PHYSICS

Paper-I
(Theory)
(Three hours)
(Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper,
They must NOT start writing during this time)
Answer all questions in Part I and six questions from Part II, Choosing two questions
from each of the Sections A, B and C.
All working including rough work should be done on the same sheet as, and adjacent to,
the rest of the answer.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].
(Material to be supplied: Log tables including Trigonometric functions)
A list of useful physical constants is given at the end of this paper.
PART I
Answer all questions
Question 1
A Choose the correct alternative A, B , C or D for each of the questions given [5]
below:
(i) Two point charges (+e) and (–e) are kept inside a large metallic cube without
touching its sides. Electric flux emerging out of the cube is:
(A) e (B) − e
εo εo
(C) Zero (D) 2e
εo
Ans:-The Flux coming out from the faces of the cube due to the charge +e will be the same
as the flux going into the cube due to –e, the net flux emerging out of the cube will be zero.
The option C is correct.
(ii) In current electricity, Ohm’s law is obeyed by all;
(A) solids (B) metals
(C) liquids (D) gases
Ans:- Remember that Ohm’s will be obeyed under constant temperature condition. The
option is B; since all metals are conductors.
(iii) When a charged particle is projected perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field,
it describes a circular path in which:
(A) Its speed remains constant (B) Its velocity remains constant
(C) Its momentum remains (D) Its kinetic energy increases.
constant.
Ans:-The option is A since the charged particle describes a circular path. Think about the
other options.
(iv) Refractive index of a transparent material is:
(A) Same for all colours (B) Maximum for violet
(C) Minimum for violet (D) Maximum for red
Ans:-The option is B. The speed of violet in vacuum has the least value among the colours
Speed of light in vacuum
in the visible spectrum. μ= .
speed of violet colour in vacuum.
 (v) Which of the following graphs in Figure 1 represents variation of de Broglie
wavelength (λ) of a particle having linear momentum p:
(A) (B)

λ λ
p p
(C) (D)

λ λ
p p
Ans:-λ=h/p.Wavelength is inversly proportional to the momnetum of the particle. D is the
correct option.
B Answer all questions briefly and to the point: [15]
(i) How much work is done in taking an electron around a nucleus in a circular
path?

Ans:-The centripetal force holding the electron in its path is the electrostatic attraction
between the nucleus and the electron. Since the direction of motion at any point is
perpendicular to the centripetal force, the work done is zero (note that we you may write the
answer as the underlined portion only)
(ii) A 10 m long potentiometer wire carries a steady current. A standard cell of emf
1.018 V is balanced against a length of 254.5 cm of the wire. What is the
potential gradient across the potentiometer wire?

Ans:-Potential difference per cm length of wire=1.018/254.5 V/cm.

The potential gradient across the potentiometer wire={(1.018)10*100}/254.5
=4 V
(iii) Name any one instrument which works on the principle of Tangent law in
magnetism.

Ans:- Deflection magnetometer.

(iv) An inductor L and a resistor R are connected in series to a battery, through a
key/switch. Show graphically, how current decreases with time when the
key/switch is opened.

Ans: In an L-R circuit; as the switch is open the current does not come to zero at once. This
is due to the induced emf (and current) which tries to delay the decay of current in the
circuit. But the resistance in the circuit makes the decay faster. This is the concept. You do
not write this as part of the answer. Answer to the question is the graph.
 Current

Time
(v) An ideal inductor does not consume any power even though both V and I are
non zero. Explain in brief.
Ans:- In an ideal inductor the current and voltages are at a phase difference of 90o. Thus the
component of the current in phase with the voltage is zero. Hence the average power
delivered per cycle will be zero.
(vi) In Fraunhofer’s single slit diffraction experiment, how does semi-angular width
θ of the central bright fringe depend on slit width ‘a’?

Ans:- For diffraction of light, the condition is: a sinθ = n λ. For small angles sinθ = θ. i.e. a θ
= λ (n=1 for the central fringe).
θ = λ/a. Thus; as the slit width decreases the semi-angular width of the central fringe
increases.
(vii) State one use of a polaroid.

Ans:- Polaroid is used in sun glasses.

