Model Question Paper

PHYSICS
Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 70

General instructions:
i. The question paper is divided into four sections.
ii. Section A: Q.No.1 contains Ten multiple choice type of questions carrying One mark each.
Q. No.2 contains Eight very short answer type of questions carrying One mark each.
iii. Section B: Q.No.3 to Q. No. 14 contains Twelve short answer type of questions carrying
Two marks each. (Attempt any Eight).

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iv. Section C: Q.No.15 to Q. No. 26 contains Twelve short answer type of questions carrying
Three marks each. (Attempt any Eight).
v. Section D: Q.No.27 to Q. No. 31 contains Five long answer type of questions carrying
Four marks each. (Attempt any Three).

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vi. Use of log table is allowed. Use of calculator is not allowed.
vii. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

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viii. For each MCQ, correct answer must be written along with its alphabet.
e.g., (a)...../ (b)..../ (c)..../ (d)..... Only first attempt will be considered for evaluation.
ix. Physical constants:
a.
b. Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s2
l ic
Latent heat of vaporisation, Lvap = 2256 kJ/kg

SECTION A
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Q.1. Select and write the correct answer: [10]

i. The length of a potentiometer wire is 10 m and a potential difference of 2 volt is applied to its ends.
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If the length of wire is increased by 1 m, the value of potential gradient in volt/m will be
(A) 0.18 (B) 0.22 (C) 1.3 (D) 0.9

ii. The moment of inertia of a ring of mass 5 gram and radius 1 cm about an axis passing through
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its edge and parallel to its natural axis is

(A) 5 g cm2 (B) 2.5 g cm2 (C) 20 g cm2 (D) 10 g cm2

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iii. A circular coil of 100 turns with a cross-sectional area (A) of 0.5 m2 is kept with its plane
perpendicular to the magnetic field (B) of 4 T. What is the magnetic flux linkage with the coil?
(A) 400 Wb (B) 100 Wb (C) 50 Wb (D) 200 Wb
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iv. In a moving coil galvanometer, we use a radial magnetic field so that the galvanometer
scale is
(A) linear (B) algebraic (C) logarithmic (D) exponential

v. In any type of transistor, main function of emitter is to supply _______ .

(A) majority charge carriers to base
(B) minority charge carriers to base
(C) both majority and minority charge carriers to base
(D) neither (A) nor (B)

vi. For hydrogen gas CP = 4000 cal/kg K and CV = 3000 cal/kg K and R = 8300 J/k mol K.
The value of J will be [mol. wt. of H2 = 2]
(A) 4.18 (B) 4.17 (C) 4.16 (D) 4.15
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 
Std. XII Sci.: Perfect Physics 2

vii. Condenser is a device used to store

(A) large potential at low charge. (B) low potential at low charge.
(C) large charge at low potential. (D) large charge at large potential.

viii. At resonance, the voltage and current are

(A) out of phase by . (B) different in phase by /2.
(C) different in phase by /4. (D) in phase

ix. The composition of an -particle can be expressed as

(A) 1p + 1n (B) 1p + 2n (C) 2p + 1n (D) 2p + 2n

x. If the frequency of incident light falling on a photosensitive material is doubled, then the
kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectron will be

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(A) same as its initial value. (B) two times its initial value.
(C) more than two times its initial value. (D) less than two times its initial value.

Q.2. Answer the following: [8]

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i. Define mean value of A.C.

ii. In equation of S.H.M., y = A sin (kx –  t). What is the S. I. unit of the term ‘k’?

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iii. The half life of radium is 1600 years. Find the fraction of a sample of radium that would remain
after 6400 years.

iv.
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What will be the direction of angular displacement and angular velocity, if angular acceleration
is constant and is along the axis of rotation?

v. In a common-base connection, a certain transistor has an emitter current of 11 mA and collector

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current of 10.7 mA. Calculate the value of the base current.
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vi. State principle of moving coil galvanometer (M.C.G.)

vii. What will happen to the mean square speed of the molecules of a gas if the temperature of the
gas decreases?
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viii. Calculate the polarizing angle for water. [n = 1.33]

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SECTION B

Attempt any Eight: [16]

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Q.3. At what distance from the mean position is the kinetic energy of a particle performing S.H.M.
of amplitude 8 cm, three times its potential energy?

Q.4. When 1010 electrons are transferred from one conductor to another, a potential difference of
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10 V appears between the conductors. Find the capacitance between the two conductors.

Q.5. Define the following terms.

i. Range of molecular attraction.
ii. Sphere of influence.

