a 32
t to
to only
has
Blair. of located wide Physical
south-east are size is sq
Jaintia Patkai strategic Nicobar
Bum
Patkai thick an inkm.
active ofand of diversity
(e) volcanic inLakshadweep Kavaratti,
out theuninhabited Featurcs
forest
Bum,Experience are the
importance
Asia. submerged Island:
volcano. of of
origin more Bay
the cover. the flora
(d) administrative of
(a)
of island
Jaintia, sea islands.
and India
The numerous. (c) eg.mountain Bengal
equatorial as These
capital These Barren water. fauna.
it has 113
lies (d)
the at a