(viii) A ray of light LM incident normally on the surface of an isosceles right angled
prism ABC (where AB=BC) emerges along PQ, parallel to LM, as shown in
Figure 2 below:

L
A
Air M Air
xo Q
N xo
P
xo xo
B || C
O
Figure 2
What can you say about refractive index μ of material of the prism?

Ans:- From the figure, value of x = 45o and x must be greater than the critical angle (C) in
the medium. μ =1/sinC =1/sin45o =√2=1.41. Thus the smaller critical angle increases the
value of μ slightly more than 1.41.
Thus μ>1.41.
(ix) State one condition for obtaining sustained interference of light.

Ans: The two sources of light must be coherent.

(x) State any one postulate of Huygen’s wave theory.
Ans:- A source of light is a source of disturbance and they travel out in space and the locus
of the points of disturbance at an instant is the wavefront at that instant.
(xi) How can an n type semiconductor be obtained from a pure crystal of
germanium?

Ans:- It is done by doping an intrinsic semiconductor with a pentavalent atom.

(xii) In the following nuclear reaction
6 C → 5 B +1e + X
11 11 0

What does X stand for?

Ans:- X stands for a neutrino.

(xiii) In photoelectric effect, what is meant by the term ‘threshold frequency’?

Ans:- The photoelectric emission is possible only when the incident radiation must have a
frequency above a certain value which depends on the work function of the emitter. This
limiting frequency of the incident radiation is called the threshold frequency.
(xiv) Find angular momentum of an electron when it is in the second Bohr orbit of
hydrogen atom.

Ans:-The angular momentum is given by the Bohr’s condition :

h h h
L=n =2 =
2π 2π π
(xv) What is the symbol of a NOT gate?

Ans:-
A Y=A

PART II
Answer six questions in this part, choosing two questions from each of the Sections A, B
and C.
SECTION A
Answer any two questions
Question 2

(a) Obtain an expression for intensity of electric field in end on position i.e, [4]
axial position of an electric dipole.

Ans:-
Let P be a point on the axial line of the dipole. Let the electric field at p be E.
 +q +q P

r
2l

To find the field at P, keep a unit positive charge at P and measure the net force
acting on it.
q q
E= −
4πε o (r − l ) 2
4πε o (r + l ) 2
q ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
E= ⎜⎜ − ⎟
4πε o ⎝ (r − l ) 2
(r + l ) 2 ⎟⎠
q ⎛ (r + l ) 2 − (r − l ) 2 ⎞ q ⎛ (r 2 + l 2 + 2rl ) − (r 2 + l 2 − 2rl ) ⎞
E= ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟
⎟= ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
4πε o ⎝ (r − l ) (r + l ) ⎠ 4πε o
2
⎝ ( r 2
− l 2 2
) ⎠
q ⎛ 4rl ) ⎞ 2lq ⎛ 2r ) ⎞ 2 pr
E= ⎜ ⎟= ⎜ ⎟⎟ =
4πε o ⎜⎝ (r 2 − l 2 ) 2 ⎟⎠ 4πε o ⎜⎝ (r 2 − l 2 ) 2 ⎠ 4πε o (r − l )
2 2 2

Where p =2lq is the dipole moment.

(b) Three capacitors each of capacitance C are connected in series. Their [3]
equivalent capacitance is Cs. The same capacitors are now connected in
⎛ Cp ⎞
parallel. Their equivalent capacitance becomes Cp. Find the ratio ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ .
⎝ s⎠
C
(Working must be shown)

Ans:- Ans:- The equivalent capacitance in series combination =

1 1 1 1 3
= + + =
Cs C C C C
C
∴ Cs =
3
The equivalent capacitance of the parallel combination =Cp=C+C+C = 3C
⎛ C p ⎞ 3C
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = = 9 (Do not try to draw figures in this case and waste your time. No
⎝ Cs ⎠ C 3
mark will be awarded for the diagram)

(c) A galvanometer with a resistance of 75Ω produces a full scale deflection [2]
with a current of 5 mA. How can this galvanometer be converted into an
ammeter which has a range of 0-5 A?
Ans:- S* Is = Rg * Ig. S=(75*5)/4995 =0.075 Ω.
A shunt resistance of 0.075 Ω is connected parallel to the galvanometer to convert it
in to an ammeter of range 0-5A. ( No need to draw a diagram in this case)
Question 3