Q.6. Explain, on the basis of kinetic theory, how the pressure of gas changes if its volume is reduced
at constant temperature.

Q.7. State Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction.

Q.8. On what factors, does the frequency of a conical pendulum depend? Is it independent of some
factors?

Q.9. An object is illuminated by light of wavelength 5000 Å and observed by microscope in air.
Calculate resolving power of microscope if semi-vertical angle is 30.
 
3 Model Question Paper

Q.10. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a magnetic field.

Q.11 Calculate the binding energy of an alpha particle given its mass to be 4.00151 u.

Q.12. State and explain the principle of superposition of waves.

Q.13. Explain resultant magnetic moment of an atom with the help of Pauli’s exclusion principle.

Q.14. Calculate the emitter current for which IB = 20 A,  = 100

SECTION C

Attempt any Eight: [24]

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Q.15. Explain in detail about the equation of a stationary wave on a stretched string.

Q.16. An aeroplane is flying in the sky with a speed of 360 km/hr in a vertical circle of radius 200 m.
The weight of the pilot sitting in it is 75 kg. What is the force with which the pilot presses his

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seat when the aeroplane is
i. at the highest position? ii. at the lowest position of the circle?

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Q.17. What is series LCR resonant circuit? State conditions for series resonance. Obtain an expression
for resonant frequency.
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Q.18. Explain the fall of liquid level in case of mercury in glass capillary.

Q.19. Discuss the maximum and minimum values of displacement, velocity and acceleration of a
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particle performing linear S.H.M.
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Q.20. The maximum value of permeability of a metal (77% Ni, 16% Fe, 5% Cu, 2% Cr) is 0.126 T mA–1.
Find the maximum relative permeability and susceptibility.

Q.21. Explain the variation of temperature according to Prevost’s theory of heat exchange.
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Q.22. In a biprism experiment, the fringes are observed in the focal plane of the eyepiece at a distance
of 1.5 m from the slit. The distance between the central band and 15th dark band is 3 mm.
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When a convex lens is interposed between the biprism and the eyepiece at a distance of
112.5 cm from the eyepiece, the distance between two magnified virtual images is found to be
1.125 cm. Find the wavelength of light used.
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Q.23. A Carnot engine receives 5 kJ of heat from a reservoir at 227 C, does some work, and rejects
some heat to a reservoir at 77 C.
i. How much heat is rejected?
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ii. How much work does it do?

iii. What is its efficiency?

Q.24. Define the following terms:

i. Excitation energy of an electron in an atom
ii. Binding energy of an electron in an atom
iii. Dark resistance of a photodiode

Q.25. Obtain an expression for electric field intensity due to an infinitely long straight charged wire
or charged conducting cylinder.

Q.26. A current 10 A in the primary of a transformer is reduced to zero at the uniform rate in
0.1 second. If the coefficient of mutual inductance be 3 H, what is the e.m.f induced in the
secondary and change in the magnetic flux per turn in the secondary if it has 50 turns?
 
Std. XII Sci.: Perfect Physics 4

SECTION D

Attempt any Three: [12]

Q.27. i. State and explain Newton’s law of viscosity.
ii. The width of plane incident wavefront is found to be doubled on refraction in denser
medium. If it makes an angle of 65 with the normal, calculate the refractive index for
the denser medium.
Q.28. i. Why is potentiometer preferred over a voltmeter for measuring emf?
ii. Determine the current flowing through the galvanometer (G) as shown in the figure.
B
5 10 
I1

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2A A 2A
G 10 
I2 C
15  20 
D

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Q.29. Describe the experimental set-up for a photoelectric effect with the help of neat and labelled
schematic diagram.
Q.30. i. Derive an expression for the self-inductance of a toroid of circular cross-section of radius

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r and major radius R.
ii. Calculate the self inductance (L) of toroid for major radius (R) = 30 cm, cross-section of
toroid having radius (r) = 1.5 cm and the number of turns (n) =1200.
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Q.31. Draw a p-V diagram and explain the concept of positive and negative work. Give one example
each.
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 Model Answer Paper
PHYSICS

Note: Answer to every section must be written on a new page.

