BUSINESS PROCESS MODEL 3.

Increase Control and Consistency TECHNIQUES USED IN BPM

• Organizations and companies that 1. Business Process Modelling

succeed ensure their business processes Notation (BPMN)
BUSINESS PROCESS MODELLING – Is the
and rules are well designed and that they 2. Unified Modelling Language (UML)
graphical representation of a company’s
are consistently applied the same way Diagrams
business processes or workflows, as a
every single time. This process of control 3. Flowcharts
means of identifying potential
and consistency is the key to success in 4. Data Flow Diagrams
improvements.
any organization. • Formalize existing 5. Role Activity Diagrams
processes which may not be well 6. Role Interaction Diagrams
documented or which have evolved over 7. Gantt Charts
IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS PROCESS time into “informal knowledge” 8. Colored Petri-nets
MODELLING 9. Workflow Technique
4. Improve Operation Efficiency.
1. ALIGN OPERATIONS NEW BUSINESS
STRATEGY • It helps spot needed improvements and
reduce process cycle time. • It increases
- Implementing or modifying a business the productivity of existing resources and
strategy usually requires changes to staff and so allows the team to do more
operations and people performing the with less. • It facilitates risk-free
work. experimentation and encourages the
2. IMPROVE PROCESS COMMUNICATION exchange of process improvement ideas.

- The area that distinguishes successful 5. Gain Competitive Advantage

businesses and teams is that they have a - All the benefits mentioned above lead to
very clear idea of what they are supposed a significant competitive advantage for an
to do, how they are supposed to do it and organization that has invested the time
what is the exact role of every team and effort to document, simulate and
member. improve its business processes.
FLOWCHARTS -These are methods and approaches used
to design, analyze, improve, and automate
-uses a sequential flow of actions and does
business processes. These techniques help
not support a breakdown of the activities.
streamline workflows, enhance efficiency, DOCUMENT FLOWCHARTS
The Flow Chart model is possibly the first
and ensure tasks are completed in the
process notation. It has frequently been - Describe the flow and procedures
most optimal order.
used over many years although there is no performed in those documents and
exact date for its origin. information between departments or
units. It shows the various documents
CLASSIFICATION OF FLOWCHARTS
involved in a system.
DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS(DFD) 1.Systems Flowchart
HARDWARE FLOWCHARTS
- Show the flow of data or information 2. Program Flowchart
- visually represents the flow and
from one place to another. DFDs describe
3.Document Flowchart interaction of different hardware
the processes showing how these
components within a system. It illustrates
processes link together through data 4.Hardware Flowchart
how data and signals move between
stores and how the processes relate to the
various hardware elements. It shows the
users and the outside world.
process of computers, printers, monitors,
SYSTEMS FLOWCHART input devices, and other hardware
-is a way of displaying how data flows in a elements associated with an information
GANTT CHART
system and how decisions are made to system
-relate a list of activities to a time scale. It control events. It gives the use a “big
is a project management tool that visually picture” look at an information system.
represents the timeline of a project,
showing the start and end dates of tasks, PROGRAM FLOWCHARTS
their duration, and dependencies between -Is a diagram that uses a set of standard
them. It’s widely used for tracking progress graphic symbols to represent the sequence
and ensuring that projects stay on of coded instructions fed into a computer,
schedule enabling it to perform specified logical and
WORKFLOW DIAGRAM arithmetical operations.
FLOWCHARTING SYMBOL
 SPOT INTERNAL CONTROL DEFICIENCIES -
a flowchart can enhance a risk analysis by
providing a concrete picture of an
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF accounting information system, making a CHARACTERISTICS OF DATA FLOW
USING FLOWCHARTS list of system risks exposures and analyze DIAGRAM
with those exposures in mind.
ADVANTAGES • DFD supports the analysis and
EFFICIENT DEVELOPMENT - - In the IT side, requirement stage of system design.
COMMUNICATION - flowcharts are better the flowcharts act as a guide or blueprint
way of communicating the logic or during the systems analysis and program • DFD is a diagramming technique with
business processes of an accounting development phase based in SDLC annotation.
information system to all the elements
• DFD describes a network of
concerned or involved.
activities/processes of the target system.
EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS - the problem can be DISADVANTAGES
• DFD allows the behaviors of parallel and
analyzed in more effective way therefore
COMPLEX LOGIC - flowchart can become asynchronous.
reducing cost and wastage of time.
complicated because of huge accounting
information systems in terms of processes. • DFD is a stepwise refinement through
PROPER DOCUMENTATION - Program,
It needs critical and analytical skills in hierarchical decomposition of processes.
System, Document, and hardware
flowcharts can be documented in a simple designing and creating this kind of
way because the flow or process is flowchart.
represented in visual graphics, which is
ALTERATIONS AND MODIFICATIONS - If
needed for various purposes, making
alterations are required the flowchart may
things more efficient.
require redesigning and re-drawing
OPPORTUNITIES IN IMPROVEMENTS - by completely. This will usually waste
designing and creating a document and valuable time
system flowcharts in creating the source
documents, organizations can include
redesigning the forms, increasing or
decreasing the number of particular forms
based in the flow.
 Four Rules of Thumb to Create DFD

FOUR MAIN ELEMENTS OF DATA FLOW 1.Each process should have at least one
DIAGRAM input and one output

1.External Entity 2.Each data store should have at least one

data flow in and data flow out
2.Process 3. DATA STORE - represents the storage of
persistent data required and/or produced 3.A system’s stored data must go through
3.Data Store
by the process. Here are some examples of a process
4.Data Flow data stores: membership forms, database
4.All processes in a DFD must link to
tables, etc.
1. EXTERNAL ENTITY - known as actors, another process or data store.
sources and terminators, external entities
produce and consume data that flows
between the entity and the system being
diagrammed. These data flows are the
inputs and outputs of the DFD.

4. DATA FLOW - represents the movement

of data between external entities,
processes and data stores is represented
with an arrow symbol, which indicates the
direction of flow.

2. PROCESS - it is an activity that changes

or transforms data flows. Since they
transform incoming data to outgoing data,
all processes must have inputs and
outputs on a DFD.