(a) In the circuit shown below in Figure 3, E1 and E2 are batteries having [4]
emf’s 4.0V and 3.5 V respectively and internal resistance 1 Ω and 2 Ω
respectively. Using Kirchoff’s laws, calculate currents I1 , I2 and I3.
I1 Q I2
P R
4Ω 3Ω
I3 E2 I2
I1 E1
4.0V 10Ω 3.5V
1Ω 2Ω
I1 I3
I2

Figure 3 S

Ans:-Mesh equation for the loop SQPS:

10I3+4I1+I1–4=0
10I3 + 5I1 = 4 ………….(1)
Mesh equation for the loop SRQS:
–2I2–3I2–10I3 + E2 = 0
–5I2–10I3+ 3.5 =0
5I2 + 10 I3 = 3.5 ……….(2)
At the junction S: I1 + I2 = I3
I1 = I3 –I2 ……………..(3) Substituting for I1 in equation(1):
10I3+5I3-5I2 = 4
15I3 –5I2 = 4………….(4)
Adding Eqns (2) and (4):
25I3 =7.5; I3 =3/10 A
Substituting I3 =3/10 in eqn:(4):
I2 =1/10 A.
From eqn (3) I1 = 3/10 –1/10 =2/10 A.
Thus I1 = 2/10 A; I2 = 1/10 A and I3 = 3/10 A
(In this question current directions and identification letters are also given. There for
there is no need to draw the figure in your answer paper; but only mention the mesh
specifications. If the figure does not contain all these information readily, you must
draw the diagram and give specifying letter and current direction before the equations
are written.)
(b) Show, with the help of a labeled graph, how thermo emf ‘e’ developed [2]
by a thermocouple varies with θ, the temperature difference between the
two junctions. On the graph, mark neutral temperature as θN and
temperature of inversion as θI.
 Ans:-

Thermo emf
‘e’

θN θI Temp: difference ‘θ

(c) (i) What is meant by a paramagnetic substance? State Curie’s law. [3]
(ii) What is the value of magnetic susceptibility of Aluminium if its
relative permeability is 1.000022?
Ans:- (i) A substance which is magnetized to a small extend in the same direction as
the external magnetic field is called a paramagnetic substance.
Curie’s law states that the magnetization of a paramagnetic substance is
directly proportional to the magnetic intensity and inversely proportional to the
absolute temperature.
(ii)Susceptibility = Relative permeability –1
Susceptibility =1.000022– =0. 000022
(Magnetization is magnetic moment per unit volume. An alternate form of
Curie’s law is : The susceptibility of the paramagnetic substance is inversely
proportion to the absolute temperature)

Question 4

(a) Using Ampere’s circuital law or Biot and Savart’s law, show that [3]
magnetic flux density ‘B’ at a point ‘P’ at a perpendicular distance ‘a’
from a long current carrying conductor is given by:
⎛ μ ⎞ 2I
B=⎜ o ⎟
⎝ 4π ⎠ a
(Statement of the laws- not required)
Ans:-Let I be the current flowing through the long conductor and ‘P’ be a point
distant ‘a’ from the conductor.

I dl
P
a

Let B be the magnetic flux density at the point P at a distance ‘a’ from the conductor.
Construct an Ampere’s loop as shown in the figure and take a small elemental length
of the loop ‘dl’.
Using Ampere’s circuital theorem:
∫ B.dl = μ I ; since magnitude of B is a constant any where on the loop :
o