SECTION A

Q.1. i. (A) 0.18 [1 Mark]

2
ii. (D) 10 g cm [1 Mark]
iii. (D) 200 Wb [1 Mark]

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Explanation: N = NBA = 100  4  0.5 = 200 Wb
iv. (A) linear [1 Mark]
v. (A) majority charge carriers to base [1 Mark]

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vi. (D) 4.15 [1 Mark]
vii. (C) large charge at low potential [1 Mark]

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viii. (D) in phase [1 Mark]
ix. (D) 2p + 2n lic [1 Mark]
x. (C) more than two times its initial value. [1 Mark]

Q.2. i. Average or mean value of A.C. is the average of all values of the voltage (or current)
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over one half cycle. [1 Mark]
ii. S. I. unit of the term k (wave number) is rad s-1. [1 Mark]
iii. The fraction of sample that is left after disintegration is,
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t 6400
n 4
N(t) 1 1 T 1 1600  1  1
=   =   =   =  = [1 Mark]
N0 2 2 2 2 16
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
iv. If the angular acceleration  is constant and is along the axis of rotation, then all
  
θ , ω and  will be directed along the same axis. [1 Mark]
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v. For a common base connection, IE = IB + IC

 IB = IE  IC = 11  10.7 = 0.3 mA [1 Mark]

vi. Principle of M.C.G: When a coil carrying an electric current is suspended in a

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uniform magnetic field, a torque acts on it. This torque tends to rotate the coil about
the axis of suspension so that the magnetic flux passing through the coil is maximum.
[1 Mark]
3RT
vii. The mean square speed of the molecules of the gas is, v2 
M0

 v2  T

Hence, the mean square speed of molecules of the gas decreases in same proportion
with the decrease in temperature. [1 Mark]
viii. B = tan1 (1.33) = 533’ [1 Mark]

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 

Std. XII Sci.: Perfect Physics 6

SECTION B

Q.3. Solution:
Given: A = 8 cm, K.E. = 3 P.E.

To find: Distance (x)

1 1
Formulae: i. KE = mω2 (A2  x 2 ) ii. PE = mω2x 2
2 2

Calculation: Given: KE = 3 PE
1 1

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mω2 (A2  x 2 ) = 3  mω2x 2 …. [From formula (i) and (ii)]
2 2

 4x2 = A2

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A 8 cm
 x= = = 4 cm
2 2

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Ans: Distance from the mean position where the kinetic energy is thrice of potential
energy is 4 cm. [2 Marks]

Q.4. Solution:
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Given: n = 1010 electrons, V = 10 V
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To find: Capacitance of conductors
Q
Formulae: i. Q = ne ii. C=
V
Calculation: From formula (i)
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Q = 1010 × 1.6 × 1019 ….(∵ e = 1.6 × 1019 C)

= 1.6 × 109 C
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From formula (ii)

1.6 ×109
C= = 1.6 × 1010 F
10
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Ans: The capacitance between the two conductors is 1.6 × 1010 F.

[2 Marks]
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Q.5. i. Range of molecular attraction:

The maximum distance from molecule upto which the molecular force is effective is
called the range of molecular attraction.

ii. Sphere of influence:

An imaginary sphere with a molecule at its centre and radius equal to the molecular

range is called the sphere of influence of the molecule.

[2 Marks]
 
7 Model Answer Paper

Q.6. i. Suppose, P = pressure exerted by the gas

V = volume of the gas

N = number of molecules of the gas
m = mass of each molecule of the gas
 Total mass of the gas, M = mN

1 mN 2
ii. From kinetic theory of gases, P = v
3 V

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 Pressure exerted by a gas in an enclosed vessel,
2 N 1 2
P= mv 
3 V  2

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

1
iii. But, m v 2 = K.E = constant for all the gases at a given temperature.
2

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N = number of molecules which is constant for a given mass of the gas.
constant
 P= ic
V

1
 P
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V
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Hence, at constant temperature, pressure of the gas is increased if its volume is

reduced. [2 Marks]
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Q.7. i. First law: Whenever there is a change in the magnetic flux associated with a coil, an
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e.m.f is induced in the coil. It is known as a qualitative law as it indicates the

characteristics of induced emf.
ii. Second law: The magnitude of the induced e.m.f is directly proportional to the rate
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of change of magnetic flux through the coil. It is known as a quantitative law as it

gives the magnitude of induced emf. [2 Marks]
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Q.8. i. Frequency of conical pendulum depends on following factors:

a. Length of pendulum (L): Frequency of conical pendulum increases with decrease
in length of pendulum.
1
i.e., n 
L

b. Acceleration due to gravity (g): Frequency of conical pendulum increases with

increase in g. i.e., n  g
 

Std. XII Sci.: Perfect Physics 8

c. Angle of inclination (): As  increases, cos  decreases, hence, frequency of

conical pendulum increases with increase in .
1
i.e., n  (For 0 <  < )
cos 

ii. Frequency at conical pendulum is independent of mass of the bob. [2 Marks]

