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Lesson-17-Analysis of Functions I Increasing, Decreasing and Concavity

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42 views14 pages

Lesson-17-Analysis of Functions I Increasing, Decreasing and Concavity

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paulbenbencb712
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Lesson 17

ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONS I:
INCREASING, DECREASING
Y
AND CONCAVITY
*
negative
positive Slope
slope
OBJECTIVES:
•To define increasing and decreasing functions.
•To define concavity and direction of bending that is
concave upward or concave downward.
•To determine the point of inflection.
INCREASING and DECREASING FUNCTIONS

The term increasing, decreasing, and constant are


used to describe the behavior of a function as we
travel left to right along its graph. An example is shown
below.
stoper
s
man =o
tre
tansitive
a

easite
/
·

-
on
of the
e
/111161//1
increasing decreasing increasing constant

tangent 0 2 4
The following definition, which is illustrated in Figure
4.1.2, expresses these intuitive ideas precisely.
⑧
f(x) >0
·
xf ( . ) o

·Xf'Ina)
f(x)
<o
y y

 


x x
Each tangent line Each tangent line
has positive slope; y has negative slope;
function is increasing function is decreasing
 

x
Each tangent line
Has zero slope,
function is constant
f(x) 2
W ·

I CONCAVITY -
see

f(xz)
N27x

fike Ne xi
⑧
f'Cx , )
-
increasing
⑧
Although the sign of the derivative of f reveals where the graph slope :

I of f is increasing or decreasing , it does not reveal the direction if x27 1 ,

N of the curvature. then

N23 21
Figure 4.1.8 suggests two ways to characterize the concavity f(x) - f(x)
and
of a differentiable f on an open interval: -
-

(concave up)
f((x ) f(x)
• f is concave up on an open interval if its tangent lines have
,

then we increasing slopes on that interval and is concave down if they decreasing
have have decreasing slopes. stoper
a decreasing• f is concave up on an open interval if its graph lies above the its

slope .

tangent line and concave down if it lies below its tangent lines.
--
-

-> concave daven


y y


   
concave up

   
concave down

x x
increasing slopes decreasing slopes
Formal definition of the “concave up” and “concave
down” .
Since the slopes of the tangent lines to the graph of a
differentiable function f are the values of its derivative f’, it
follows from Theorem 4.1.2 (applied to f’ rather than f ) that f’ will
be increasing on intervals where f’’ is positive and that f’ will be
decreasing on intervals where f’’ is negative. Thus we have the
following theorem.

f"(u) of
gen
talks about the variation

peet
INFLECTION POINTS

The points where the curve changes from concave up


to concave down or vice-versa are called points of
inflection.

inflectionpt : there is a
change in
concavity .

At the inflection pt :
f "(no) =

0 - -

Lo
inflection point
,
yo
1 .

Increasing function means positive slope mtan= f'(wo) > 0


&

arbitrary pt .

2 .

Decreasing function means


negative slope Mtan= f'(no) < 0

3 .
Constant function means zero slope man= f(xr) =
0

.
4
Increasing slope ~
means concave up (f"(wo) < of
5 .

Decreasing slope means concave down & (f"(40) < a)


G f"(xd) is inflection point
0 means no the
(change in
concavify)
=
.

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