B ∫ dl =μ I o

B × 2πa = μ o I
μo I
B=
2πa

⎛ μ ⎞ 2I
B=⎜ o ⎟
⎝ 4π ⎠ a
(Derivation involving Ampere’s is the simplest. Do not try to workout with Biot-
Savart’s law when choice is there. The latter method must be followed only under
when that choice is given in the question.)
(b) A current of 4A flows in a coil when it is connected to a 12V dc source. [4]
When the same coil is connected to an ac source (12 V, 8Hz), a current
of 2.4A flows in the coil. Calculate coefficient of self inductance (L) of
the coil.
Ans:-The ohmic resistance of the coil R = V/I =12/4 =3Ω.
The impedance of the coil when ac is connected Z=√{R2+(Lω)2}=V/I
⎛V 2 2⎞ ⎛ 12 2 ⎞
⎜
⎜ 2
− R ⎟
⎟ ⎜⎜ 2
− 3 2 ⎟⎟
⎠ = ⎝ 2 .4
2
16 16
R 2 + L2ω 2 = 2 ;∴ L2 = ⎝ ⎠=
V I
=
I ω 2
(2πf ) 2
(2 × 7 × 8)
22 2
2528.6
L2 = 0.00633; L = 0.00633
∴ L = 0.0796 H
(c) How much force per unit length acts on a long current carrying [2]
conductor X due to a current flowing through another similar conductor
Y, kept parallel to it in vacuum?
Use this equation to define an Ampere, the fundamental unit of current.
Ans:- Let F be the force per unit length of the wire. I1 and I2 are the currents through
the two wires respectively and ‘a’ is the perpendicular distance between them. Then:
μ o I1I 2
F =
2π a
If I1=I2, flowing through parallel conductors kept at a distance of 1meter away from
each other in vacuum exerts a force of 2 x 10-7 N per metre length of the conductor
then the current flowing through them is taken as the fundamental unit of current
equal to 1 Ampere.
μ o I1I 2 4 π × 10 − 7 I 2
(Note: F = implies that 2 × 10 − 7 = . This is true if
2π a 2π × 1
and only if I=1)

SECTION B
Answer any two questions
Question 5

(a) (i) Arrange all the seven types of electro-magnetic radiations in [3]
increasing order of their frequencies. (You must begin with a
radiation with lowest frequency and end with the one having the
highest frequency.)
(ii) State how electric vector E , magnetic vector B and velocity
vector c are oriented in an electromagnetic wave
Ans:- (i) Radio waves, Microwaves, Infra red, , Visible light, Ultra violet, X-rays, γ-
rays.
(ii) E and B are perpendicular to the vector c , and both E and B are
perpendicular to each other.
(b) In Young’s double slit experiment, using monochromatic light L1 of [3]
wavelength 700nm, 10th bright fringe was obtained at a certain point P
on a screen. Which bright fringe will be obtained at the same point if
monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm is used in place of L1.(No
other alterations were made in the experimental set up.)
Dλ1 Dλ 2 m1λ1 10 × 700 × 10 −9
Ans:- We have x = m1 = m2 ,∴ m2 = = = 14
d d λ2 500 × 10 −9
Thus in the second case 14 th bright fringe will occupy the same point.
(c) A certain monochromatic light traveling in air is incident on a glass [2]
plate at a polarizing angle. Angle of refraction in glass is found to be
32o. Calculate :
(i) the polarizing angle;
(ii) refractive index of glass.
Ans:-At the polarizing angle ip; ip+ r = 90o.
(i) Polarising angle = (90–32)o = 58o.
(ii) Refractive index, n = tan ip. = tan 58o. =1.60.

Question 6

(a) Calculate angle of minimum deviation (δm) for a regular glass prism. [2]
(Refractive index of glass =1.6)
A+δ m
Sin⎛⎜ ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠ A+δ m
;∴ Sin⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ = nSin( A )
2
n =
A
Sin( ) ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2

2
A+δ
Ans:- Sin⎛⎜ m
⎞⎟ = 1.6 × Sin(60 / 2) = 0.8
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛⎜ A + δ m ⎞⎟ = Sin − 1 (0.8) = 59 o . ∴ δ = (2 × 59 − 60) o
⎝ 2 ⎠ m

δ m = 58 o .
(b) Obtain an expression for refraction at a single convex surface, i.e. the [4]
 relation between μ1 (rarer medium), μ2 (denser medium), the object
distance u, image distance v and radius of curvature R .
Ans:-The object placed at O on the principal axis in the rarer medium forms an
image in the denser medium at I. PN is considered to be perpendicular to the
principal axis in this derivation.