Q.9. Solution:
Given:  = 5000 Å = 5  10 - 7 m, n = 1,  = 30º

ns
To find: Resolving power of microscope (R.P.)
2n sin 
Formula: R.P. =


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Calculation: From formula,
2  1  sin30 1
R.P. = =  107
5  10 7 5

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 R.P. = 2  106 m-1
Ans: The resolving power of microscope is 2  106 m-1. [2 Marks]
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Q.10. i. Changing magnetic flux in a coil causes an induced emf.
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ii. The induced emf so produced opposes the change and hence the energy has to be
spent to overcome it to build up the magnetic field.
iii. This energy may be recovered as heat in a resistance of the circuit.
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dI
iv. The induced emf is given as, e = L
dt
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v. The work done in moving a charge dq against this emf is,

dI dI  dq
dW = edq = L dq = L
dt dt
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 dq 
 dW = L I dI ….  = I
 dt 
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Therefore total work,

I
1
W =  dW =  LIdI = LI2 = UB ….(1)
0 2

vi. Equation (1) gives the energy stored (UB) in magnetic field and is analogous to the
energy stored (UE) in the electric field in a capacitor. [2 Marks]

Q.11. Solution:
Given: m = 4.00151 u,
938.281 MeV
mp = 1.00728 u =
c2
 
9 Model Answer Paper

939.567.MeV
mn = 1.00866 u =
c2 .

MeV
We know that 1 u = 931.5
c2
To find: Binding energy of an alpha particle
Formula: EB = (M)c2
Calculation: Here, M = (Zmp + Nmn - M)
=  2mp + 2mn - mα 

ns
From formula,
EB = [2mp + 2mn – m]c2
= [(2  938.281) + (2  939.567) – (4.00151  931.5)]

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= 28.289 MeV
Ans: Binding energy of alpha particle is 28.289 MeV. [2 Marks]

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Q.12. i. Principle: When two or more waves, travelling through a medium, pass through a common
point, each wave produces its own displacement at that point, independent of the
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presence of the other wave. The resultant displacement at that point is equal to the
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vector sum of the displacements due to the individual wave at that point.
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ii. As displacement is a vector, the individual displacements are added by considering
their directions.
iii. There is no change in the shape and nature of individual waves due to superposition of waves.
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iv. This principle applies to all types of waves like sound waves, light waves, waves on a string
etc. [2 Marks]
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Q.13. i. Resultant magnetic moment of an atom is vector sum of orbital magnetic moment and
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spin magnetic moment of electron.

ii. According to Pauli’s exclusion principle, ‘no two electrons can have the same set of
quantum numbers viz., n, l, ml and ms defining a state.
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iii. Therefore, the resultant magnetic dipole moment for the atom with paired electrons in
the same state, defined by n, l, and ml, will be zero.
iv. The atom with odd number of electrons in its outermost orbit will possess non-zero
resultant magnetic moment.
v. The inner orbits are completely filled and hence do not contribute to the total
magnetic moment of atom. [2 Marks]
 

Std. XII Sci.: Perfect Physics 10

Q.14. Solution:

Given:  = 100, IB = 20 A
To find: Emitter current (IE)
IC
Formulae: i.  = ii. IE = IB + IC
IB

Calculation: From formula (i),

IC = 100  20 = 2000 A
From formula (ii),

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 IE = 20 + 2000 = 2020 A
= 2.02  103 A = 2.02 mA
Ans: The value of the emitter current is 2.02 mA. [2 Marks]

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SECTION C

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Q.15. i The equation of a stationary wave is given as,
y = A sint ic
2πx
where, A = 2a cos

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ii. The terms in position x and time t appear separately and not as a combination
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[2π (nt ± x/λ)].
Hence, the wave is not a progressive wave. x is present only in the expression for
the amplitude.
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2πx
iii. The amplitude of the resultant wave is given as A = 2a cos . It is a periodic

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function of x i.e., the amplitude is varying periodically in space.

iv. The amplitudes are different for different particles but each point on the string
oscillates with the same frequency  (same as that of the individual progressive
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wave).
v. All the particles of the string pass through their mean positions simultaneously
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twice during each vibration.

vi. The string as a whole is vibrating with frequency  with different amplitudes at
different points.
vii. The wave is not moving either to the left or to the right. Such a wave is stationary
wave or a standing wave.
viii. Particles move so fast that the visual effect is formation of loops.
ix. It is therefore customary to represent stationary waves as loops. In case of a string

tied at both the ends, loops are seen when a stationary wave is formed because each

progressive wave on a string is a transverse wave. [3 Marks]

 
11 Model Answer Paper

Q.16. Solution:
5
Given: v = 360 km/hr = 360  m/s = 100 m/s, r = 200 m, m = 75 kg
18

To find: i. Force exerted by pilot at highest position (TH)

ii. Force exerted by pilot at lowest position (TL)
mvH2 mvL2
Formulae: i. TH = – mg ii. TL = + mg
r r

Calculation: From formula (i),

 vH2 

ns
TH = m  – g
 r 
 100 2 
= 75   – 9.8 
 200 

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 
 10000 
= 75   – 9.8 
 200 

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= 75 (50 – 9.8) = 75  40.2
 TH = 3015 N
From formula (ii),

TL = m 
 vL2 
+ g
ic
 r
l

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 100 2 
= 75   + 9.8 
 200 
 
TL = 75 (50 + 9.8) = 75  59.8 = 4485 N
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Ans: i. The force exerted by the pilot on his seat when the aeroplane is at the
highest position is 3015 N.
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ii. The force exerted by the pilot on his seat at the lowest position of the
circle is 4485 N.

[3 Marks]
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Q.17. i. A circuit in which inductance L, capacitance C and

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L C R
resistance R are connected in series and the circuit
admits maximum current corresponding to a given
frequency of AC, is called a series resonance circuit.
ii. The impedance (Z) of an LCR circuit is given by,

e = e0 sin t
2
Z= 
R2 +  L 
1  Figure (a)

 C 

iii. At very low frequencies, inductive reactance XL = ωL is negligible but capacitive

1
reactance XC = is very high.
C

iv. As we increase the applied frequency then XL increases and XC decreases.

 

Std. XII Sci.: Perfect Physics 12

v. At some angular frequency (ωr), XL = XC

1
i.e., rL =
rC
1 1
 (r)2 = or (2fr)2 =
LC LC
1
 2fr =
LC
1
 fr =
2 LC

Where fr is called the resonant frequency.

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vi. At this particular frequency fr, since XL = XC we get Z = R 2 + 0 = R. This is the least
value of Z.
vii. Thus, when the impedance of an LCR circuit is minimum, circuit is said to be purely

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e0 e
resistive, current and voltage are in phase and hence the current i0 = = 0 is
Z R
maximum. This condition of the LCR circuit is called resonance condition and this

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frequency is called series resonant frequency. [3 Marks]

Q.18. i. Consider a capillary tube dipped in a liquid which does not wet the surface
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(mercury).

ii. The shape of mercury meniscus in the capillary is upper convex.

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iii. Consider four points as shown in the figure. Point A is just above the convex surface
inside the capillary. B is just below the convex surface inside the capillary. C is just
above the plane surface outside the capillary. D is just below the plane surface
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outside the capillary and is at the same horizontal level as that of B.

C A
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D B
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Capillary in mercury before drop in level

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iv. Let PA, PB, PC, and PD be the values of the pressures at the points A, B, C, and D
respectively.
Since, the pressure on the concave side is always greater than that on the convex side.

 PB > PA
v. As the points A and C are at the same level, the pressure at both these points is the
same, and it is the atmospheric pressure.
 PA = PC .…(1)
Between the points C and D, the surface is plane.
 PC = PD = PA .…(2)
 PB > PD
 
13 Model Answer Paper

vi. But the points B and D are at the same horizontal level. Thus, in order to maintain the
same pressure, the mercury in the capillary rushes out of the capillary. Because of this,
there is a drop in the level of mercury inside the capillary.

C A

D B

Capillary in mercury, drop in level [3 Marks]

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Q.19. i. The general expression for displacement ‘x’ in S.H.M. is x = A sin (t + )

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a. At the mean position, (t + ) = 0 or 
 xmin = 0

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Thus, at the mean position, the displacement of the particle performing S.H.M.
is minimum (i.e. zero).