N
μ1 i μ2
r
α β γ
O P C I
R
u v

In the triangle NOC :

NP NP ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
i = α + β ;∴ tan i = tan α + tan β = + = NP⎜ + ⎟...........(1)
OP PC ⎝ OP PC ⎠
In the triangle NCI :
NP NP ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
r = β − γ ; tan r = tan β − tan γ = − = NP⎜ − ⎟................(2)
PC PI ⎝ PC PI ⎠
By Snell' s law of refraction at the surface :
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
NP⎜ + ⎟ ⎜ + ⎟
μ 2 Sini tan i ⎝ OP PC ⎠ ⎝ OP PC ⎠
= = = =
μ1 Sinr tan r ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
NP⎜ − ⎟ ⎜ − ⎟
⎝ PC PI ⎠ ⎝ PC PI ⎠
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ μ2 μ2 μ μ
μ2 ⎜ − ⎟ = μ1 ⎜ + ⎟. ∴ − = 1 + 1
⎝ PC PI ⎠ ⎝ OP PC ⎠ PC PI OP PC
μ 2 − μ1 μ 2 μ1
= + ...........(3). Applying sign convention :
PC PI OP
μ 2 − μ1 μ 2 μ 1
= +
+R +v −u
μ 2 − μ1 μ 2 μ1
= −
R v u

(This is a fairly long answer. The diagram is essential. Without the diagram the
derivation cannot be given. It is meaningless to write mathematical properties in this
case without the diagram. You need writing practice to answer this question.
Workout many times before the exam)
(c) Where should an object be kept on the principal axis of a convex lens of [2]
focal length 20 cm, in order to get an image, which is double the size of
 the object?
Ans:-m =v/u = -2/1. v = -2u (for real image) & v = 2u for virtual image
(i) for real image:
1 1 1 1 1 1 3
= − ,∴ = − =−
f v u f − 2u u 2u
∴ u = −30cm.

(ii)for virtual image:

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= − ,∴ = − =−
f v u f 2u u 2u
∴ u = −10cm.

Question 7

(a) (i) What is the use of a spectrometer? [3]

(ii) In a spectrometer, what is the function of:

(1) Collimator?
(2) Telescope?
Ans: (i) A spectrometer is an instrument to study the spectrum of different sources of
light.
(ii)
(1) The collimator makes a beam of light narrow and parallel.
(2) The telescope brings the narrow beam of light in to a focus at the cross
wire of its eye-piece.
(b) Draw a labeled diagram of an image formed by a compound microscope [3]
with image at least distance of distinct vision.
Ans:-The final image (3) is formed at the least distance of distinct vision (D).
Objective Convex
lens Eye-piece convex
lens
fe
1
2
fO
3

(No explanation is required as per the question. But you must label the diagram
completely to get full mark due to the question. Arrows must be drawn to represent
rays. Always marks will be deducted for not marking the rays. Before drawing the
diagram select proper place in the paper so that no adjustments need to be made for
the rays to meet for want of space.)
 (c) An astronomical telescope consists of two thin convex lenses having [2]
focal lengths of 140cm and 5 cm. The telescope is adjusted to be in
normal adjustment. :
(i) What is the angular magnification, i.e. magnifying power of the
telescope in this set up?
(ii) What is the distance between the two lenses equal to?
Ans:- (i) M = fo/fe = 140/5 = 28.
(ii) d = fo + fe =140+5 = 145cm.

SECTION C
Answer any two questions

Question 8

(a) State two important conclusions that can be drawn from Millikan’s oil [2]
drop experiment to determine the charge of an electron.
Ans:- (1) Quantization of charge; charges always appear as integral multiple of a
fundamental charge.
(2) It gives another proof for Avogadro’s number.
(b) A monochromatic source of light emits light of wavelength 198nm. [3]
Calculate:
(i) energy of each photon;
(ii) Momentum of the photon.
Ans:- (i) E = h ν = h c/λ =(6.6x10-34 x 3x 108)/198x10-9.=1.0x10-18 J.
(ii) p = h/ λ =(6.6x10-34)/ 198x10-9= 3.3 x 10-23 Ns-1.
(c) (i) Name a series of lines of hydrogen spectrum which lies in: [3]
(1) Visible region
(2) Ultra violet region
(ii) Write Bohr’s formula to calculate wavelength (λ) of visible
light, emitted by hydrogen, and explain the meaning of each
and every symbol used.
Ans:- (i)
(1) Balmer Series
(2) Lyman Series
(ii)
1 mZ 2 e 4 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= 2 3 ⎜⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟⎟; for Hydrogen Z = 1 and for visible light n1 = 2 & n2 = n = 3,4.,....
λ 8ε o ch ⎝ n1 n2 ⎠
1 me 4 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
∴ = 2 3⎜ 2 − 2⎟
λ 8ε o ch ⎝ 2 n ⎠
m- mass of electron
Z-atomic number for Hydrogen
e- charge of an electron.
c- speed of light in vacuum.
h- the Planck’s constant.
n- the principal quantum number.
Question 9