At the extreme position, (t + ) =  or 3 

b.

 x =  A sin 
l ic 2 2

2
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 xmax =  A
Thus, at the extreme position the displacement of the particle performing
S.H.M. is maximum.
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ii. The magnitude of velocity of the particle performing S.H.M. is given by,
v =   A2  x 2
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a. At the mean position, x = 0

 vmax =  A
Thus, the velocity of the particle in S.H.M. is maximum at the mean position.
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b. At the extreme position, x =  A.

 vmin = 0
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Thus, the velocity of the particle in S.H.M. is minimum at the extreme positions.
iii. The magnitude of the acceleration of the particle in S.H.M is given by, a = ω2x
a. At the mean position (x = 0),
 amin = 0

Thus, the acceleration of the particle in S.H.M. is minimum at the mean position.
b. At the extreme positions (x =  A),
 amax =  ω2A
Thus, the acceleration of the particle in S.H.M. is maximum at the extreme position.
[3 Marks]
 

Std. XII Sci.: Perfect Physics 14

Q.20. Solution:
Given:  = 0.126 T mA1
To find: Relative permeability (r),
Susceptibility ()

Formulae: i. r =
0

ii. r = 1 + 

Calculation: From formula (i),

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0.126
r =
4 107

= 1.0 105

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From formula (ii),
 = r  1

at
 = 1.0  105  1
  = 99.99  103
Ans: i. The relative permeability is 1.0  105.
ic
ii. The susceptibility is 99.99  103. [3 Marks]
l
ub
Q.21. i. The average translational kinetic energy determines the temperature of the body.
ii. According to theory of heat exchange, all the bodies above 0 K absorb radiations
from the surroundings.
P

iii. For a body, the absorbed radiation (being energy) increases the kinetic energy of the
constituent atoms oscillating about their mean positions.
et

iv. The absorbed radiation therefore causes a rise in the temperature of the body.
v. The body itself also radiates, therefore its energy decreases, causing lowering of
temperature.
rg

vi. If a body radiates more than it absorbs, its temperature decreases and if the body
absorbs more than it radiates, then the temperature of the body increases.
Ta

vii. When the rate of absorption of radiation is same as the rate of emission of radiation,
the temperature of the body remains constant and the body is said to be in thermal
equilibrium with its surroundings. This means, all bodies radiate as well as absorb
radiation also at room temperature, but their rate of emission and rate of absorption
are same, hence their temperature remains constant.
It can be inferred from this, that hot bodies would radiate more than cooler bodies.
[3 Marks]
 
15 Model Answer Paper

Q.22. Solution:
Given: D = 1.5 m, y15 = 3 mm = 3  103 m,
v = 112.5 cm,
u = D  v = 150  112.5 = 37.5 cm,
d1 = 1.125 cm

To find: Wavelength of light ()

d1u
Formulae i. d=
v
 1  D D
ii. yn =  n   = (2n  1)
2 d 2d

ns

Calculation: From formula (i),
1.125 × 37.5
d =
112.5

io
= 0.375 cm
= 3.75  103 m

at
From formula (ii),
 ×1.5
y15
 = [2(15)  1]
2×3.75×10-3

 3  103 =
29  1.5  
2  3.75  10 3
ic
3 ×10-3 ×2 ×3.75 ×10-3
l
  =
29 ×1.5
ub
= 5.1724  10–7 m
 5172 Å
Ans: The wavelength of light used is approximately 5172 Å. [3 Marks]
P

Q.23. Given: QH = 5 kJ = 5000 J, TH = 227 C = 500 K, TC = 77 C = 350 K

et

To find: i. Heat rejected by heat engine (QC)

ii. Work done by engine (W)
iii. Efficiency of engine ()
rg

QC TC
Formulae: i. = ii. W = QH - QC
QH TH
Ta

TC W
iii. =1 iv. =
TH QH

Calculation: From formula (i),

TC
QC =  QH
TH

The negative sign indicates that heat is rejected by the working substance.
 350 
 QC =  (5000)   = 3500 J
 500 

From formula (ii)

W = |5000|  |3500| = 1500 J
 

Std. XII Sci.: Perfect Physics 16

From formula (iii)

350 500 -350 150
=1 = =
500 500 500
= 0.30 = 30%
Ans: i. The heat rejected by the engine is 3500 J.
ii. Work done by engine is 1500 J.
iii. The efficiency of Carnot engine is 30%. [3 Marks]

Q.24. i. Excitation energy of an electron: The energy required to take an electron from the

ns
ground state to an excited state is called the excitation energy of the electron in

that state.
ii. Binding energy of an electron: Binding energy of an electron is the minimum energy

io
required to make it free from the nucleus.
iii. Dark resistance of a photodiode: Dark resistance of a photodiode (Rd) is defined as

at
the ratio of the maximum reverse voltage and its dark current. It is the resistance of
a photodiode when it is not illuminated.
Maximum reverse voltage ic
Rd = [3 Marks]
Dark current
l
Q.25. i. Consider a uniformly charged wire of infinite length having a constant linear charge
ub
density  (charge per unit length), kept in a medium of permittivity ( = 0k).
ii. By Gauss’ theorem, the net flux through a closed surface,
q
= (for air/vacuum k = 1) ….(1)
0
P

where q is the total charge inside the closed surface.

iii. To find the electric field intensity at P, at a distance r from the charged wire,
et

imagine a coaxial Gaussian cylinder of length l and radius r (closed at each end by
plane caps normal to the axis) passing through the point P as shown in figure below.
rg

Consider a very small area ds at the point P on the Gaussian surface.

R
Ta


r P ds 
l E
d
Guassian Surface

Infinitely long straight charged wire (cylinder)

iv. By symmetry, the magnitude of the electric field will be the same at all the points on the
curved surface of the cylinder and will be directed radially outward. The angle between

 

the direction of E and the normal to the surface of the cylinder  ds  is zero
 
i.e., cos = 1
 
 E ds = Eds cos = Eds
 
17 Model Answer Paper

Flux d through the area ds, d = Eds

Total electric flux through the Gaussian surface
 
=  E × ds =  Eds = E ds
  = E × 2rl ….(2)
q
v. From equations (1) and (2), = E × 2rl

Since  = q , q = l
l
l
 = E2rl
0

ns

E=
20r

The direction of the electric field E is directed outward if  is positive and inward if  is

io
negative. [3 Marks]

at
Q.26. Solution:
Given: IP1 = 10 A, IP2 = 0 A, dt = 0.1 s, NS = 50, M = 3 H
To find: i. e.m.f. induced (eS) ic
ii. Change in magnetic flux per turn(dS)
dIp
l
Formula: eS = M
dt
ub

Calculation: Since,
dIp 0 -10
= = 100 A
P

dt 0.1

From formula,
et

eS = 3  100 = 300 V
The e.m.f induced in the secondary is given by,
dfS
rg

|eS| = NS
dt
eS dt 300 × 0.1
 dS = = = 0.6 Wb
NS 50
Ta

Ans: i. The e.m.f induced in the secondary is 300 V.

ii. The change in the magnetic flux per turn in the secondary is 0.6 Wb.
[3 Marks]

SECTION D

Q.27. i. Statement: For streamline flow, the viscous force acting on any layers is directly
proportional to
a. area of the layer (A)
b. velocity gradient (dv/dx)
 

Std. XII Sci.: Perfect Physics 18

ii. Explanation:
Let A be the area of layer parallel to the direction of flow and |dv/dx| be the
velocity gradient, then the viscous force F is given by,
FA .…(1)
dv
F .…(2)
dx

Combining equations (1) and (2) we have,

 dv   dv 
FA   F=A  
 dx   dx 

ns
where  = constant called coefficient of viscosity of the liquid which depends upon

the nature of the liquid. [2 Marks]

io
ii. Given: i = 65.
Let AB and CD be width of incident and refracted wavefronts respectively.

at
 CD = 2AB

To find: Refractive index (n)

cosi AB ic sin i
Formulae: i.  ii. n=
cosr CD sin r

Calculation: From formula (i),

l
ub
cos 65 AB

cosr 2AB

0.4226 1

cosr 2
P

cos r = 0.845
 r = 3216’
et

From formula (ii),

sin 65 0.9063
n= = = 1.697
sin (3216) 0.5339
rg

Ans: The refractive index for the denser medium is 1.697. [2 Marks]
Ta

Q.28. i. Potentiometer is preferred over a voltmeter due to following reasons:

a. Potentiometer is more sensitive than a voltmeter.
b. A potentiometer can be used to measure a potential difference as well as an
emf of a cell. A voltmeter always measures terminal potential difference, and
as it draws some current, it cannot be used to measure an emf of a cell.
c. Measurement of potential difference or emf is very accurate in the case of a
potentiometer. A very small potential difference of the order 10–6 volt can be
measured with it. Least count of a potentiometer is much better compared to that
of a voltmeter. [2 Marks]
 
19 Model Answer Paper

ii. Solution:
Let I1 and I2 be the current through AB and AD.
To find current through galvanometer Ig,
Applying Kirchhoff’s 2nd law to loop ABDA,
 5I1  10 Ig + 15 I2 = 0
  I1  2Ig + 3I2 = 0 ….(i)
nd
Applying Kirchhoff’s 2 law to loop BCDB,
10 (I1  Ig) + 20 (I2 + Ig) + 10 Ig = 0