(a) Starting with the law of radioactive disintegration, show that: [3]
− λt
N = N 0 e , where the terms have their usual meaning.
Ans:- Let No be the number of active atoms at time t =0 and N be the number of
atoms at time ‘t’.Assume that dN be the number of atoms disintegrated in time
dt. Then:
dN dN
∞N ,∴ = −λN , where ' λ ' is called the disintegration constant.
dt dt
dN N dN t
∴ = −λdt.,∴ ∫ = −λ ∫ dt
N No N 0

(ln N )NNo = −λ (t )t0

N
ln NNo = −λt , ∴ = e − λt
No
N = N o e − λt
(b) What is meant by Pair production? Explain with the help of an [2]
example and a balanced equation.
Ans:-A γ-ray photon of sufficient energy(≥1.02MeV) falls on a heavy metal, the
energy is absorbed by some nucleus of the substance, the energy gives rise to
two particles, namely an electron and a positron pair is called Pair production.
hν → −1 β 0 + +1 β 0 .
(c) An X ray is operated at a tube potential of 40,000 V. Calculate: [3]
(i) Kinetic energy of an electron emitted by the filament when it
reaches the target/anode.
(ii) Wavelength of all the x rays emitted by the X ray tube.
Ans:- (i) At the anode the potential energy eV is converted into K.E.
K.E = eV = 1.6x10-19 x 40,000 =6.4x10-15 J.
(ii) E = hν=hc/λ
6.6 × 10 −34 × 3 × 10 8 −11
o
λ=hc/E = = 3.094 × 10 m = 0.3094 A
6.4 × 10 −15

Question 10

(a) (i) In the following nuclear reaction, calculate the energy released in 3]
MeV:
1 H + 1 H → 2 He+ 0 n
2 2 3 1

Given that :
Mass of 12 H = 2.015u
Mass of 23 He = 3.017u
 (ii) Mass of 01 n = 1.009u
What is the name of this reaction?
Ans:- (i) Mass of L.H.S of the equation= 2x2.015 =4.030u
Mass of R.H.S of the equation=3.017+1.009=4.026u
Mass defect Δm = 0.004u
Energy released in MeV: E = 0.004u *931=3.724 MeV
(ii) It is a nuclear fusion reaction.
(b) What is meant by the terms: [3]
(i) a full wave rectifier?
(ii) an amplifier?
(iii) an oscillator?
Ans:-
(i) It is an electronic circuit which converts the positive and negative halves of
the ac current(voltage) into a dc for the same period.
(ii) An amplifier is an electronic circuit which magnifies the voltage (current) or
power of an input ac signal and gives that as the output.
(iii) An oscillator is an electronic circuit which produces sustained electrical
oscillations of particular frequency decided by the values of capacitance and
inductor in its tank circuit.
(c) Using several NAND gates, how can you obtain an AND gate? Draw a [2]
labeled diagram in support of your answer.
Ans:- By using two NAND gates in combination can produce an AND gate by the
following configuration:

A
Y
B

Useful Constants and Relations:

1 Sped of light in vacuum (c) = 3.0 x 108 ms-1
2 Plank’s constant (h) = 6.6 x 10-34 Js
3 Permeability of vacuum (μo) = 4π x 10-7 Hm-1
4 Charge of an electron (–e) = -1.6 x 10-19 C
5 Unified Atomic Mass Unit (1 u) = 931 MeV
6 (1 nm) = 10-9 m

ISC-2011
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