 10I1 + 10Ig + 20I2 + 20 Ig + 10Ig = 0

ns
 10I1 + 20I2 + 40Ig = 0

 I1 + 2I2 + 4Ig = 0 ….(ii)

io
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get,
I2 = 6Ig ….(iii)

at
From equations (ii) and (iii), we have,
I1 + 2(6Ig) + 4Ig = 0
 I1 + 12 Ig + 4Ig = 0 ic
 I1 = 16Ig ….(iv)

Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we have ,

l
ub
I1 + I2 = 6Ig + 16Ig
 I1 + I2 = 22Ig
 2 = 22 Ig ….( I1 + I2 = 2)
2 1 1
P

 Ig = = = A
22 11 11

1
et

Ans: The current through the galvanometer is A. [2 Marks]

11

Q.29. i. A laboratory experimental set-up for

rg

S
the photoelectric effect consists of an (Photosensitive) Quartz window
evacuated glass tube with a quartz Emitter plate Electrons
Collector plate
Ta

window.
ii. The glass tube contains photosensitive E C
metal plates. One is the emitter E and
Commutator
another plate is the collector C.
µA
iii. The emitter and collector are
V
connected to a voltage source whose
voltage can be changed and to an Variable potential source
ammeter to measure the current in the Schematic of experimental set-up
for photoelectric effect
circuit.
 

Std. XII Sci.: Perfect Physics 20

iv. A potential difference of V, as measured by the voltmeter, is maintained between the

emitter E and collector C. Generally, C (the anode) is at a positive potential with
respect to the emitter E (the cathode).This potential difference can be varied and C
can even be at negative potential with respect to E.
v. When the anode potential (V) is positive, it accelerates the electrons. This potential
is called accelerating potential. When the anode potential (V) is negative, it retards
the flow of electrons. This potential is known as retarding potential.

vi. A source S of monochromatic light of sufficiently high frequency

(short wavelength ≤ 10–7 m) is used. [4 Marks]

ns
0Ni
Q.30. i. The magnetic field inside a toroid, B =
2r

io
where N = number of turns and r is the distance from the toroid axis.

at
As r << R, magnetic field (B) in the cavity of toroid is uniform and can be written as,
0 Ni
B=
2 R ic
The magnetic flux () passing through cavity that links each turn is,
0 Ni  Nir2
 = BA = (r2) = 0
l
2 R 2R
ub
When the current i varies with time, the induced emf e across the terminals of toroid
is given by Faraday’s law.
Nd d   Nir2 
e=  N  0
P


dt dt  2R 

  0Nr2  di
e = N  
 2R  dt
et

di
Comparing with e =  L
dt
rg

We get,
 0 N2r2
L= ….(r << R) [2 Marks]
2 R
Ta

ii. Solution:
Given: N = 1200, r = 1.5 cm = 1.5  102 m, R = 30 cm = 30  102m,
μ0 = 4π × 107 Tm/A
To find: Self inductance (L)
 0 N2r2
Formula: L=
2 R
Calculation: From formula,
4 ×3.142 ×10 7 × 1200  × 1.5 ×10 2 
2 2

L= = 6.79 × 104 H
2 × 30 ×10-2

Ans: The self inductance of the toroid is 6.79 × 104 H. [2 Marks]

 
21 Model Answer Paper

Q.31. i. A gas confined to a cylinder with a movable, frictionless, and massless piston can be
expanded with varying pressure or it can be compressed with varying pressure. It can
also expand at constant pressure.

ii. Figure (a) shows expansion of the gas at p

constant temperature. Its volume increases 1
p1
due to outward displacement of the piston and
the pressure of the gas decreases. The work
p2 2
done by the gas in this case is given by,

ns
V V
f f
W=  dW =  pdV
V V
i i
V1 V V2
As dV> 0, the work done is positive.

io
Figure (a)

at
iii. Similarly, figure (b) shows compression due p
2
to inward displacement of the piston. The p2

pressure of the gas is increased and the

ic p1 1
work done by the gas is now negative as
volume is decreased.
l
ub
V2 V V1
Figure (b)
P

iv. For example:

a. When the milk is boiled, it expands and does work on the surrounding. This is
et

the positive work done by the milk on the surrounding.

b. In the compression of a spring, considering spring to be system, the work is

done on the system. Thus, its volume decreases and the work done is negative.
rg

[4 Marks]
Ta